MIST998/MIST920   Fall  2016       GUIDELINES  ON  HOW  TO  WRITE  YOUR  RESEARCH  PAPER       1.  Respecting  instructions     Make  sure  your  essay  fulfills  the  requirements  as  laid  out  in  the  syllabus  in  terms  of:   • Number  of  words/length.   • Deadline.   • Way  of  submission  (  hard  copy  or/and  electronically)   Some  standard  practices  are  to  number  your  pages,  NOT  print  your  essay  double-­‐sided   and  use  at  least  1.5  spacing  and  a  sufficiently  big,  legible  font.   Do  not  forget  to  give  a  title  to  your  paper:  it  can  be  the  research  question  if  it  is  not  too   long  or  a  shorter  version  of  it  or  a  classic  title.       2.  Important  points     -­‐Your  paper  should  be  structured  and  present  a  coherent  argument.  A  basic  structure   contains:     o An  Introduction:   The  Introduction  serves  to  introduce  what  you  are  writing  about:  present   your  research  question  and  emphasize  its  relevance,  clarify  any   definitions  if  needed  and  announce  an  outline  (without  spoiling  too  much,   think  of  it  as  a  teaser).  Ideally,  it  should  constitute  around  10%  of  the   essay.  To  sum  up,  the  introduction  introduces  the  topic,  presents  your   main  argument  and  the  structure  of  your  essay.       o Body  of  research  paper:     -­‐The  core  of  your  essay  should  reflect  the  structure/arguments  announced   in  the  introduction.     -­‐Develop  your  argument  in  a  systematic  and  logical  way.  Each  section   depends  on  its  predecessor  and  provides  a  bridge  to  what  follows.  Each   paragraph  begins  with  a  lead  sentence  that  introduces  the  idea  that  is  then   supported  by  the  rest  of  the  paragraph.  Use  connectors  as  signposts  for   the  reader  to  show  how  your  arguments/parts  of  your  essay  are  linked.  It   is  usually  better  to  dedicate  one  (and  only  one)  argument  per  paragraph.       -­‐  The  arguments  should  be  specific,  focused  and  concrete  enough.  Your   claims  should  be  plausible,  factually  accurate,  backed-­‐up  with  references   and  directly  relevant  to  the  argument  and  the  question  asked.  Do  not  use   vague  sentences  that  are  unclear  and/or  contribute ...

1. MIST998/MIST920
Fall
2016
GUIDELINES
ON
HOW
TO
WRITE
YOUR
RESEARCH
PAPER
1.

2. Respecting
instructions
Make
sure
your
essay
fulfills
the
requirements
as
laid
out
in
the
syllabus
in
terms
of:
• Number
of
words/length.
• Deadline.
• Way
of
submission
(
hard
copy
or/and

3. electronically)
Some
standard
practices
are
to
number
your
pages,
NOT
print
your
essay
double--‐ sided
and
use
at
least
1.5
spacing
and
a
sufficiently
big,
legible
font.
Do
not
forget
to
give
a

4. title
to
your
paper:
it
can
be
the
research
question
if
it
is
not
too
long
or
a
shorter
version
of
it
or
a
classic
title.
2.
Important
points

5. --‐ Your
paper
should
be
structured
and
present
a
coherent
argument.
A
basic
structure
contains:
o An
Introduction:
The
Introduction
serves
to
introduce
what
you
are
writing
about:
present
your

6. research
question
and
emphasize
its
relevance,
clarify
any
definitions
if
needed
and
announce
an
outline
(without
spoiling
too
much,
think
of
it
as
a
teaser).
Ideally,
it
should
constitute
around
10%
of
the

7. essay.
To
sum
up,
the
introduction
introduces
the
topic,
presents
your
main
argument
and
the
structure
of
your
essay.
o Body
of
research
paper:
--‐ The
core
of
your

8. essay
should
reflect
the
structure/arguments
announced
in
the
introduction.
--‐ Develop
your
argument
in
a
systematic
and
logical
way.
Each
section
depends
on
its
predecessor
and
provides
a
bridge
to
what
follows.
Each

9. paragraph
begins
with
a
lead
sentence
that
introduces
the
idea
that
is
then
supported
by
the
rest
of
the
paragraph.
Use
connectors
as
signposts
for
the
reader
to
show
how
your
arguments/parts
of

10. your
essay
are
linked.
It
is
usually
better
to
dedicate
one
(and
only
one)
argument
per
paragraph.
--‐
The
arguments
should
be
specific,
focused
and
concrete
enough.
Your

11. claims
should
be
plausible,
factually
accurate,
backed--‐ up
with
references
and
directly
relevant
to
the
argument
and
the
question
asked.
Do
not
use
vague
sentences
that
are
unclear
and/or
contribute
nothing
to
the

12. argument.
Do
not
take
anything
for
granted
and
clearly
lay
out,
systematically,
the
definitions
and
concepts
that
allow
you
to
make
your
claims.
Be
explicit.
Make
an
effort
to
address
all
sides
of
an

13. argument.
Try
to
make
a
sophisticated
argument
by
introducing
nuances,
conditionality,
probability
and
categories,
or
by
focusing
on
certain
mechanisms
or
processes.
--‐ Be
careful
to
use
quotations
wisely
and
sparingly.
Embed
quotations

14. in
the
text
and
do
not
forget
to
provide
the
full
and
exact
references
(with
the
page).
For
long
quotations,
use
indention.
--‐ Proofread
your
text.
Sloppy
orthography
decreases
your
credibility.
Give

15. priority
to
an
effective
writing
style.
Do
not
get
stuck
on
syntax
and
cut
to
the
chase.
Do
not
form
long
run--‐ on
sentences
that
pack
in
too
many
arguments.
Do
not
unnecessarily
repeat
yourself.

16. --‐
Ideally,
your
argument
should
be
analytical,
coherent,
complete,
logical
and
systematic.
This
is
usually
reflected
in
the
nice
flow
of
the
paper.
--‐ Avoid
descriptions/summaries/paraphrases.
Your
work
should

17. be
analytical.
--‐ Take
issue
with
authors,
mobilize
your
critical
skills.
--‐ Length:
80%
of
the
essay
approximately.
o Conclusion:
Refer
back
to
the
initial
question
and

18. quickly
re--‐ state
your
argument.
At
this
point
you
should
be
able
to
provide
an
answer
to
your
research
question.
Do
not
introduce
new
ideas/concepts/arguments/examples
in
the
conclusion.
The
conclusion
pulls
together
the
strands

19. of
your
argument
in
a
sophisticated
way
so
the
reader
is
satisfied
that
you
have
treated
the
subject
in
a
complete
fashion.
Ideally,
represents
10%
of
the
Essay.

20. Overall,
your
paper
should
answer
the
research
question.
It
should
be
clear,
coherent,
logical,
well
structured
and
well
argued.
3.
Referencing

21. The
bibliography
comes
at
the
end
of
the
paper
and
should
be
on
a
separate
page.
Make
sure
your
references
are
complete
and
correct.
List
items
in
alphabetical
order.
Items
should
not
be
numbered/bulleted.

22. You
do
not
need
to
separate
items
by
type
(books,
articles,
websites).
All
the
works
referred
to
in
the
paper
must
be
in
the
bibliography.
The
Chicago
Style,
most
commonly
used,
consists
of
two

23. systems:
1. The
"notes
and
bibliography"
system.
2. The
"author--‐ date"
system.
BE
CONSISTENT.
Make
sure
you
stick
to
one
system.
• "Notes
&
bibliography
system":
Books
Last

24. Name,
First
Name.Title
in
italics.
Edition.
Place
of
publication,
date
of
publication.
Example:
Arendt,
Hannah.
The
Origins
of
Totalitarianism.
3rd
ed.
London:
George
Allen
&
Unwin,
1967.

25. • "Notes
&
bibliography
system":
Articles
Last
Name,
First
Name."Title
of
the
article
in
quotation
marks."
Title
of
periodical
in
italics
volume,issue
number
(date
of
publication):
page
reference.
Example:

26. Kirk,
Marc
and
Rick
Larsen."Helping
Congress
to
Understand
China."
Far
Eastern
Economic
Review
169,
no
4
(2006)
:
25--‐ 28.
• "Notes
&
bibliography
system":
Footnotes
--‐ Books:
First
Name
Last

27. Name,Title
in
italics,
p.
x
or
pp.
x--‐ y.
Example:
Hedley
Bull
(ed.),
Intervention
in
World
Politics,
p.
545.
--‐ Articles:
First
Name
Last
Name,
"Title
of
Article",
Title
of
periodical
in
italics
volume,
issue

28. number
(date
of
publication):
page
reference.
Example:
Marc
Kirk
and
RickLarsen.
"Helping
Congress
to
Understand
China."
Far
Eastern
Economic
Review
169,
no
4
(2006)
:
25--‐ 28.
• Latin
Expressions
for
Footnotes

29. op.
cit.
:
cited
previously.
Idem.
:
means
same
book
and
same
page
as
footnote
before.
Ibid.
:
means
same
book
as
the
footnote
before
but
different
page.
et
al.
(and

30. others)
:
used
after
the
name
of
the
first
author
when
many.
• The
"author--‐ date"
system:
Books
Last
Name,
First
Name.
Date
of
publication.
Title
in
italics.
Place
of
publication:
Publisher.

31. Example:
Gourévitch,
Jean--‐ Paul.
2006.
La
France
en
Afrique:
cinq
siècles
de
présence:
vérités
et
mensonges.
Paris:
Acropole.
• The
"author--‐ date"
system:
Articles
Last
Name,
First
Name.
Date
of
publication.Title
of

32. the
article.
Title
of
the
periodical
in
italics
volume,
number
(month
or
season
of
publication):
page
reference.
Example:
Farr,
Vanessa.
2006.
Scared
half
to
death:
The
gendered
impacts
of
prolific
small
arms.

33. Contemporary
Security
Policy
27
(April):
45--‐ 59.
• The
"author--‐ date"
system:
Text
citations
….end
of
the
sentence
(Last
name
of
the
author
year,
page).
Example:
(Gourévitch
2004)

34. (Gourévitch
2006,
57)
4.
Suggestions
of
sources
1. Books
of

35. course,
especially
University
Presses
(Oxford
University
Press,
Harvard
University
Press,
Yale
University
Press,
Palgrave
McMillan…)
2. Journals
3. Reports
of
International
Organizations
(United
Nations
and
their
multiple
agencies,
IOM,
WFO,
WHO,
UNDP,

36. UNESCO,
UNICEF,
World
Bank,
IMF),
Non--‐
Govermental
Organizations
(Oxfam,
World
Economic
Forum),
Research
Centers,
Think
Tanks
(check
the
suggestions
of
the
London
School
of
Economics
here:
http://www.lse.ac.uk/intranet/CareersAndVacancies/careersServ
ice/Employme
ntSectors/Economics/EconomicThinkTanks.aspx)
4.
Newspapers/Magazines:

37. The
Economist,
Foreign
Affairs,
The
Atlantic,
etc…
Dissertation Proposal Form
This form must be approved for a candidate to register for the
dissertation. It is the student’s responsibility to find a Faculty
Promoter with whom to complete this form. It is also incumbent
upon the student to make sure that all academic and
administrative criteria have been met. The form must be
completed, signed by the respective parties, and submitted to
the Dissertation Coordinator for approval. Please type on this
form. Handwritten forms will not be accepted.
Section A: Registration Information

38. Name:
Email: Click or tap here to enter text.
Program (DBA; MBA, BBA): BBA
Specialization: Bachelor of Arts in Digital Business, Design &
Innovation.
Promoter:
Proposed Dissertation Defense Cohort (Choose One)
☒January 2021 ☐May 2021 ☐ June 2021
☐September 2021
`Section B: Dissertation Outline
I. Proposed Dissertation Title:.
Ocean endangered: how businesses can promote the
conservation of endangered marine environment while creating
value et the same time?
II. Research Question or Hypothesis:
Businesses can save marine life while at the same time making
profit. There are several ways in which the business can do this.
At first, it can preserve the natural resources of the ocean such
as fish stock for instance, which plays a significant role in
providing livelihoods, nutrition, and food. Similarly, it can
improve the costal environment, capture marine-based economic
opportunities, and increase the productivity of the ocean
sustainably. Unsustainable fishing practices, the pollution, the
spread of diseases, and loss of habitats are many factors that are
directly associated with human actions: it endanger marine life.
Therefore, I would like focus on how to develop a marine
related business that can solve global ecological issues relying
on the following question:
How to create value and at the same time, contribute to the
protection of the marine life?
Research question
Which is the best business model that can save and promote the
marine environment while generating profit simultaneously ?
III. Review of Literature/Background:

39. The conflict between the human civilisation and wildlife has
gone too far. In fact, the marine life is significantly becoming
endangered as the global population continues to increase,
industrialization as well as business and human activities also
continue to increase. Therefore, The climate is changing too. A
study conducted by observe that climate change is one of the
leading factors endangering marine life (Duarte et al., 2020).
In addition, the atmospheric carbon dioxide is also increasing
generating more ocean acidification, resulting in adverse effects
to marine life such as loss of breeding grounds, coral bleaching,
and dissolving skeletons and shells (Yanik and Aslan, 2018).
Today, marine life is more threatened as compared to few
decades ago. For instance, a study conducted by the World
Wildlife Fund revealed that more than 100 million marine
animals are killed by plastic wastes every year. Moreover,
around 100,000 marine animals die from being entangled in
plastic wastes every year.
According to the projects by the United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), almost 50% of
marine species in the world may become extinct if there are
effective and necessary measures put in place to make sure that
the threats facing marine life are eradicated (Bermudez and
Lindemann-Matthies, 2020). Human activities, especially
industrialization is among the leading contributor of ocean
pollution. Pesticides, discharge of nutrients, agricultural run-
off, and untreated sewage are among land-based sources that
make up approximately 18% of marine pollution in the world
(Gutoff, 2017).
Similarly, almost 8 million tons of plastic are released into
oceans in different parts of the world every year (Yanik and
Aslan, 2018).
Other studies have assesses the significant role played by
businesses in conserving and protecting endangered marine
animals and ocean species. For instance, a report by the United
States Environmental Protection Agency (2021) revealed that

40. 8.7% of the 380 million tons of plastic waste were recycled in
the year 2019. This aspect was considered to be an effective
strategy when it comes to reducing water pollutants by
businesses. It was also considered to be the best strategy for
saving money. In fact, a well-designed planned and
implemented recycling program can generate thousands of euros
in savings per person annually (Carney Almroth and Eggert,
2019)
Therefore, the new research will build on the literature provided
above and explore other ways businesses can save marine life
while also creating business value in the process. This research
will recommend new strategies for big and small businesses to
improve waste management, adopt more sustainable business
practices, and collaborate with the rest of the world in
addressing the various threats endangering marine life. The
strategy through which businesses can save marine life is
shifting away from plastic packaging to more eco-friendly
alternatives. Packaging waste accounts for approximately 40%
of all solid waste in waste streams. Some of the eco-friendly
packaging alternatives that businesses should adopt include
organic fabrics, seaweed and mushroom packaging, recyclable
and reusable materials and biodegradable packaging. In so
doing, this research will make a valuable addition to the
existing knowledge about the subject.
IV. Research Methodology:
This study will use a mixed-method research design. It is
important to note that choosing a research design is a
significant process in research since it helps in formulating the
path followed by the researcher in an entire research process
such as designing questionnaires, analyzing data, interpreting as
well as reporting the findings.
The study will use both primary and secondary approaches
in data collection and analysis. In other words, it will collect
both qualitative and quantitative data. As far as the primary
research is concerned, the researcher will conduct telephonic

41. and online surveys to examine and understand the role of
businesses in the protection and conservation of endangered
marine species. A standardized questionnaire will be
administered to a maximum of respondents which will include
researchers, professors, policy makers, and business leaders for
the purpose of collecting primary data which will be
quantitative in nature. Every respondent will be asked to
completely fill a structured questionnaire to demonstrate the
way and magnitude in which businesses can contribute in the
protection of marine life. A standardized questionnaire involves
asking precisely the same questions to all participants in an
identical formats, and recording the responses in a uniform
manner (Sharpe & Berggren, 2019). It will capture the role
played by businesses in protecting and conserving marine
animals and ocean species. Before the main study, I will
conduct a pilot study including 4 respondents from the study
area. However, the respondents that will take part in the pilot
study will not be included in the main study. A pilot study gives
the researcher an opportunity to ascertain the feasibility of the
project and also whether the proposed instruments and methods
of the study are appropriate and if they will yield needed
information (Manzello et al., 2019)
Primary data will be complemented with secondary data
which will result from a systematic literature review. I will
identify, select, and appraise literature for the purpose of
answering the research question. The main research question of
the proposed study is whether businesses can promote the
conservation of endangered marine species while also creating
value for the business at the same time.
Moreover, I will put in place inclusion/exclusion criteria
where he will carry out a systematic scoping review to eliminate
unreliable low-quality sources of data. Reputed websites and
peer-reviewed journal articles to obtain the highest level of
evidence will be used.
V. Selected Bibliography

42. Bermudez, G.M. and Lindemann-Matthies, P., 2020. “What
Matters Is Species Richness”—High School Students’
Understanding of the Components of Biodiversity. Research in
Science Education, 50(6), pp.2159-2187.
Broderick, A.C., 2015. Grand challenges in marine conservation
and sustainable use. Frontiers in Marine Science, 2, p.11.
Brownlee, E. and Elias, A., 2014. World Wildlife Fund and The
Coca-Cola Company: A global partnership for freshwater
conservation. World Wildlife Fund and the Coca-Cola
Company: A Global Partnership for Freshwater Conservation.
Darden Case No. UVA-ENT-0204.
Burgess, G.H., 2011. ISAF 2010 Worldwide Shark Attack
Summary. Florida Museum of Natural History, University of
Florida, Website. https://www. floridamuseum. ufl.
edu/fish/isaf/worldwide-summary.
Carney Almroth, B. and Eggert, H., 2019. Marine plastic
pollution: sources, impacts, and policy issues. Review of
environmental economics and policy, 13(2), pp.317-326.
Duarte, C.M., Agusti, S., Barbier, E., Britten, G.L., Castilla,
J.C., Gattuso, J.P., Fulweiler, R.W., Hughes, T.P., Knowlton,
N., Lovelock, C.E. and Lotze, H.K., 2020. Rebuilding marine
life. Nature, 580(7801), pp.39-51.
Gutoff, J.M., 2017. Attaching Domestic Assets to Remedy High
Seas Pollution: Rule B and Marine Debris. Roger Williams UL
Rev., 22, p.432.
Nyhus, P.J., 2016. Human–wildlife conflict and
coexistence. Annual review of environment and resources, 41,
pp.143-171.
Yanik, T. and Aslan, I., 2018. Impact of global warming on
aquatic animals. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 50(1).
VI. Research and Writing Timeline:

43. The starting date has already begun. I am now doing a research
time in order to accumulate my knowledge on the subject. I
already start to identify, select an safe useful information as
well as the sources where I can fin them.
Click or tap here to enter text.
VII. Ethics: How does your research relate to the ethical aspects
of your subject matter?
There is a growing concern that the current human population
must act to save the sea and tackle the factors that threaten
marine life. Therefore there is a need to minimize these
threatening factors. Saving seas and oceans is ethical since it
benefits all life on earth. It is also in accordance with human
values and our own long-term wellbeing. It also enhances the
beauty of nature, sense of the greatness of seas and oceans, and
recreation which are also non-economic values of saving seas
and oceans.
There will be a clear shift from today’s world to a more
sustainable one. It is essential to prevent not only the nature
from dying, but the whole planet, including human beings.
I see a great opportunity there and I am willing to be part of the
shift to a sustainable and eco-friendly world.
VIII. Signature of Student:
Signature Date: August 27, 2021

44. The grade for the entire dissertation project is a composite
grade allocated by the defense panel and takes three areas into
consideration:
· Form (20%): the structural organization of the Dissertation
document (grammar and vocabulary; writing and reporting;
technology; style)
· Content (60%): the academic accuracy and value of the project
(executive summary; research question & objectives;
background; main body; conclusions)
· Defense (20%): the manner and methods used (visuals;
content; questions & answers)
Nahed AlShehhi
5468267
Women Terrorist
1

45. WHY WOMEN JOIN TERRORIST GROUPS
MIST 998
Done For: Dr. Imene Ajala
Nahed AlShehhi
5468267
Women Terrorist
2
Why Women Join Terrorists Groups
Definitions and Concepts of Terrorism
Terrorism can be defined in a number of ways depending on
various points of view.
According to the United States Department of Defense, it is the
calculated use of unlawful
violence to cause fear with the purpose to coerce or intimidate
governments or societies in
pursuit of general political, religious, or ideological agendas
(O'Kane 2007). In this definition,

46. violence, intimidation, and fear are key elements that produce
terror among victims. According
to the FBI, terrorism is the unlawful use of force, violence, or
property against people to
intimidate or coerce a government or civilian population of any
segment thereof to further
political or social objectives (Du Mont 2002). The United
Nations (UN) defines terrorism as
premeditated politically-motivated violence that is spread
against non-combatant targets by sub-
national groups or underground agents intended to affect an
audience. The desire to revenge for
atrocities that are committed against their loved ones appears to
be a significant motivation for
women joining terror groups in modern society.
Terrorism has three perspectives-a victim, a terrorist, and the
general public. While
terrorists do not see themselves as evil, victims perceive them
as criminal combatants who are
ready to attain their goals by whatever means possible. On the
other hand, the views of the
general public are unstable and are different from one
community to another. According to Pillar
(2001), four elements are common in all the government

47. definitions. He argues that these
elements are pre-mediation, political motivation, targets being
noncombatants, and perpetrators
being sub-national or clandestine agents.
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Women Terrorist
3
Motivations of Women to Support Terrorism
Comprehending a woman carrying out a terror attack is
difficult. According to Alexander
and Finger (1997), terrorism is a response to frustrations of
various personal needs as well as
economic and political objectives. Many women join terrorist
groups due to ideologies, grief or
revenge for loss, financial hardships, personal or family shame,
and protection of self or their
families.

48. First, wives, mothers, and daughters are much more affected
emotionally, physically, and
financially after losing dominant male figures in their lives. In
most cases, such losses are
perceived as an injustice that motivates them to find
collaborations in terrorist groups with an
intention to revenge.
Second, women's commitment to an ideological cause is similar
to those of their male
counterparts (Blee 2005). In most cases, women terrorists claim
to fight for freedom of the
oppressed and marginalized communities. It is the desire to
make significant improvements to
the current environments that drives them to join terrorism.
Third, women terrorists have a desire to improve their social
statuses. When they gain
equality with their male counterparts, they try to find chances
where they can prove the equality
(Fighting for God: Motivations and aims of religious terrorists
2003). Advancements of women,
such as the ability to attend school, maintain a job, and receive
medical attention, are just a few
of the motivations.

49. Fourth, financial hardships as a result of a death of the
breadwinner may make women
join terrorist groups with the aim of making up for this loss.
Nahed AlShehhi
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Women Terrorist
4
Fifth, women may join extremist groups due to personal or
family shame caused by
disrespect of their acquaintances. Forced marriages or rapes
may motivate females to become
suicide bombers to clean themselves as understood by a given
culture (Pedahzur 2006).
Lastly, women may participate in terrorist groups to protect
themselves or their families.
History of Women Participation in Terrorism
Throughout history, women have participated in political
violent actions of the
insurgency, rebellion, and terrorism. One good example is
Boudica and Joan of Arc, who

50. collaborated to revolt against the Roman occupation (Hammond
2005). In the Russian revolution
and anticolonial resistance in India, Algeria, and Israeli, women
were involved. By the 1960s and
1970s, women had been introduced to terrorism in a modern
sense as they joined leftist and
nationalist organizations across the world. In the United States
and Europe, right-wing groups,
such as Ku Klux Klan (KKK), actively recruited women. In the
1990s and from 2000, the
involvement of women in Jihad and Islamist terrorist
organizations increased rapidly.
Before the 1970s, academic literature on terrorism was almost
non-existent. Since the rise
of violent leftist groups, a lot of research has then been done.
However, certain areas are largely
not explored (de Leede 2014). Studies on the research of
women’s participation in terrorism are
lacking despite the estimations that 30% of the world's terrorists
are women.
Methods and Approaches in Counter Terrorism
In the world, countering terrorism has amounted to substantial
governments’ efforts.
Between 2001 and 2011, the US alone has allocated more than

51. $1 trillion. Various countries
have increased awareness on counterterrorism and have
embarked on assessing their
effectiveness (Beyer 2010). Measures, such as freezing the
assets of terrorists, have assisted in
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Women Terrorist
5
controlling the spread and action of terror groups. Apart from
the legal approaches, other
strategies to counter terrorism include hardening the targets of
terrorists, commanding and
controlling all security responses, damage mitigation, beefing
up local security, and ensuring that
medical services are adequate if such attacks take place.
Just like their male counterparts, women terrorists have
motivations to participate in the
vice. Although some of the motivations are common to both
genders, others are more specific to

52. women. Roles played by women in terror groups are almost
similar to those of male
counterparts. However, the latter stand a better chance of
successfully conducting terror attacks
as they are less suspected. In addition, their presence in terrorist
groups helps keep the men
composed. As the trend appears, the participation of women in
terror groups increases gradually.
From the research conducted, the confidence that terrorist group
leaders have on women has
increased (Hammond 2005). Thus, other women are forced to
join groups with conditional offers
and threats.
From the discussion, there are many reasons that motivate
women to support or join
terrorist groups. At times, a number of motivations combine in
the drive of females into
terrorism. Since some of them are very committed, they actively
participate in their roles and
lead successful terrors attacks. Such success is highly spread
through the media, which only
results in more participation of women in terror groups.

53. Nahed AlShehhi
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Women Terrorist
6
References
Alexander, Y & Finger, S 1977, Terrorism. 1st ed. New York:
John Jay Press.
Beyer, C 2010, Counterterrorism and international power
relations. 1st ed. London: Tauris
Academic Studies.
Blee, K 2005, ‘Women and organized racial terrorism in the
United States’. Studies in Conflict &
Terrorism, vol. 28, no. 5, pp.421-433.
de Leede, S 2014, Afghan women and the Taliban: An
exploratory assessment. ICCT Policy
Briefs.
Du Mont, R 2002, Defining terrorism. 1st ed. Newport, R.I.:
Naval War College.
Hammond, P 2005, Slavery, terrorism & Islam. 1st ed. Cape
Town, South Africa: Christian
Liberty Books.

54. ‘Fighting for God: Motivations and aims of religious terrorists’
2003. Terrorism and Political
Violence, vol. 15, no. 4, pp.190-201.
O'Kane, R 2007, Terrorism. 1st ed. Harlow: Pearson Longman.
Pedahzur, A 2006, Root causes of suicide terrorism. 1st ed. New
York: Routledge.
Pillar, P 2001, Terrorism and U.S. foreign policy. 1st ed.
Washington, D.C.: Brookings
Institution Press.
Order #163959553 Why Women Join Terrorist groups (18
pages, 0 slides)
Type of service:
Writing from scratch
Work type:
Research Paper
Deadline:
(24h)
Academic level:
Master's
Subject or Discipline:
Political science
Title:
Why Women Join Terrorist groups
Number of sources:
15

55. Provide digital sources used:
No
Paper format:
Other: Harvard
# of pages:
18
Spacing:
Double spaced
# of words:
4950
# of slides:
ppt icon 0
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Paper details:
1. Please follow the guideline for final research paper
2. I also upload a literature review of this topic it is the first
step of final research paper. But it is not include a research Qs
so you have to include a research question and focus on that
area with arguing that from different sources. also be sure it is
connected to research paper
3. The topic is about why women terrorist join terrorists groups,
the topic is broad so please focus on something specific.
4. This source is from our subject so have a look at it and it may
help to let you know what am talking about:
Center on Global Counterterrorism Cooperation. 2013.
The Roles of Women in Terrorism, Conflict and Violent
Extremism. Policy Brief.
5. Please note this is advance subject so the research paper
should be in advance level.
6. Please use books and academic sources and articles
7. Reminding the topic is about women terrorist, so please
discuss why women join terrorist group
Comments:
Discipline: Terrorism
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