Anemia is a condition in which you lack enough healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen to your body's tissues. Having anemia can make you feel tired and weak. There are many forms of anemia, each with its own cause. Anemia can be temporary or long term, and it can range from mild to severe.

1. ANEMIA

2. What is Anemia?
• Condition in which blood doesn’t have enough
healthy red blood cells.
• In a routine blood test, anemia is reported as a
low hemoglobin or hematocrit.

4. Types
There are more than 400 types of anemia,
and they’re divided into three groups.
• Anemia caused by blood loss.
• Anemia caused by decreased or faulty
red blood cell production.
• Anemia caused by destruction of red
blood cells.

5. IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA
• Iron deficiency anemia comes under anemia
caused by decreased or faulty red blood cell
production.
• It happens because we don’t have enough of iron
mineral in our body.

7. IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA CAN BE
CAUSED BY:
• A diet without enough iron, especially in
infants, children, teens, vegan, and
vegetarians
• Certain drugs, foods, and caffeinated drinks
• Donating blood often
• Endurance training
• Pregnancy and breastfeeding using up iron in
your body
• Menstruation cycle

8. NORMAL RANGE
Category BLOOD CONCENTRATION HEMOGLOBIN
(ctHb g/L)
Adult male 13.5-17.5
Adult female 11.5-15.5
Child
(1 year to puberty)
11.0-13.5
Baby
(3 month)
9.5-12.5
Newborn 15.0-21.0

9. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
• Dizziness, light head, or feeling like you are
about to pass out
• Fast or unusual heart beat
• Headache
• Pain, including in your bones, chest, belly, and
joints
• Problems with growth, for children and teens
• Shortness of breath
• Skin; pale or yellow
• Cold hands and feet
• Tiredness or weakness

10. DIET PLAN
• Leafy green like spinach.
• Meat and poultry like red meat and lamb.
• Liver
• Seafood
• Fortified foods
• Beans
• Nuts and seeds

11. DIAGNOSIS
• A number of hematologic studies are
performed to determine the type and cause of
anemia.
– Blood Studies
– Iron studies
– CBC values (complete blood count)

12. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
• Nutritional supplements:
Use of nutritional supplements should be appropriately taught to the
patient and family because too much intake can’t improve anemia.
• Blood transfusion:
Patient with acute blood loss or severe hemolysis may have decreased
tissue perfusion from decreased blood volume or reduced circulating
erythrocytes, so transfusion of blood would be necessary.
• Intravenous fluids:
Intravenous fluids replace the lost volumes of blood or electrolytes to
restore them to normal levels.

13. NURSING ASSESSMENT
• The assessment of anemia involves:
– Health history and physical exam
– Medication history
– History of alcohol intake
– Family history
– Athletic endeavors
– Nutritional assessment

14. NURSING DIAGNOSIS
• Fatigue related to decreased hemoglobin and
diminished oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.
• Altered nutrition, less than body requirements,
related to inadequate intake of essential nutrients.
• Altered tissue perfusion related to insufficient
hemoglobin and hematocrit.

15. COMPLICATIONS
• Heart failure
• Paresthesia
– Paresthesia develop when the muscles do not
have enough oxygen delivered to them
• Delirium
– Insufficient oxygen in the brain results in delirium
and is considered a fatal complication of anemia.

16. Thank you