- The publishing, management, and interoperating of KOS for the Semantic Web. Content: 1. Value vocabularies in the Linked Data Hub – CKAN The Data Hub 2. Semantic assets registries 2a. Asset Description Metadata Schema (ADMS) 2b. DCMI Application Profile for KOS Resource 3. Thesaurus data model (ISO 25964) and alignment with SKOS (presented at ASIS&T 2012 Annual Conference)

1. The state of KOS in the
Linked Data movement
– the publishing,
management, and
interoperating of KOS
for the Semantic Web
Marcia Zeng
ASIS&T 2012 Annual Meeting
Oct. 2012, Baltimore

2. 1. Value vocabularies in the Linked Data
Hub – CKAN The Data Hub
2. Semantic assets registries
 Asset Description Metadata Schema
(ADMS)
 DCMI Application Profile for KOS
Resource
3. Thesaurus data model and alignment
with SKOS

3. 1. Value Vocabularies
in The Data Hub of
CKAN
http://thedatahub.org/

4. The Data Hub of CKAN (3880 datasets）
• Most notable: Linking Open Data (LOD) group, now
has 327 dataset (2012-10) while the cloud showed
295 (2011-09)
• Other groups see: http://ckan.net/group.
• Including:
• Library Linked Data Group:
（ 57 datasets, mostly link to non-library
datasets）
• Bibliographic Data group（89 datasets）
• Other groups cover almost every areas, big or
small
Available formats：
CSV | RDF | XML | XBRL | SDMX | HTML+RDFa | other
LOD Cloud group
327 datasets

5. Linking Open Data -- dataset cloud (as of 2011-09, dataset: 295)
Including some
value
vocabularies:
• lists,
• dictionaries,
• name
authorities,
• classification
schemes,
• subject
headings,
• thesauri,
• ontologies
• vocabulary
registries
http://richard.cyganiak.de/2007/10/lod/

6. Searching the Data Hub, found over 300
datasets that are value vocabularies or contain
a component of value vocabularies,
Including many
value
vocabularies: "Bioportal"
• lists, found 245
• dictionaries, "vocabularies"
mostly ontologies of
• name found 131
specific domains
authorities,
• classification Exclude 11
also tagged as
schemes, 'structured
120 (various types)
• subject vocabulary"
headings,
• thesauri,
• ontologies
• vocabulary
registries

7. Linked Open Vocabularies
– Subject Vocabularies, Value
Lists
http://id.loc.gov/

8. human-readable
Example: a LCSH entry
at http://id.loc.gov/

9. human-readable
can be
viewed/downloaded in
these formats

10. machine-understandable
Concept
Preferred
label
Alternative
labels

11. Broader
and
narrower
concepts
Matched
concepts in
other
vocabularies

12. Another way
to express
alternative
labels
(SKOS, not
SKOSXL)

13. Concepts --------------------------  Labels
SKOS (Core)
- labels are
properties
of Concept
SKOS +
SKOSXL
- 'Label'
is a Class

15.  DCMI Application Profile for KOS
Resource
 NKOS Task Group
 Asset Description Metadata
Schema (ADMS)
 EU-ISA Programme ADMS WG

16. Unlike many of the published works, almost all
KOS resources need to be continuously developed
to maintain their usability.
In addition to micro-level updates, new versions
with a significant amount of changes may be
regularly released.
The later versions of a KOS scheme are usually
based on previous ones, fully or partially, while
the authorship may also change.

17. KOS are usually not developed or used in
isolation.
Translation, reuse, mapping, re-
alignments, and derivation of the whole
KOS, or a segment are common.
Formats: the content of a thesaurus or a
classification scheme is usually stored in
databases, with available outputs in multiple formats.

19. W
Work
E
Expre
ssion
M
manifes-
tations
The Entities and Relationships

20. Started a FRBR-based general model for
application profiles (@ DC2010)
Did surveys of terminology registries
Common attributes used in eight registries
Analyzed use scenarios and user tasks according
to FRBR + FRSAD models
Proposed a domain model for KOS Resource
Description and Access

21. A proposed
domain model
for KOS
Resource
Description
and Access

22. Final verification of attributes and
relationships
Alignment of the core attributes and
relationships with DCMI terms
Templates for describing KOS
resources in registries
Testing
http://wiki.dublincore.org/index.php
/DCMI_NKOS_Task_Group

23. - created by EU's Interoperability Solutions for
European Public Administrations (ISA) Programme of
the European Commission
- Working group includes 43 people of 20 EU Member
States 2 from the US and Australia
- Released April, 2012.
- Namespace on W3C: http://www.w3.org/ns/adms

24. highly reusable metadata
(e.g. xml schemata, generic data
models)
and/or reference data
(e.g. code
lists, taxonomies, dictionaries, thesau
ri, ontologies, etc.)
- ADMS is a metadata vocabulary to describe
semantic interoperability assets.

25. The Asset Description Metadata Schema (ADMS)
- a common way to describe semantic interoperability
assets making it possible for everyone to search and
discover them once shared through the forthcoming
federation of asset repositories.
Visit ADMS home:
http://joinup.ec.europa.eu/asset/adms/home
Notable users since its publishing in April, 2012:
 W3C's TR (Technical reports) Space
http://www.w3.org/2012/06/tr2adms/
 PoolParty Thesaurus Manager
 W3C’s Government Linked Data WG

27. ISO 25964: Thesauri and interoperability with other
vocabularies
Part 1: Thesauri for information retrieval
 Published Aug. 2011
 Covers monolingual and multilingual thesauri
 Part 2: Interoperability with other vocabularies
 To be published in 2012, in press now
 Covers mapping between thesauri and other
types of vocabulary
28

28. 29
Dextre Clarke and Zeng, 2012. http://www.niso.org/publications/isq/2012/v24no1/clarke/

29. 30

30. ISO 25964 data model <-&->SKOS
The ISO 25964 data model is broadly compatible with SKOS
Greater compatibility awaits SKOS extension to allow for:
- version history
- compound equivalence among terms
- use of concept group and of array
- custom extensions
- specific properties of concepts, terms, notes and
thesaurus that are not covered in SKOS
This and the following 6 slides are based on "Exchanging ISO
25964-1 thesauri data using RDF, SKOS and SKOS-XL"
Presented by Johan De Smedt, NKOS Workshop 2012 at TPDL
https://www.comp.glam.ac.uk/pages/research/hypermedia/
31
nkos/nkos2012/programme2012.html

31. Purpose: Provide a reference framework facilitating
integration and data exchange of ISO 25964 thesaurus data
using RDF as a representation language
Approach: Minimal extensions are made, using SKOS, SKOS-
XL and Dublin Core where possible
Contributors:
ISO TC46 WG 8 - 25964WG:
• Stella Dextre Clarke, Jutta Lindenthal, Marcia Lei Zeng,
Johan De Smedt, Douglas S. Tudhope, Leonard Will
Antoine Isaac: Co-Editor of SKOS Primer and MADS/SKOS
mapping

32. Methodology and Levels of representation
compliance
Always align with the specified SKOS and SKOS-XL
semantics
• SKOS and SKOS-XL semantics are a top level agreement for sharing
KOS information
oSKOS:
Not requiring label relations
Limited concept relationships
oSKOS-XL
Simple label relations
Keep with the iso-25964 proposed extensions patterns
• Compound and simple label relationships, thesaurus
evolution, arrays, groups, notes and facets

33. Extracted from the table Full table at: http://www.niso.org/schemas/iso25964/
http://www.niso.org/schemas/iso25964/corresponden
cesSKOS/
ISO-25964 SKOS/SKOS-XL/extension Remark
ThesaurusConcept skos:Concept
- status iso-thes:status Proposed extension
- isPartOf (Thesaurus) skos:inScheme
- notation skos:notation The datatype of the notation
range is set to distinguish
different types of notations
ThesaurusConcept[ Has special attribute mapping
topConcept=true] (see next 2 rows)
- isPartOf (Thesaurus) skos:topConceptOf
- isTopConceptOf Not explicitly mapped. sub-properties of
(TopLevelRelationship) The relationship may be skos:narrowerTransitive
derived (see remark) having the same domain as
skos:topConceptOf

34. Extracted
ISO-25964 SKOS/SKOS-XL/extension Remark
ThesaurusTerm - rdf:PlainLiteral - preferred simple mapping
- xl:Label - extended mapping to
handle label relationships
PreferredTerm iso-thes:PreferredTerm The restriction of xl:Label to
the range of xl:prefLabel is
only required for expressing
label relations (see
ConpoundEquivalence)
(ThesaurusConcept) - skos:prefLabel
hasPreferredLabel - xl:prefLabel
(PreferredTerm)
CustomTermAttribute requires xl:Label mapping The property name depends
custom RDF property on the customAttributeType
[customAttributeType]

35. Example: ThesaurusArray
- view in ISO Data Model (example – not ordered )
ThesaurusConcept
cups
hasSubordinateArray ThesaurusArray hasMemberConcept
<cups by form>
HierarchicalRelationship (role=NT) ThesaurusConcept ThesaurusConcept
tumblers stemware
HierarchicalRelationship (role=NT)
hasSubordinateArray hasMemberConcept
ThesaurusArray
<cups by function>
HierarchicalRelationship (role=NT) ThesaurusConcept ThesaurusConcept
coffee cups icecream cups
HierarchicalRelationship (role=NT)
images from wikipedia

36. Example: ThesaurusArray
- view in extended SKOS (example – not ordered )
ThesaurusConcept
cups
hasSubordinateArray skos:member
ThesaurusArray
<cups by form>
skos:narrower skos:Concept skos:Concept
tumblers stemware
skos:narrower
hasSubordinateArray skos:member
ThesaurusArray
<cups by function>
skos:narrower
skos:Concept skos:Concept
coffee cups icecream cups
skos:narrower
images from wikipedia

37. "Exchanging ISO 25964-1 thesauri data using RDF, SKOS and SKOS-XL"
Presented by Johan De Smedt, NKOS Workshop 2012 at TPDL
https://www.comp.glam.ac.uk/pages/research/hypermedia/nkos/nkos2012/p
rogramme2012.html
Correspondence between ISO 25964 and SKOS/SKOS-XL models [PDF file]
http://www.niso.org/schemas/iso25964/
The Data Hub.
http://thedatahub.org/
LC Linked Data Service- Vocabularies and authorities.
http://id.loc.gov/
DCMI NKOS Task Group wiki.
http://wiki.dublincore.org/index.php/DCMI_NKOS_Task_Group
ADMS home page.
http://joinup.ec.europa.eu/asset/adms/home