Mems and Nems.ppt

1. RAHUL
DHAMEJA
3. YASHIKA
BHATIA
SHMIT
GROUP MEMBERS
SHMIT- S.H.Mansukhani Institute Of Technology,Ulhasnagar-3
2. KSHITIJ
KULKARNI

Contents
 Purpose
 Introduction to Grid Computing & Drug Discovery
 Drug Dispensing using MEMS & NEMS
 Integration of Grid Computing and MEMS
 Implementation and Application of Drug Development
Grid
 MEMS and Network of Computer
 Medical & Health care with the help of Grid Computing in
India
 Conclusion
 References

Purpose
The primary focus of this presentation is
to how Grid computing can be used to
design and implement the process of
Drug Discovery and Dispensing by
continuously monitoring the person with
the help of MEMS and NEMS.

Grid Computing
 Grid computing (Foster and Kesselman, 1999) is a
growing technology that facilitates the executions of
large-scale resource intensive applications on
geographically distributed computing resources.
 Grid computing is a form of Distributed computing
whereby a "super and virtual computer" is composed of
a cluster of networked, loosely coupled computers,
acting in concert to perform very large tasks.

Working Of Grid Computing
Courtesy: http://www.slideshare.net/RichaChaudhary2/grid-computing-ppt-14948003

 Drug discovery is a process that can take as many as
years from the day first drug discovered in the
laboratory until the actual drug which can be used, is
brought to market.
 Drug discovery is the process through which potential
new medicines are identified. It involves a wide range of
scientific disciplines, including biology, chemistry and
pharmacology.
Drug Discovery

Process of Drug discovery
Courtesy: http://www.intechopen.com/books/tuberculosis-current-issues-in-diagnosis-and-
management/research-and-development-of-new-drugs-against-tuberculosis
Efficacy – The ability to produce a desired or intended result.

Drug Dispensing using MEMS & NEMS
 In the field of controlled and sustained drug delivery, the
translation of semiconductor technology into producing Micro-
electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) and microfluidic lab-on-
chip biomedical systems has enabled the field of point of care
medicine to grow leaps and bounds.
 More recently MEMS technology has been widely employed in
generating platforms for use in tissue engineering, drug
delivery, diagnostic, and therapeutic applications.

MEMS, or Micro-Electro-
Mechanical Systems, are
tiny chips that can be
produced by semiconductor
processes to combine
mechanical sensing, control
and motion to solid state
electronics to deliver
extraordinary functionality
and versatility.
Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems(MEMS)
Courtesy: https://www.blendspace.com/lessons/WWwCpNw9OdO1vQ/chapter-7-
mems-technology

Integration of Grid Computing and MEMS
 Architecture
Aim of Drug Discovery Grid is to build a collaboration platform
using which drug discovery can be implemented.
 Grid platform
Since its Grid computing, it involves supercomputers,
clusters, and PCs owned by universities, research labs, and
companies. These resources are centrally managed by IT
professionals, are powered on most of the time, and are
connected by full-time, high-bandwidth network links.

Integration of Grid Computing and MEMS
 Drug Development Grid is build on the existing Grid
technologies and tools for performing data intensive
computing on distributed resources.
 Module in which Drug Development Grid is
implemented. Drug Development Grid mainly contains
four major components of Modules:
• Front End
• Access Node
• Compute Client and
• Applications

 In the medical field, MEMS are implanted in body parts
such as the heart, brain and other parts that are difficult to
diagnose or study, and their implementation are used to
prevent diseases like cancer, cardiovascular diseases, lupus
and others.
 Application of MEMS in Automobile:
• Crash Sensing for Airbag Control
• Antitheft Systems
• Electronic Parking Brake Systems
• Vehicle Navigation Systems
Application of MEMS

 (a) microelectronic circuit and
 (b) micromedical equipment.
MEMS used in the medical applications
Fig (a) Fig(b)
Courtesy: http://www.intechopen.com/books/air-quality-new-perspective/microscopy-and-
spectroscopy-analysis-of-mems-corrosion-used-in-the-electronics-industry-of-the-baja-

Tiny wireless chip and miniaturized glucose sensor embedded between two layers
of soft contact lens material Accurate glucose monitoring for diabetics using bodily
fluids, i.e. tears Prototypes can generate one reading per second Experimenting
with LEDs to serve as early warning for the wearer Smart Contact Lens GoogleX.
Courtesy: www.memsindustrygroup.org

Electronic pill to treat gastrointestinal cancer An ingestible pill is swallowed by the
patient, finds its way to the tumor, dispenses the drugs and passes harmlessly from
the body Smart pill contains reservoir for drug supply, fluid pump for drug delivery,
pH sensor (for navigation), thermometer, microprocessor and radio for
communication.

Micropump devices based on skin contact actuation for drug delivery Actuation
mechanism only requires body heat, no other external power Induced actuation can
result to a gradient of 100 Pa/oC, sufficient to drive liquid drug through microneedle
arrays Prototypes exhibit low fabrication costs, employment of biocompatible materials
and battery-less operation Suitable for single- or multiple-use transdermal drug
dispensers Microneedle Drug DeliverySystem.

Tiny, implantable device for instantaneous blood analysis Wireless data
transmission to a doctor Applications include monitoring general health, and
tailor drug delivery to a patient’s unique needs Includes five sensors and a
radio transmitter Powered via inductive coupling from a battery patch worn
outside the body 18.

MEMS redefines endoscopy with “Lab on a Pill” Size : 35mm Components of lab on
a pill Digital camera (CMOS Technology) Light source Battery Radio transmitter
Sensors (MEMS Technology).
CMOS-Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor ASIC- Application Specific Integrated Circuit
Courtesy: www.memsinvestorjournal.com/medicalapplications/smartpill

 An "artificial pancreas" implementation of an integrated
therapeutic system would improve diabetes management. The tools
of microfabrication technology, information science, and systems
biology are being combined to design increasingly sophisticated
drug delivery systems that promise to significantly improve medical
care.
 Today many companies are developing devices with this
technology, for monitoring patients with heart and cancerian
conditions, and also utilized as a prototype chip to test for the
presence of substances such as viruses or diseases like flu.
Examples of MEMS technology used for Human Medical Treatments

 An important new application for MEMS devices is in fiber optic
networks. At the micron level, MEMS-based switches route light from
one fiber to another.
 Such an approach enables a truly photonic (completely light-
based) network of voice and data traffic, since switching no longer
requires conversion of light signals into digital electronic signals and
then back to optical.
MEMS and Network of Computer

 Micromirrors:
photonic/Optical
communications
Micromirros are responsible
for development of network
of MEMS. Micromirrors are
the fundamental micro-
mechanical component for
optical crossconnect switches
that switch light frequencies
from one set of fibers to
another.

MEMS switches include both
mechanical and microfluidic.
Mechanical switches, which
currently seem to offer the most
reliable and flexible approach,
are based on an array of
micromachined mirrors that
range in quantity from hundreds
to thousands on a single chip.

 The Main Monitoring
Centre also called the
Garuda Monitoring and
Mananagement Centre is
set up at C-DAC
Knowledge Park,
Bangalore. From this
point, the whole grid
which has now extended
even into Europe is
Monitored and Managed
by C-DAC's young
scientists.
 The Foundation phase
GARUDA will be based on
stable version of GT4.
http://www.isgtw.org/visualization/isgtw-
image-week-indias-national-grid-
computing-initiative

CONCLUSION
 This resource can be used for solving large-scale compute and
data intensive problems. Several supercomputers and computer
clusters located in different location of India as the initiative taken
by GARUDA project.
 MEMS and NEMS can be used to monitor the health of patient
by making photonic/optical network.
 And Finally proper doses to be dispensed to the person under
treatment. This integration of technology will improve the health
status of the person due to which our country will be benefited.

REFERENCES
[1] Drug Discovery Grid- Wenju Zhang, Jun Zhang, Yan
Chang, Shudong Chen, Xuefeng Du, Fei Liu, Fanyuan Ma,
Jianhua Shen Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai,
200030 Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203 JIANGNAN Institute
of Computing Technology, Wuxi, 214083
[2] MEMS and NEMS Packing –ZFM-Dr-;ng.Maik Wiemer
[3] Automated Medication Dispensing Device Chapter11 -
Michael D. Murray, PharmD, MPH
Purdue University School of Pharmacy
[4] What are MEMS and NEMS –
[5] Grid Talk - Grid Computing Briefings - GridTalk is co-funded
by the EC under FP7

[6] OPN Lightwave micromachines for optical networks:
Vast promise amid vaster promises E. L. Goldstein, L.
Y. Lin, and J. A. Walker
Tellium, 2 Crescent Place, Oceanport, NJ 07757 USA
[7] http://www.allaboutmems.com/memsapplications.html
[8] MEMS IN MEDICINE Ken Gilleo, Ph.D.ET-Trends LLC
Warwick, RI
[9] MEMS and NEMS Christopher Hierold, ETH Zurich, Micro
and Nanosystems Tannenstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich,
Switzerland
[10] http://www.garudaindia.in/html/about_garuda.aspx
[11] Grid Computing in Research andEducation- Luis Ferreira,
Fabiano Lucchese Tomoari Yasuda, Chin Yau Lee
Carlos Alexandre Queiroz Elton Minetto, Antonio Mungioli-
ibm.com/redboo
REFERENCES

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