There are three main types of plate boundaries: convergent boundaries where plates collide and come together, divergent boundaries where plates move apart, and transform boundaries where plates slide past one another. Convergent boundaries result in features like volcanic mountains and deep trenches, while divergent boundaries form rift valleys and ocean ridges due to seafloor spreading. Folds form from compressional forces bending ductile rocks, and faults occur when tensional forces cause rocks to crack along fissures.