ICT Grade 10

1. INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGY
Chapter 1 – Part 1
Conducted by
Manjula Fernando
B.Sc.(Hons) in Information Technology, SLIIT
Former Software Engineer , hSenid Business Solutions Pvt(Ltd)
Software Quality Assurance Engineer, hSenid Business Solutions Pvt(Ltd)
Former Visiting Lecturer (HND Courses) , IDM Computer Studies Pvt(Ltd)

2. In this chapter you will learn
How to identify data and information
What is a System
The systems we come across in our day to day activities
Characteristics of quality information
Information and Communication Technology
Applications of Information and Communication Technology
Evolution of the computer
Conducted by Manjula Fernando - B.Sc.(Hons) in Information Technology, SLIIT
2 Information and Communication
Technology

3. What is DATA
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Information and Communication Technology
DATA
Weight
Price
Costs
No of
Items
Marks
Measurements

4. What is DATA
The numbers, words, images and symbols which do not
bear a meaning, when standing alone are called data.
Data is an individual unit that contains raw material which
does not carry any specific meaning.
It is useless if take alone.
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Information and Communication Technology

5. What is DATA
 There are two types of data
 Qualitative Data
It is the non-numerical data.
For eg., texture of the skin, colour of eyes, etc.
 Quantitative Data
Quantitative data is given in numbers.
Data in the form of questions such as “how much”, “how
many”, gives the quantitative data.
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6. What is INFORMATION
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Information and Communication Technology
DATA DATA DATA
Processing
Information

7. What is INFORMATION
 Information is data that has been converted into a more useful or intelligible form.
 It is the set of data that has been organized for direct utilization of mankind, as
information helps human beings in their decision making process.
 Examples are: Time Table, Merit List, Report card, Headed tables, printed documents,
pay slips, receipts, reports etc.
 The information is obtained by assembling items of data into a meaningful form.
 For example, marks obtained by students and their roll numbers form data,
 the report card/sheet is the .information.
 pay-slips, schedules, reports, worksheet, bar charts, invoices and account returns etc.
 It may be noted that information may further be processed and/or operated to form
knowledge.
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Information and Communication Technology

8. DATA vs INFORMATION
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Information and Communication Technology

9. DATA vs INFORMATION
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Information and Communication Technology

10. DATA vs INFORMATION
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Information and Communication Technology

11. DATA vs INFORMATION
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Information and Communication Technology
Birth month and the date

12. DATA vs INFORMATION
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Data Information
Data is fast Processed from data
May of may not be meaningful Always meaningful
Input to any system may be treated as
data
Output after processing system is
information.
Understanding is difficult Understanding is easy
Data may not be in order Information should be in order.
Eg: survey data Eg: Registration data
Information and Communication Technology

13. Further reading
 http://www.teach-
ict.com/as_a2_ict_new/ocr/AS_G061/311_data_info_knowledge/data_info_knowledge/the
ory_data_info_know.html
 http://tutor2u.net/business/ict/intro_business_information.htm
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14. Information System
 Earlier, man used to process data using a pen, pencil or other devices.
Conducted by Manjula Fernando - B.Sc.(Hons) in Information Technology, SLIIT
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15. Information System
 But today the computer has become man’s data processor.
Conducted by Manjula Fernando - B.Sc.(Hons) in Information Technology, SLIIT
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16. Information System
 A system is a combination of components that work
together to fulfil a task.
 Submitting data for processing is called “Input” and the result
we get after processing is called “Output.”
 We can call the collection of all these components above a
“Information System.”
 Storing data is an important task in information system. In
some occasions, both input and stored data are used to
obtain information.
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17. Information System
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Submitting Data Process and Storage data
Giving out the required
information
Input
Processing Output

18. Information System
 According to the above figure,
 computer processes the data that we input,
 according to the commands and provide us with the required information in
the desired form.
Therefore, we call the computer is an ‘ Information System’.
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19. Information System
 We all use such sysytems in our day today activities. What are those…?
 Eg 1. Automated Teller Machine (ATM)
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When the bank ATM card
is inserted to ATM
machine, data is processed
and information regarding
the account is given.

20. Information System
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21. Information System
 Finger Print Machines – to record the attendance of employees
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22. Information System
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23. Barcode or Bar Code
 A barcode or bar code is a method of representing data in a visual, machine-
readable form.
 Initially, barcodes represented data by varying the widths and spacing of
parallel lines.
 These barcodes, now commonly referred to as linear or one-dimensional
(1D), can be scanned by special optical scanners, called barcode readers.
 They are used in retail stores as part of the purchase process, in warehouses
to track inventory, and on invoices to assist in accounting, among many
other uses.
 The barcode was invented by Norman Joseph Woodland and Bernard Silver
and patented in the US in 1951
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Information System

24. Conducted by Manjula Fernando - B.Sc.(Hons) in Information Technology, SLIIT
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Information System

25. QR Code
 to find information
 After scanning the QR code by a smart phone and connecting to the internet,
further information can be obtained from the website of the relevant item.
 QR code is used in newspapers, magazines and selling items.
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Information System

26. QR Code
 What is a QR Code
 A QR code (Quick Response code) is a type of matrix barcode (or
two-dimensional barcode) first designed in 1994 for the automotive
industry in Japan.
 A barcode is a machine-readable optical label that contains
information about the item to which it is attached.
 In practice, QR codes often contain data for a locator, identifier, or
tracker that points to a website or application.
 A QR code uses four standardized encoding modes (numeric,
alphanumeric, byte/binary, and kanji) to store data efficiently.
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Information System

27. QR Code - Examples
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Information System

28. Processing business
information
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Information System
DATA
Processing Data
Information
Making
decision

29. Information System
 According to all the above,
 A computer or computerized equipment is used to process the data and we
make decisions based on the information we get as output.
 We understand that we can get information by processing data and this
information can be used to arrive at decisions.
 However, not all information is suitable for making decisions.
 Information obtained should be of good quality.
 There are many characteristics of quality information.
 A few of them are given
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30. Quality of information
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It should be applicable.
Eg: It is not needed to submit all the academic information
from Grade 1 onwards, when the requirement is to submit
only the highest educational qualification.
Taking information from only a small group of people in order to arrive at the
PCI (Per Capital Income) of a country is not sufficient.
Incomplete information could lead to drawing wrong conclusions.
It should be targetive.
If a doctor gets wrong information about the patient’s
health, it could be harmful to the patient.
Relevancy
Completeness
Accuracy
Information System

31. Quality of information
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The information must always be updated.
Today’s weather
report may not be suitable to decide on tomorrow's
weather.
Timeliness
It should relevant to the budget.
If an organization spends money more than the profits to collect some
information in order to increase profits, it would be a business loss to the
organization.
Cost Effectiveness
Information System

32. Summary
 What is Data?
 What is Information?
 Different between Data and Information.
 Information System
 What is an Information System
 Examples for it
 Quality of an Information System
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33. Homework
 Write down the note.
 Explore in the internet what are the Information systems further.
 And do the Exercises 1
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34. Information and Communication Technology
 Exchanging the information among different people or among different systems,
it is called communication of information.
 Man has been processing and exchanging information since ancient times with
having many difficulties and problems in data communication.
 But today it has become an easy task with the advancement of technology.
 Today, technology is used in various ways to convert data into information and
then to exchange them.
 This is called Information and Communication Technology (ICT).
Conducted by Manjula Fernando - B.Sc.(Hons) in Information Technology, SLIIT
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35. Applications of Information and Communication
Technology
Today, you could hardly come
across any person or a place
that does not use information
and communication technology
in day to day activities
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36. E-Government
(Electronic Government)
 Electronic government (or e-Government) is the application of
Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) to government
functions and procedures with the purpose of increasing efficiency,
transparency and citizen participation.
 communication with its citizens, companies, Government and Non-Government
Organizations and with other Governments (of different countries) using ICT, it
is called e-Government.
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37. E-Government
(Electronic Government)
 There are numerous web sites for e-Government activities. such as
 official web portal of the government of Sri Lanka,
 Government Information Center, ICTA (Information Communication Technology Agency)
etc
 The difficulties in communicating with the Government and obtaining Government
information have been overcome by these.
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38. E-Government
(Electronic Government)
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40. Application of ICT
 Educational
 Health
 Agricultural Industry
 Farm Management
 Fishing Industry
 Manufacturing Industry
 Robots
 Transport Sector
 Entertainment
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