Running head: ENVIRONMENTAL DEPENDENCY 1 ENVIRONMENTAL DEPENDENCY 2 Environmental Dependency Name Institution Professor Course Date Environmental Dependency The human race depends on the environment for survival. Every human being exerts an ecological footprint on nature. Based on my calculation, my ecological footprint is 4.6 and 6 for transport and carbon respectively. On a daily basis I consume almost two units of water. When such footprints are extrapolated to include all human beings on the planet, the emerging results are very troubling. It is simply unsustainable. There is need to conserve our environment for future posterity through a significant reduction our footprint (Turk & Bensel, 2014). Among the actions that can contribute towards the reduction of this footprints entails the use of clean energy sources. Energy saving cookers should be embraced in the preparation of meals to reduce the carbon footprint. This would reduce the amount of pressure imposed on energy sources that can easily be depleted like gas. In the transport sector, the footprint can be reduced through the adoption of public transport system (Marcus, 2016). This would ultimately reduce the number of private cars on our roads that contribute to pollution through emissions. Other efficient transport systems that are non-pollutant like bicycles should be encouraged to save our planet. Waste emanating from the households has been a source of major concern. The solution lies on families adopting smart shopping techniques that emphasize on the reuse of environmentally friendly shopping bags. Non-biodegradable shopping bags like plastics that have contributed to the waste menace should be abandoned. Families should learn to prepare adequate food quantities to prevent excessive wastages. Water consumption by household should be regulated through the adoption of strategies like switching off running water, reducing water wastage during bathing, washing or flushing of toilets. References Marcus, J. K. (2016). Environmental conservancy measures through ecological footprint reduction measures. Environmental Conservancy Journal. Turk, J., & Bensel, T. (2014). Contemporary environmental issues. Bridgepoint Education, San Diego, CA. #36181 Topic: sCI 207 Our Dependence upon the Environment Number of Pages: 2 (Double Spaced) Number of sources: 3 Writing Style: APA Type of document: Essay Academic Level:Undergraduate Category: Environmental Issues Language Style: English (U.S.) Order Instructions: Peer Review Assignment Submission This page will allow you to upload your previously completed Week 1 Assignment, "Sustainable Living Guide Contributions, Part 1 of 4: Sustaining Biodiversity and Ecosystems", for peer review. On this page you will, Upload and submit your Sustainable Living Guide Contributions, Part 1 of 4: Sustaining Biodiversity and Ecosystems assignment to the Peer Review Assignment Submissions by Day 2. After Day 2 passes,.

1. Running head: ENVIRONMENTAL DEPENDENCY 1
ENVIRONMENTAL DEPENDENCY 2
Environmental Dependency
Name
Institution
Professor
Course
Date
Environmental Dependency
The human race depends on the environment for survival.
Every human being exerts an ecological footprint on nature.
Based on my calculation, my ecological footprint is 4.6 and 6
for transport and carbon respectively. On a daily basis I
consume almost two units of water. When such footprints are
extrapolated to include all human beings on the planet, the
emerging results are very troubling. It is simply unsustainable.
There is need to conserve our environment for future posterity
through a significant reduction our footprint (Turk & Bensel,
2014). Among the actions that can contribute towards the
reduction of this footprints entails the use of clean energy
sources. Energy saving cookers should be embraced in the
preparation of meals to reduce the carbon footprint. This would
reduce the amount of pressure imposed on energy sources that

2. can easily be depleted like gas.
In the transport sector, the footprint can be reduced
through the adoption of public transport system (Marcus, 2016).
This would ultimately reduce the number of private cars on our
roads that contribute to pollution through emissions. Other
efficient transport systems that are non-pollutant like bicycles
should be encouraged to save our planet. Waste emanating from
the households has been a source of major concern. The solution
lies on families adopting smart shopping techniques that
emphasize on the reuse of environmentally friendly shopping
bags. Non-biodegradable shopping bags like plastics that have
contributed to the waste menace should be abandoned. Families
should learn to prepare adequate food quantities to prevent
excessive wastages. Water consumption by household should be
regulated through the adoption of strategies like switching off
running water, reducing water wastage during bathing, washing
or flushing of toilets.
References
Marcus, J. K. (2016). Environmental conservancy measures
through ecological footprint reduction measures. Environmental
Conservancy Journal.
Turk, J., & Bensel, T. (2014). Contemporary environmental
issues. Bridgepoint Education, San Diego, CA.
#36181 Topic: sCI 207 Our Dependence upon the Environment
Number of Pages: 2 (Double Spaced)
Number of sources: 3
Writing Style: APA
Type of document: Essay
Academic Level:Undergraduate

3. Category: Environmental Issues
Language Style: English (U.S.)
Order Instructions:
Peer Review Assignment Submission
This page will allow you to upload your previously completed
Week 1 Assignment, "Sustainable Living Guide Contributions,
Part 1 of 4: Sustaining Biodiversity and Ecosystems", for peer
review.
On this page you will,
Upload and submit your Sustainable Living Guide
Contributions, Part 1 of 4: Sustaining Biodiversity and
Ecosystems assignment to the Peer Review Assignment
Submissions by Day 2.
After Day 2 passes, return to this page to access the files of the
three classmates that you will be reviewing.
Use the Peer Review FormPreview the document to give quality
feedback to each of the three peers assigned to you using
separate forms for each review.
When you have completed your three peer reviews, upload each
of the completed forms as individual attachments in the

4. comments area of the Peer Review Assignment Submission page
so that your peers can receive your feedback.
THE TEMPLATE IS BELOW. I GOT 0 IN THE ONE OF THE
ASSIGNMENT I REQUESTED WHEN I SPECIFIC SAY
WHAT I CHOOSE.
SCI 207 - Peer Review Form
Week 2

5. DIRECTIONS:
The idea of this activity is to help your peer improve his or her
paper. After carefully reviewing your peer’s Week 1 Sustaining
Biodiversity and Ecosystems paper, answer the following
questions to provide feedback. What needs to be added, omitted,
or changed? Provide detailed feedback. Think of the feedback
that you would like to receive from others and offer a thorough
critique.
ORGANIZATION:
Paragraph Order: Are the paragraphs and ideas arranged in a
logical and clear order? If not, explain where ideas could be
reordered or clarified.
Paragraph Development: Does each body paragraph include a
topic sentence and consist of at least 5-7 well-crafted
sentences?

6. Indicate areas where the author needs to add supporting ideas
and evidence in the form of details, examples, statistics,
studies, or expert opinion.
CONTENT:
Overall: Did the author contribute his or her own ideas and
comments in the paper, or did the author just summarize the
material?
First Paragraph: Did the author state the term clearly and define
the term thoroughly, or could the definition be expanded?
Does the author indicate how the defined word ties into the
Week 1 theme?
Second Paragraph: Did the author explain how the term affects
living things and the physical world?
Did the author explain how the term relates to the challenge of
achieving environmental sustainability?
Did the author discuss if the term represents an obstacle to that
goal, or a technique or technology that promotes it?
Third + Additional Paragraphs: Did the author identify at least
two specific actions to promote environmental sustainability in

7. relation to this term? Indicate areas where the author could
improve upon or expand these ideas.
Did the author address actions on an individual, community,
national or global, and/or ballot box level? What possible
actions could the author add?
CITATIONS
Sources: Did the author incorporate at least two sources? How
would you evaluate the credibility of these sources?
APA: Did the author list all sources in a final references list? Is
this list formatted correctly?
Did the author use in-text citations to show where he or she
used the sources cited in the references list within the paper?
GRAMMAR & STYLE
Grammar and Spelling: Are there any grammatical or spelling
errors that you noticed in the paper? Describe a few of these
issues (if any).
Style: Is the writing clear throughout the paper? Note any
unclear ideas or sentences here.
Is the writing style academic and professional in tone, or is the

8. language too casual?
FINAL COMMENTS?
Offer a few final comments about the paper. Offer a positive
comment about the paper. What is working?
What could the author do to improve the paper that wasn’t
addressed in the questions above?
1) Week 1 Assignment
Sustainable Living Guide Contributions, Part One of Four:
Sustaining Biodiversity and Ecosystems
Your Term: Extinction
The term extinction is defined as the act of making extinct or
causing to be extinguished. I define it in relation to this class as
the process of a species being eradicated due to environmental
changes caused by outside sources.
This term is the ultimate end of a living species. It can have
massive consequences to an environment if a species that the
environment depends on is eliminated. When it comes to

9. sustainability, extinction of a species can totally throw off how
that environment exists. I know we are finding out that certain
overly fished species are in danger of being fished to extinction
if we do not find sustainable ways to collect them.
One of the best ways to support sustainability in order to
prevent extinction is buying food that is certified sustainable.
That can be organic vegetables, sustainable seafood or land
animal and educating yourself on your environment.
2) Week 2 Peer Review
Sustainable Living Guide Contributions, Part One of Four:
Sustaining Biodiversity and Ecosystems
Bridgetta Webb
SCI 207: Our Dependence Upon the Environment
Professor Selhorst
January 8th,2019
Half Earth Project
On April 22nd of every year the United States celebrates a
holiday aptly named “Earth Day.” On this day patrons around
America put forth an extra effort to sustain our environment.
Scientists around the world began embarking on a year round

10. conservation and continuous project in accordance with Earth
Day, named the Half Earth Project. This projects goals is to
ensure that half of our Earth would be conserved in order to
protect the Earth’s natural resources of land and water, wildlife,
and biosphere to include human life. This project expands
across the globe. Using sophisticated data analysis and current
technology the scientists involved can locate where the most
conservation of species and land is able to incur. It has been
calculated that if 90% of the Earth’s habitat is removed, the
number of species that can persist sustainably will descend to
about a half. (Half Earth Project,2018) By conserving 50% of
our global surface, the fraction of species protected will be
85%, or more. At one-half and above, life on Earth enters the
safe zone.(Half Earth Project,2018)
This project enables scientists to conserve areas of land and
ocean, thus sustaining the biosphere and the wildlife
species.(Our Planets Fight,2019) This project helps achieve
environmental sustainability by progressively taking action to
protect the inhabitants to include humans, in order to achieve a
long-term environment capable of handling projected human
growth and protecting our Earth from over usage of resources.
The term Half Earth Project promotes awareness to citizens by
symbolizing the goals of protecting half of the earth’s surface.
This creates an image in the mind of individuals of how vast the
conservation practices must be in order to sustain our current
way of life for the future generations. By using the term Half
Earth Project, it provides a visual for citizens in order to show
the impact of continued unsustainable actions and allows them
to think progressively towards the future.
In order to support sustainability of our globe, there are
multiple actions we can take as individuals. Small changes such
as conserving our daily water usage impacts our environmental
footprint, thus enabling the conservation of larger bodies of
water and their natural inhabitants. Providing a natural

11. biosphere within our own land (such as a backyard) instead of
using building materials promotes the biodiversity of wildlife
and the production of local wildlife population growth. In the
community providing sources to recycle goods such as a
recycling program with pick up, and the use of sustainable
energy sources such as solar panels or windmills for energy
help promote the project by using a decreased amount of area
resources. Providing funding from national and global
organizations in order to promote further research and providing
laws that protect natural sanctuaries and wildlife refuges
increases our chances to build a sustainable Earth. As
individuals by voting for increased environmental protections
and government officials who realize the impact, we as a
society have on our Earth, we further promote sustainable
practices and ecological advances in order to pave the way for
future generations.
References
Discover Half-Earth | Half-Earth Project. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://www.half-earthproject.org/discover-half-earth/#why-half
Half-Earth: Our Planet's Fight for Life. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://eowilsonfoundation.org/half-earth-our-planet-s-fight-for-
life/

12. 3) Week 1 Assignment Template
Sustainable Living Guide Contributions, Part One of Four:
Sustaining Biodiversity and Ecosystems
Your Term: Food Web
A food web is combined with many different food chains.
Although a food web and a food chain are similar, they are still
very different. A food webs allows the world to see the many
different pathways that both plants and animals are connected.
Inside the food web, it demonstrates several diverse feeding
relationships that occurs within our ecosystem. The food web
play an important role in the ecosystem because it shows a
sequence in what animal or insect eats green plants, and what
larger animals eat smaller animals and so forth. Food web
relates to this week learning theme by showing how the food
web and the ecosystem connects.
The weather outside affects the world as a whole in many
different places. For example, some animals have to live in
colder weather while others need warmer weather. “Food webs
are an integral part of every ecosystem on the planet, yet
understanding the mechanisms shaping these complex networks
remains a major challenge” (Borst et al, 2018). According to the
University of Michigan, ever living organism depend on one
another for food (University, n.d.). Organisms in food webs
come together into groups called trophic levels. According to
research, the food web is biodiversity and sustainability. In fact,

13. the food web is more sustainable due to its high diversity.
Sustainability is the skill to sustain something over a period of
time. By the food web having a lot of biodiversity the
ecosystem contribute to the sustainability. The food web has
many different varieties of species, insects, and even green
plants that shows what eats what and what is eaten by what.
According to Holmgren, Johnston, and Spolarich, food webs are
based upon the flow of energy and matter from one organism
(Holmgren, Johnston, & Spolarich, 2018). The article also states
that “food webs keep living organisms in balance” (Holmgren,
Johnston, & Spolarich, 2018).
One action we can take to promote environmental sustainability
in relation to the food web is take meat production off the
eliminating products that endanger our wildlife animals. When
products are endangered and they are made from animals no
open market can sell those products. We can also make wiser
choices when it comes to water. By eliminating bottle water. We
can preserve water by shortening our showers, having low flow
appliances, and even many other things that obtain water within
our home. What we can do is stop using bottle waters. Not only
are they cost efficient, but the bottles end up in the streams with
our species. So we can all try in our daily lives to stop using
the. In our community if we see bottles, or even Styrofoam
containers pick them up, so that they’re not harming our
species.
Instructions: In the third paragraph;
References
Borst, A. C. W., Verberk, W. C. E. P., Angelini, C., Schotanus,
J., Wolters, J.-W., Christianen, M. J. A., … van der Heide, T.
(2018). Foundation species enhance food web complexity

14. through non-trophic facilitation. PLoS ONE, 13(8), 1–15.
https://doi-org.proxy-
library.ashford.edu/10.1371/journal.pone.0199152
Holmgren, W., Johnston, M., & Spolarich, A. (2018, March).
Food Chains and Food Webs - Balance within Natural Systems -
Lesson. Retrieved from
https://www.teachengineering.org/lessons/view/van_biomimicry
_less2
Michigan, U. (n.d.). Home. Retrieved from
http://www.miseagrant.umich.edu/lessons/lessons/by-broad-
concept/life-science/food-chains-and-webs/
CMST&220 – Chapter Concept Reading Notes 3 Chapters 9 &
11
and Late Policy
To get us started in reading the chapter material and prepare us
for the Class Discussions you are being asked to do Chapter
Notes for some of the assigned reading chapters. You can do
these freehand or by using a software that can help you create
the visual map of your reading.
Part 1: Each map should be ORGANIZED to include the
following areas:
· Key ideas (hint: major section headings are a good place to
start)
· Terms/vocabulary—include the definition (hint: usually
bolded in the text)
· Examples from the text
· Your experiences or learning around this topic
More detailed maps and thorough receive higher scores.
Part 2: As you complete the assigned Chapter Notes answer the

15. following questions:
1. What were some vocabulary words that you would like to
understand more clearly?
2. What surprised you in the readings?
3. What examples in your life from your experience with the
Public Square do you have of these concepts or particular
concepts that you found interesting or relevant?
4. What confused you or made you want to find out more?
When you have completed your reading notes answer these four
questions in detail on another paper and bring it to class.
Part 3 Additional Pre Activity for class:
At this point you have an approved central idea for your speech.
You should now be doing research and be ready to create your
Informative Speech Outline using the concepts and ideas from
this chapter. From your research so far, create one possible
Main Point (claim) with evidence from your sources so far.
Bring this to class with you for discussion
You only need to provide one main point with supporting
evidence which shows that you are beginning to create the
development of your ideas for your speech.
There are a number of ways to construct a Concept Map. Check
out these links to see which way most fits you.

16. · This is a free online concept mapping tool that uses Google
Drive: http://blog.mindmup.com/
· Another free download: http://www.xmind.net/
· Another free tool for either Windows or Macs:
http://www.mindmaple.com/Benefits/Education/
Of course, you can also do a freehand concept map (especially
if you are artistically inclined). Remember: color is important in
aiding your recall of the material so…be colorful, use images or
whatever else will help you remember what you read.
Late Policy: Life often gets in the way of study. To
accommodate that, four our class you have 3 Late Passes as
noted in the syllabus (the full description of this policy is
there). Bring the printed/hard copy of the Chapter Concept
reading notes on the day it is due on time for class (you must
print it before class). If you take notes on the chapter but do not
answer the four questions you will receive 8 possible points (if
it is not detailed it will be much lower)
You will receive 10 points for a completed map (answering the
questions and covering the chapter(s) assigned) and your
presence in class for discussion.
A. If you show up without your map because you did not finish
the map or did not do the work. You can use a Late Pass and
you will receive 10 points if submitted by the end within the
four day deadline.
B. If you miss class for any reason or use a Late Pass and turn
the map in within four days and you will receive 8 points.