in this presentation, overover of antidiabetic drugs is mentioned.

1. ANTI DIABETIC DRUGS:
MARIA MOHAMMAD
PHARM.D, FREELANCE CONTENT WRITER

2. INTRODUCTION:
 Antidiabetic drugs (with the exception of insulin) are all
pharmacological agents that have been approved
for hyperglycemic treatment in type 2 diabetes.
 If weight loss, exercise, dietry changes donot work than the
treatment with antidiabetic drug should be started in order to
control diabetes at the targeted level.
 These drugs are classified on the basis of their mechanism of action
 They are given as monotherapy or combination therapy.

3. CLASSIFICATION:
1. BIGUANIDES:
I. METFORMIN:
MECHANISM OF ACTION: Act on liver to reduce gluconeogenesis and a decrease
in insulin resistance via increasing AMPK signaling.
BENEFITS:
 Cheap
 Cause weight loss
 Low risk of hypoglycemia
 Lower triglycerides

4. ii) GLITAZONES:
MECHANISM OF ACTION:
bind to PPAR-gamma, a nuclear regulatory protein involved in the regulation of glucose
and fat metabolism.
SIDE EFFECTS:
• Increased risk of bladder cancer
• Bone fracture in women
• Weight gain
• Risk of hypoglycemia

5. 2) SULFONYLUREAS:
i) GLIPIZIDE:
MECHANISM OF ACTION:
Inhibit K ATP channel of pancreatic beta cells and trigger insulin release.
SIDE EFFECTS:
• High risk of hypoglycemia
• Weight gain

6. ii) MEGLITINIDES:
• REPAGLINIDE:
• NETAGLINIDE
MECHANISM OF ACTION:
Act on potassium channels as sulfonylureas, but at
different site,help pancreas to produce insulin.

7. 3) DRP-4 INHIBITORS:
• LINAGLIPTIN
• SAXAGLIPTIN
• SITAGLIPTIN
MECHANISM OF ACTION:
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, increase blood concentration of incretin GLP -1 by
inhibiting its degradation by dipeptidyl peptidase-4.

8. 4) GLYCOSURICS:
• DAPAGLIFLOZIN
• CANAGLIFLOZIN
• EMPAGLIFLOZIN
MECHANISM OF ACTION:
SGLT-2 inhibitors block re-uptake of glucose in renal tubules, promoting loss of
glucose in the urine.

9. 5) GLP-1 AGONISTS:
i) EXENATIDE:
MECHANISM OF ACTION:
Bind to membrane GLP receptors, increasing insulin release
from pancreatic beta cells.

10. 6) ALPHA GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORS:
• ACARBOSE
• MIGLITOL
MECHANISM OF ACTION:
Reduce glucose absorbance by acting on small intestine to cause decrease in
production of enzymes that are required for the digestion of carbohydrates.