The Begg light-wire appliance remains unique in the history of orthodontic innovation. Whereas many current self-ligating bracket appliances purport to be low friction or friction free, it is the Begg appliance that best exemplifies low friction, free sliding mechanics. By creating only a single point of contact between the bracket and the arch-wire Dr Begg was able to greatly decrease resistance to sliding, both by reducing friction between the bracket and the arch-wire and virtually eliminating the binding of the arch-wire in the bracket slot, as is seen in all horizontal slot brackets. Begg’s bracket design allowed teeth to freely tip mesially and distally as well as lingually and labially. This often gave teeth the appearance of being over tipped during treatment and required considerable diligence by Begg practitioners to keep tooth movement under control. This freedom of tooth movement allowed unprecedented correction of large overbites and overjets to an edge-to-edge position and rapid closure of extraction spaces by initially tipping the adjacent teeth into the extraction site and uprighting the teeth afterwards. Individual tooth root correction was managed by the use of fine springs that were designed, and often individually crafted to upright, torque and rotate teeth into their correct positions once the position of tooth crowns had been established. One key advantage of the appliance set up was the use of light elastic forces for the correction of anterior overbites and overjets. All anchorage could be established intra-orally without headgear, without the need for ancillary appliances such as trans-palatal arches, or needing to set up molar anchorage prior to treatment, as Dr Tweed advocated. Of equal importance was that with judicious use of light elastic forces and the astute placement of tooth moving auxiliaries, such as torqueing auxiliaries and uprighting springs, differential anchorage could be created. This enabled greater control of tooth movement of individual teeth or groups of teeth so they could be moved predictably to a greater or lesser extent to meet treatment requirements. The TipEdge appliance does not having the same low resistance to sliding as seen with the Begg appliance. However, it retains the mechanical flexibility and light intraoral forces needed to create intraoral anchorage and differential tooth movement. Importantly, the TipEdge appliance has the great advantage of being self-limiting. Once a tooth has been uprighted or torqued sufficiently it can be held in place. This allows final tooth corrections to be completed in a sequential manner rather than simultaneously, as is required with Begg appliance treatment. The TipEdge bracket design also overcame another shortcoming of Begg treatment. With the advent of ceramic aesthetic appliances in the 1980’s, the Begg appliance had not been satisfactorily adapted to provide patients with a reliable aesthetic bracket solution. In 2002 the Tip Edge p+

1. 1
Modified & Refined Begg For Modern
Times
- Dr. Manasa.P

2. CONTENTS
→ Introduction
→ Convention begg - drawbacks
→ Unaltered essential of Begg
→ Advantages and disadvantages of Begg treatment
→ Conventional vs Refined
→ Conceptual changes
→ Changes in hardware

3. → Stage wise modifications
→ Stage I
→ Stage II
→ Pre stage III
→ Stage III

4. Introduction
→ The present Begg practice differs considerably from the traditional.
→ Begg practice as undergone many changes over the time which have
enhanced its efficiency and made it capable of meeting the contemporary
treatment objectives.
→ It must be noted that the basic tenants of Begg mechanotheropy have largely
remained unaltered because they are relevant for ever.

5. What is Conventional Begg, Modified Begg and Refined Begg?
The Refined Begg is the current Begg practice using the
same Begg brackets, which is significantly deviated from
the conventional Begg.
The term Modified Begg is applied to the treatment which
follows the Begg principles to a large extent, but which uses
brackets other than the ribbon arch bracket.
Conventional Begg is the Begg treatment philosophy as
Advocated by R P BEGG and P KESLING.

6. The changes introduced by various workers are on account of the following
reasons:
1. Changes in the treatment philosophy : Not all Begg practitioners accept the
attritional occlusion concept today as the basis for treatment planning.
Attempts are being made to reconcile the Begg treatment with the Andrew’s
six keys to normal occlusion.
2. Changes in the treatment approach: Advantages of mixed dentition treatment
are realized. Profile consideration has assured greater importance reducing
the number of extraction cases and seeking extraction choices other than the
first bicuspids in many cases.

7. Conventional Begg treatment - Drawbacks
Difficulty in obtaining proper finishing and detailing of the
cases.
Difficulty in obtaining the posterior root torque.
Difficulty in achieving true intrusion of upper incisors.
Difficulty in maintaining rotational control.
No safe check on crown tipping and uprighting movements.

8. Essentials of Begg - Unaltered
Use of light orthodontic forces
1
Crown tipping followed by root
movement
2
Use of brackets permitting free tipping
movements in the initial stages
3
Use of differential force for movements of
different group of teeth
4

9. A definite sequence of treatment stages,
treatment is divided into three clear cut
stages.
5
Use of light intraoral elastics
6
En mass movement of anterior and
posterior teeth
7
Overcorrection of all displacements.
8
Use of round high tensile wires.
9

10. CONVENTIONAL V/S REFINED BEGG
→ Conceptual changes
→ Changes in the hardware
→ Stage wise modifications

11. CONCEPTUAL CHANGE
→ Theory of attritional occlusion and differential force concept
→ Treatment objectives
→ Treatment planning
→ Biomechanics
→ Archform

12. 1. THEORETICAL FOUNDATION
→ Theory of attritional occlusion: Questioned by Corrucini. Over emphasis on
extraction in the anticipation of crowding.
→ Concept of differential forces: It is now known that when heavy forces are used
for protracting the posteriors & the anteriors would remain stationary until the
hyalinised tissue is eliminated. Then they would move posteriorly. Now
prevented by using sufficient brakes.

13. 2. TREATMENT OBJECTIVES
→ For static occlusion: Andrew’s 6 keys.
→ Functional occlusion: Synchronization of CO & CR. Elimination of hanging
palatal cusps of the upper posterior teeth, which may cause functional
disturbances. Cuspid protected occlusion. Incisor guidance.

14. 3. DIAGNOSIS
Conventional - simple
→ LI to A-pog line, ANB & FMA - Dental and skeletal relationship
→ Facial profile, pattern and growth potential - not given enough importance
Present day - broad based
→ Dental, skeletal, soft tissue and VTO - commonly used

15. 4. TREATMENT PLANNING
COOKBOOK APPROACH DISCARDED
→ Benefits of treatment during mixed dentition is recognized.
→ Direct & modulate growth by using functional or orthopedic appliances.
→ Conversion of borderline cases in non extraction. ”When in doubt, extract”
discarded.
→ Leeway space is used to resolve mild crowding. Interproximal reduction.
→ Upper molar distalization.
→ Asymmetric extractions.

16. 5. BIOMECHANICS
→ Controlled tipping in 1st two stages followed by root uprighting.
→ Mollenhauer: Root control from the very 1st stage.
→ MAA - Aligns teeth, exerts ultra light torquing & uprighting forces on the anterior
teeth.
→ Combines 1st & 3rd stage of begg.3rd stage is shorter.
→ Prevents undesirable uncontrolled tipping.
→ Provides labial & lingual root torque.

17. 6. ARCHFORM
Present day Begg practice:
→ Benefits of maintaining the lower arch form
→ Maintaining and improving upper arch form
→ Co-ordination of U & L archwires - checked at every stage

18. 2) CHANGES IN THE HARDWARE
→ A) ATTACHMENTS - Brackets, Molar tubes
→ B) ARCHWIRES - Premium, Premium plus, Supreme, Alpha titanium wires,
Combination wires
→ ELASTICS - Ultra light (road runner), ormco Light (yellow) tp labs
→ OTHERS - TPA

19. BUILT IN ADJUSTMENTS
Incisor brackets
→ Anti – rotational adjustments
→ Used in first stage
→ Prepared by welding a piece of 0.010 ligature wire on the mesial or the
distal edge of the bracket base mesh
→ Ready made brackets also available

20. BUILT IN TORQUE
→ Introduced by kameda.
→ Obtained by raising the incisal or gingival edge of the bracket base
away from the tooth surface.
→ Brackets are commercially available.
→ When rectangular wire is used in conjunction with these brackets
labial or lingual torque is produced.

21. MOLAR TUBES
Upper molar tubes - introduced by swain.
→ Fixed perpendicular to the mesial aspect of upper
molar bands – results 10degree disto lingual rotation
offset
Lower molar tube
→ A lesser offset of approximately 5degrees disto
lingual rotation given

22. PLACEMENT OF ATTACHMENTS
A) Height
→ Upper and lower canine brackets are placed more incisally
→ Upper incisor brackets more incisally
→ Lower incisor brackets placed more gingivally
→ Upper and lower premolar brackets are occlusally placed
→ Upper molar tubes placed slightly occlusally

23. B) Mesio distal location
→ Brackets – incisor brackets are kept at the mesio distal center of the crown
→ In a rotated canine or premolar brackets are kept slightly off centre so thet they
are 1 mm closer to the proximal surface

24. C) Molar tubes
→ Mesial end of the molar tube is placed at the centre of the mesio buccal
cusp of the molar
→ All tubes are aligned parellel to a line joining the tips of the concerned
molar
D) Palatal brackets
→ Placed on the palatal surface of upper incisors when palatal elastics
from a tpa are used

25. ARCH WIRES
→ Initial aligning phase – small diameter Australian wires, NITI or braided SS
wires – used as sectional wires along with base arch wire
→ Finishing stage – rectangular SS wires or alpha titanium wires – can be used in
second stage as combination wires for braking mechanics

26. MOLAR STOPS
→ Usually placed in lower arch wire
→ Forward movement of lower molars can be avoided

27. ARCH WIRE ENDS
→ The amount of wire protruding from the distal end of molar tubes indicate
the amount of saggital change
→ Only during 3rd stage the wires are cinched

28. PINS USED IN REFINED BEGG
→ First stage pins: full freedom for sliding of teeth
→ Third stage pins: restricts the freedom of sliding and tipping
→ High hat pins: permit freedom for sliding and tipping & provides additional point
of attachment

29. PINS USED IN REFINED BEGG
→ Hook pins: used when more more than one wire is to be engaged in the slot
→ ‘T’ pins: used as brakes in 2nd stage or in finishing stage when corrected
angulations of teeth are to be maintained

30. → The entire treatment is organized into Three Distinct Stages which facilitated
an orderly sequence of various corrections, in the efficient conduct of treatment
Objectives of stage-I
- Alignment - Correction of abnormal overbite
- Correction of overjet - Elimination of crossbite
- Correction of arch form - Matching of midlines
- Attaining Class I molar and canine relation
Stage I: Substage IA & Substage IB

31. SUB STAGE I-A
OBJECTIVES:
→ To create space for correcting crowding or to close excess spacing if already
present
→ Alignment of anterior teeth by correcting labiolingual displacements and or
rotations or crossbites
→ To improve upper incisor inclination to within +100 of normal

32. → Rotations and buccolingual positions of upper molars are corrected
→ Upper arch form is broadened if narrow  permit mandibular advancement for
correcting class II relationship
→ Duration: 1- 6 months
→ Aim – to shift to 0.018 P/P+ arch wire as soon as possible

33. SUB STAGE I-B
OBJECTIVES:
→ Bite opening
Inc. incisor intrusion Dec. molar extrusion
→ Retraction of the upper anterior teeth to eliminate the overjet
This is done maintaining a good control over the root positions of all
anterior teeth, which is a significant deviation from the conventional Begg, done
by:
→ Employing mechanics for controlled tipping of the upper incisors during their
retraction

34. → Preventing uncontrolled tipping of the lower incisors during bite opening.
→ Applying root control during correction of extreme lingual or labial positions
of some of the anteriors, such as the instanding incisors or buccally placed
canines.
→ Control of mandibular plane angle
→ Matching upper and lower midlines
→ Correcting inter arch relationship to class I
→ Duration: 4-6 months
→ Entire first stage: 6-10 months

35. ARCHWIRES IN STAGE - I

37. MULTI LOOPED ARCH WIRE
Present arch wires –
 0.016 or 0.014 round SS as base arch
wire
 NITI and multi stranded wires (singly or
in combination)

38. SELECTION OF ARCH WIRES
→ Arch wire strength
→ Amount of wire deflection
→ Amount of rotation correction
→ 0.016” round NITI along with 0.014” round SS for de-crowding

39. IMPROVING THE INCLINATION OF UPPER INCISORS
→ Excessively proclined upper incisors are retracted to some extent by using
Class II elastics, in conjunction with mild / moderate anchor bends
→ Retroclined incisors are allowed to upright under the effect of bite opening
bends, by avoiding Class II elastics
→ When the retroclined incisors need to be actively proclined, loops against molar
tubes can be used

40. CLOSING ANTERIOR SPACES
→ 0.016 round SS used
→ Cuspid circles are kept 2mm mesial to the
canine bracket
→ Elastic cuspid ties used

41. MOLAR POSITION CORRECTION
ROTATED MOLARS
→ Toe in or toe out bends placed in a 0.016 SS
wire
→ Double back bends along with oval tube
applies a lingual crown or buccal root torque

42. ARCH WIRE CORRECTIONS
 Unless when the upper arch is excessively narrow, the arch form in most of
Class II cases can be broadened in the canine-premolar area by shaping the
SS 0.016" archwire
 If the bite is to be simultaneously opened by incisor intrusion - premolars are
bypassed by having bayonet bends in the arch wire between the canines and
first premolar

43. DURATION
→ Substage I-A : from 1-6 months depending upon severity of initial malpositions
→ The aim should be to complete it quickly and go over to the 0.016" and 0.018"
P/P+ archwire as early as possible to enter substage I-B.

44. SUB STAGE I (B)
→ Arch wires used – 0.018 premium plus or premium wires
→ Elastics – class II light or ultra light

45. OBJECTIVES OF SUB STAGE I B
→ Bite opening
→ Elimination of overjet
→ Controlling mandibular plane angle
→ Correcting midline discrepancy
→ Correcting interarch relationships to class 1

46. LOCATION OF BITE OPENING BENDS
POWER ARM METHOD
→ Dr. Jyothindra kumar
→ 0.018x0.025” are bent in the form of hook &
soldered
→ Elastics placed from power arm-cuspid circle

47. GABLE BEND
→ It is placed distal to canine to maintain the
bite opening
→ It causes relative extrusion of canines and
more intrusion of laterals and centrals

48. HOCEVAR MODIFICATIONS
 A bend is made on either side of canines
 It causes intrusion of centrals but both
laterals and canines are extruded

49. BITE OPENING CURVE
 In this bite opening curve canines are
extruded, premolars are also extruded if
engaged.
 The laterals and centrals experience
progressively more intrusive effect

50. MILD GINGIVAL CURVE (SWAIN)
→ This is incorporated in the anterior section starting from the mesial of one
cuspid circle to the corresponding point on the other.
→ This should lift the arch wire at the mid point by about 3 mm over the brackets

51. VERTICAL STEP UP BENDS
→ 4 – 5 mm height
→ 2- 3 mm mesial to molar tube
→ This results in uniform intrusion of all
six upper anterior teeth
→ This bend tips the anchor molars
distally to a great extent, this can be
avoided by use of distal vertical
elastics

52. PALATAL ELASTICS
→ By varying the amount of labially acting
intrusive force and palatally acting
elastic force the direction and
magnitude of the resultant force can be
controlled, so that it passes close to the
teeth

53. ELIMINATION OF OVERJET MAINTAINING CONTROL OVER
ROOT POSITION OF ANTERIOR TEETH
OVERJET REDUCTION
→ Conventional begg - edge to edge relation resulted from Uncontrolled tipping
of upper anteriors.
→ Refined begg – controlled tipping

54. UNCONTROLLED TIPPING OF LOWER INCISORS
Prevented by –
→ Brackets are bonded gingivally
→ ‘MAA’ with labial root torque is used – stage 1
→ Lower arch wires are bent distal to molar tubes (Hocever)

55. MOLLENHAUER’S ALIGNING AUXILLIARY (MAA)
→ MOLLENHAUER – 1984
REQUIREMENTS OF MAA:
1. It must generate very light forces 0.009 size.
2. It must be able to resist deformation (supreme grade wire)
3. The base wire should resist vertical and transverse reactive forces of MAA

56. ADVANTAGES
 Intrusion and simultaneous retraction of anterior teeth.
 Rapid bodily alignment of anterior teeth.
 Short stage III due to controlled tipping.
 Reciprocability of torquing forces on the in standing laterals or palatally placed
canine which help in periodontal support.
 Posibility of growing cortical bone at the A and B points.

57. CONSTRUCTION

58. ACTION OF MAA ON UPPER AND LOWER INCISORS
→ In 1st stage lower incisors
experience only a moment from
intrusive force, which flares crown
and ligualize the roots, this can be
prevented by using MAA with labial
root torque.
→ In upper incisors the force of MAA
and intrusive force are opp to class
II elastics, so depending on the
ratio of magnitude of both couples
controlled tipping takes place.

59. VARIOUS APPLICATIONS OF MAA
→ Labial root torque on the lower incisors
→ By bending more positive torque into MAA it can be used after stage I as
braking mechanics
→ For controlling mesio distal root position (MAA tip)

60. MODIFICATIONS OF MAA
Design for labial root torque
On all anterior teeth
MAA design for lingual root torque
Base wire is engaged first,
then the maa is engaged piggy back

61. Reciprocal root torque
Box meant for labial root torque rides
over the main wire(cross over bend)
Rectangular braided NITI instead of MAA
0.017” x 0.025” braided rectangular NiTI

62. OTHER BOXED AUXILLIARIES
Two boxes on the upper central
incisors for lingual root torque
Two boxes on the upper laterals for
labial root torque

63. CORRECTING OF THE MIDLINE DISCREPANCY
→ Some amount of midline correction would have occurred during alignment
phase. Thereafter, the upper midline correction is done using slightly uneven
Cl. II elastic force on the two sides, till it gets corrected.
→ If both midlines are shifted in opposite direction, a midline diagonal elastic is
used along with Cl. II elastic. Base wire for both the above

64. ELASTICS IN STAGE 1
Light/ultra light class 2
elastics
Palatal & power arm
elastics
Lower class 1 elastics –
crowding
Midline elastics

65. STAGE 2-REFINED BEGG
→ It may appear to be the easiest.
→ The corrections involved in stage II are quite straightforward.

66. OBJECTIVES
Maintain all corrections
achieved in stage 1
Close all extraction spaces
Controlled tipping of incisors
Cross bites & rotation
correction of 2nd premolars
Prevent excess tipping during
posterior protraction

67. ARCH WIRES
→ 0.018”premium / premium plus or 0.020
premium SS wires
→ If stage I correction involved like extreme
deep bite or severe rotations – 0.020”
→ 1st molar xn case – 0.018” with double
back

68. COMMONLY USED BRAKES
Braking springs : these are passive uprighting springs made
in 0.018" wire arch which almost fill the bracket channel.
Angulated T-pins : these pins maintain the tipping already
brought but prevent further tipping.

69. BRAKING SPRINGS
→ 0.018” WIRE USED

70. OTHER BRAKING MECHANICS
ANGULATED “T” PINS
→ Maintains the tipping already brought about
but prevents the further tipping

71. COMBINATION
WIRES
→ Made either of SS or alpha titanium alloy
→ The anterior segment is 0.022” x 0.018” (ribbon
mode) and the posterior segment is 0.018”
round cross section
→ Small amount of lingual root torque is given in
the anterior segment
→ 2/4 spur or MAA can be used as a braking
mechanics along with strong base arch wire

72. ELASTICS
→ Upper and lower class I elastics
→ Class II elastics – to hold the corrected molar relation
Strength :
→ Light (yellow) class I or II – anterior retraction
→ Stronger (green) class I – posterior protraction
→ Very heavy (blue-red) – in low mandible plane angle

73. PINS
→ Hook pins are used when anterior retraction is attempted in a controlled
manner using the MAA along with a base wire.
→ While these pins permit full freedom for lingual tipping of incisors, they limit the
distal tipping of canines.
→ When only base wires are engaged in the bracket slots without any other
auxiliary, stage III pins are used to hold the wires securely in bracket slots.

74. PRE STAGE III
→ Most of the cases require the pre stage III adjustments before going from stage
II to stage III.
→ This is so because the premolars are usually not engaged in the arch wire till
the extraction spaces are completely or almost completely closed.

75. → Hence the premolars are at a different vertical level (they are most gingivally
placed) than the molars at the end of stage II.
→ Also, engagement of archwire in the premolar bracket and the molar tube
requires a horizontal offset between the two, in order to compensate for the
greater buccal bulge due to bigger dimension of molar.

76. PRE STAGE III
0.016” arch Wire can be used for one visit for wire
engagement in premolar bracket
Gable bend is placed distal to the canine and
anchor bend is eliminated

77. STAGE III
OBJECTIVES
Maintain the corrections achieved up
to stage I and II
To achieve desired root position
To monitor the saggital and vertical
anchorage
To correct the position of second
molars when required
To monitor the inclinations of
posterior teeth especially molars

78. Mechanics of stage III
→ The torquing auxiliary for the labio-lingual root movements and the uprighting
springs for mesiodistal root movement generate reciprocal reaction in all the
three planes of space which when not properly controlled, result in complication

79. HOW TO OVERCOME III STAGE PROBLEMS
A) problem of root movements
Can be minimized by:
1. Carefully planning the extraction decision
2. By using efficient brakes
3. By using improved mechanics in first two stages

80. B) use of heavy wires(0.020” premium)
C) lighter auxilliaries and uprighting springs(0.012” wire)
D) light class ii elastics
E) reinforcement of anchorage

81. ARCH WIRES
IN STAGE III
0.020” premium wires are used
Cuspid circles tightly touching the
cuspid bracket (Raleigh williams)
The posterior segment are kept
gingivally in relation to the anterior

82. STAGE III ARCH WIRES
→ Mild toe in placed in the upper molar segment.
→ Degree of anchor bend and gable bend are
decided according to over bite.
→ The wire ends are annealed and tightly
cinched.

83. Elastics in stage III:
→ Light class II (TP yellow) – maintaining the inter arch relationship
→ Blue or red elastics to prevent tipping of upper and lower molars

84. TORQUING AUXILLIARIES WITH SPURS
→ 0.012” PREMIUM PLUS (PULSE
STRAIGHTENED) S.S WIRE
USED

85. SPEC AUXILIARY
→ 0.009”/ 0.010” S.S wire
→ Used for controlling root movement

86. Reverse torquing auxilliary (Franciskus tan-1987)
1.It is used for labial root movement of palatally
impacted canine.
2.It is made of 0.012 p+ wire with 0.018 base wire.
3.It is inserted in molar tube distally and rotated 90
degree for activation.
4.The molars are stabilised with TPA.

87. BUCCAL ROOT TORQUE
ON THE MOLARS
→ When upper molar crowns roll
buccally because of a lack of
control during 3rd stage, their
roots must be torqued bucally to
lift their palatally hanging cusps.

88. UPRIGHTING SPRINGS
→ Introduced in early 60’s
→ Used to correct the mesio distal angle of roots during the III stage
→ Earlier 0.014” SS wire was used

89. MINI SPRINGS(MOLLENHAUER)
→ 0.009” S.S SUPREME WIRE USED
ADVANTAGES:
→ Produces a mild continous force
→ Less taxation of anchorage
→ Ease in maintaining oral hygiene
→ Better esthetics

90. FINISHING AND DETAILING
→ Contemporary orthodontic treatment goals lay a great deal of emphasis on
proper finishing at the end of orthodontic treatment.
→ Popularity of Begg appliance came from obtaining precision finishing with the
Begg appliance was difficult whereas the preadjusted edgewise appliance have
the inherent capability of precision finishing and giving a pleasing look to the
teeth.

91. FINISHING AND DETAILING
OBJECTIVES:-
INTRA ARCH OBJECTIVES:
→ Good inter dental contacts
→ Rotations are over corrected
→ Complete space closure
→ Proper vertical levelling of all teeth

92. → Proper tip and torque of all teeth
→ Proper arch form
→ Maintain the lower inter canine dimension
INTER ARCH OBJECTIVES:
→ Normal over jet and over bite
→ Class I molar and canine relation
→ Tight inter digitation of all cusps of posterior teeth

93. ROUND FINISHING ARCH WIRES
→ 0.020” S.S ROUND WIRE USED

94. FIRST ORDER ADJUSTMENTS
→ Proper labiolingual position of the lateral
→ Upper canine prominence
→ Molar offset
→ Toe in relation to upper molar for disto lingual rotation

95. SECOND ORDER ADJUSTMENTS
→ U 2 in relation to U 1 and U 3
should be slightly shorter
→ Slight mesial angulation of U 6 for
proper occlusion
→ U 3 is slightly more mesially
angulated for proper canine relation

96. RECTANGULAR FINISHING WIRES
→ 0.022” x 0.018” alpha titanium ribbon wire used due to –
1. To build a precise degree of torque in the anterior segment
2. Vertical 0.022” dimension gives enough clearance in the 0.040” begg vertical
slot for vertical settling of teeth

97. CONCLUSION
→ Many shortcomings of the Begg appliance have been highlighted at different
points in time ever since its introduction.
→ But the basic tenets of Begg mechanotherapy have stood the test of the time
and largely remained unaltered.
→ The trend in Refined Begg is in the scientific progression of Dr. Begg’s
concepts, especially in the use of ultra light forces. With the advances in
technology & materials, a better realization of these concepts has been
possible, ultimately leading to superior results in treatment.

100. Comparison of the hard and soft tissue changes of bimaxillary
protrusion patients treated with Begg and MBT
techniques: a cephalometric study
Nilanjana Sarkar1*, Karunakar B. C.2, Sumit Goel3, Sumitra Reddy2
ABSTRACT
Background: The effective treatment of bimaxillary protrusion needs a sound knowledge of the mechanics and
expertise to control the tooth movement and the unwanted side effects. To obtain a desired finish there is a need to study
and compare the mechanics used for correction of bimaxillary protrusion. The aim of this study was to quantify and
compare the skeletal, dentoalveolar and soft tissue effects of Begg and MBT mechanotherapies in the treatment of
bimaxillary protrusion cases.
Methods: In the present study, cephalometric comparison of the two mechanotherapies, Begg and MBT appliances was
done retrospectively. The subjects were selected on the basis of pretreatment characteristics. The sample consisted of
1
Department of Orthodontics, Sunderlal Dugar Jain Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
2
Department of Orthodontics, K. L. E. Society’s Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
3
Consultant, Apollo Clinic, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
Received: 25 August 2021
Revised: 17 September 2021
Accepted: 06 October 2021
*Correspondence:
Dr. Nilanjana Sarkar,
E-mail: drsarkar.ortho17@gmail.com
Copyright: © the author(s), publisher and licensee Medip Academy. This is an open-access article distributed under
the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial
use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
search Article
parison of the hard and soft tissue changes of bimaxillary
protrusion patients treated with Begg and MBT
techniques: a cephalometric study
Nilanjana Sarkar1*, Karunakar B. C.2, Sumit Goel3, Sumitra Reddy2
The effective treatment of bimaxillary protrusion needs a sound knowledge of the mechanics and
ntrol the tooth movement and the unwanted side effects. To obtain a desired finish there is a need to study
he mechanics used for correction of bimaxillary protrusion. The aim of this study was to quantify and
keletal, dentoalveolar and soft tissue effects of Begg and MBT mechanotherapies in the treatment of
otrusion cases.
e present study, cephalometric comparison of the two mechanotherapies, Begg and MBT appliances was
ively. The subjects were selected on the basis of pretreatment characteristics. The sample consisted of
in each group) with an age range of 12-24 years. Pre- and post-treatment cephalograms were taken and
m lacquered polyester acetate tracing papers using a 0.05” lead pencil.
resent study showed that Begg and the MBT appliances were equally effective in treating bimaxillary
h first premolar extraction to satisfactory end results. Treatment with both the appliances resulted in
Orthodontics, Sunderlal Dugar Jain Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Orthodontics, K. L. E. Society’s Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
ollo Clinic, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
ugust 2021
ptember 2021
October 2021
nce:
arkar,
r.ortho17@gmail.com
he author(s), publisher and licensee Medip Academy. This is an open-access article distributed under
Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial
n, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.IntJSciRep20214100
International Journal of Scientific Reports
Sarkar N et al. Int J Sci Rep. 2021 Nov;7(11):517-527
http://www.sci-rep.com
Original Research Article
Comparison of the hard and soft tissue cha
protrusion patients treated with Be
techniques: a cephalometric
Nilanjana Sarkar1*, Karunakar B. C.2, Sumit Goe
ABSTRACT
Background: The effective treatment of bimaxillary protrusion needs a so
1
Department of Orthodontics, Sunderlal Dugar Jain Dental College and Hospita
2
Department of Orthodontics, K. L. E. Society’s Institute of Dental Sciences, B
3
Consultant, Apollo Clinic, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
Received: 25 August 2021
Revised: 17 September 2021
Accepted: 06 October 2021
*Correspondence:
Dr. Nilanjana Sarkar,
E-mail: drsarkar.ortho17@gmail.com
Copyright: © the author(s), publisher and licensee Medip Academy. This is an
the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, whi
use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work i
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/1
INTRODUCTION
Bi-maxillary protrusion includes skeletal or dental
sometimes on soft tissue variability. The result of different
treatment mechanics on the hard and soft tissues may vary
greatly and these need to be studied, to aid in comparison,
for application of the most efficient treatment mechanics
ABSTRACT
Background: The effective treatment of bimaxillary protrusion needs a sound knowledge of the mechanics and
expertise to control the tooth movement and the unwanted side effects. To obtain a desired finish there is a need to study
and compare the mechanics used for correction of bimaxillary protrusion. The aim of this study was to quantify and
compare the skeletal, dentoalveolar and soft tissue effects of Begg and MBT mechanotherapies in the treatment of
bimaxillary protrusion cases.
Methods: In the present study, cephalometric comparison of the two mechanotherapies, Begg and MBT appliances was
done retrospectively. The subjects were selected on the basis of pretreatment characteristics. The sample consisted of
40 patients (20 in each group) with an age range of 12-24 years. Pre- and post-treatment cephalograms were taken and
traced on 75μm lacquered polyester acetate tracing papers using a 0.05” lead pencil.
Results: The present study showed that Begg and the MBT appliances were equally effective in treating bimaxillary
protrusion with first premolar extraction to satisfactory end results. Treatment with both the appliances resulted in
significant amount of upper and lower anterior retraction and achievement of a pleasing facial appearance and profile.
Conclusions: Good torque control, if used in Begg mechanotherapy will result in achieving similar treatment outcome
as obtained with MBT technique.
Keywords: Begg mechanotherap, MBT mechanotherapy, Bimaxillary protrusion
Copyright: © the author(s), publisher and licensee Medip Academy. This is an open-access article distributed under
the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial
use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

101. Seediscussions, stats, and author profilesfor thispublication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/50850599
Cephalom etric com parison of vertical changes between Begg and preadjusted
edgewise appliances
Article in TheEuropean Journal of Orthodontics·March 2011
DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjq176 ·Source: PubMed
CITATIONS
7
READS
720
4 authors, including:
Some of the authorsof thispublication are also working on these related projects:
Mini-screw assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion (MARPE) View project
Center of Resistance View project
Aditya Chhibber
17 PUBLICATIONS 106 CITATIONS
SEEPROFILE
Madhur Upadhyay
University of Connecticut
99 PUBLICATIONS 1,313 CITATIONS
SEEPROFILE

102. REFERNCES
→ Refined beg for modern time, Dr. Vijay. P Jayade, 2001
→ Begg orthodontic theory and technique : begg and kesling.
→ Begg: appliance and technique - fletcher.
→ Begg P. R: Differential force in orthodontic treatment, AM. J. Orthodontics
→ Torquing auxillaries, Saitkowski, JCO 2000
→ Tip-Edge Orthodontics and the Plus Bracket, Dr. Richard Parkhouse

103. Thank you