To define Anemia, types, symptoms, causes and treatments. Hope it's helpful!

1. Anemia
Manal Alkhonezan

2. ● Anemia is a condition in which you lack enough healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen to
your body's tissues. Having anemia can make you feel tired and weak.
● There are many forms of anemia, each with its own cause. Anemia can be temporary or long term, and
it can range from mild to severe.
What is Anemia

3. Classification

4. Depending on the causes of your anemia, you
might have no symptoms. Signs and symptoms, if
they do occur, might include:
● Fatigue
● Weakness
● Pale or yellowish skin
● Irregular heartbeats
● Shortness of breath
● Dizziness or lightheadedness
● Chest pain
● Cold hands and feet
● Headaches
Symptoms

5. ● Iron deficiency anemia. This most common type of anemia is caused by a shortage of iron in your body. Your
bone marrow needs iron to make hemoglobin. Without adequate iron, your body can't produce enough
hemoglobin for red blood cells.
Without iron supplementation, this type of anemia occurs in many pregnant women. It is also caused by blood
loss, such as from heavy menstrual bleeding, an ulcer, cancer and regular use of some over-the-counter pain
relievers, especially aspirin, which can cause inflammation of the stomach lining resulting in blood loss.
● Anemias associated with bone marrow disease. A variety of diseases, such as leukemia and
myelofibrosis, can cause anemia by affecting blood production in your bone marrow. The effects of these types of
cancer and cancer-like disorders vary from mild to life-threatening.
● Hemolytic anemias. This group of anemias develops when red blood cells are destroyed faster than bone
marrow can replace them. Certain blood diseases increase red blood cell destruction. You can inherit a hemolytic
anemia, or you can develop it later in life.
● Sickle cell anemia. This inherited and sometimes serious condition is a hemolytic anemia. It's caused by a
defective form of hemoglobin that forces red blood cells to assume an abnormal crescent (sickle) shape. These
irregular blood cells die prematurely, resulting in a chronic shortage of red blood cells.
Causes

6. ● Complete blood count (CBC). A CBC is used to count the
number of blood cells in a sample of your blood.
Normal adult hematocrit values vary among medical
practices but are generally between 40% and 52% for men
and 35% and 47% for women. Normal adult hemoglobin
values are generally 14 to 18 grams per deciliter for men
and 12 to 16 grams per deciliter for women.
● A test to determine the size and shape of your red blood
cells. Some of your red blood cells might also be examined
for unusual size, shape and color.
Diagnosis

7. Anemia treatment depends on the cause.
● Iron deficiency anemia. Treatment for this form of anemia usually involves taking
iron supplements and changing your diet.
If the cause of iron deficiency is loss of blood — other than from menstruation — the
source of the bleeding must be located and the bleeding stopped. This might involve
surgery.
● Anemias associated with bone marrow disease. Treatment of these various diseases
can include medication, chemotherapy or bone marrow transplantation.
● Hemolytic anemias. Managing hemolytic anemias includes avoiding suspect
medications, treating infections and taking drugs that suppress your immune system,
which could be attacking your red blood cells.
Depending on the cause or your hemolytic anemia, you might be referred to a heart or
vascular specialist.
● Sickle cell anemia. Treatment might include oxygen, pain relievers, and oral and
intravenous fluids to reduce pain and prevent complications. It is also recommended
blood transfusions, folic acid supplements and antibiotics.
A cancer drug called hydroxyurea (Droxia, Hydrea, Siklos) also is used to treat sickle
cell anemia.
Treatment

8. Thank you!
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