very common and special with great ideal presentation for road engineers.

1. Example of
Tunnels
6/16/2016
Prepared by: Mohammad Karimi
Under the Supervision of: Eng. Malyar Talash
Road Design Engineer/NRAP/MoPW
Kabul-Afghanistan
Emails: tmalyar@yahoo.com malyar@nrap.gov.af
Mob: 0093786575033

2. A tunnel is an underground passage through a
mountain, beneath a city or under a waterway.
It may be for pedestrians and/or cyclists, general road
traffic, motor vehicles , rail traffic, or for a canal.
Some tunnels are constructed purely for carrying water
(for consumption, hydroelectric purposes or as
sewers); others carry services such as
telecommunications cables.

4. Tunnel Description:
 Made into natural material (rocks)
 Empty inside
 Carry the loads itself
 Both ends are open to atmosphere
 Generally horizontal
 Thick walled structure looks like cylinder

5. Tunnel Section for Swelling Ground
1- Digging section
2- Support
3- Swelling section
4- Pressurized area
5- Flow direction of water

6. Methods of tunnels construction:
Tunnel Construction
using Drill-and-Blast Method
Photo Illustration to support the teaching of the topic on
Tunnel Construction

8. Entrance arrangement to the tunnel portal for the 3.7km long Tai
Lam Tunnel of Route 3 at Kam Tin as seen in early 1996. Tai
Lam Tunnel consists two main tunnels, each measures 15.5m wide
and 10.5m high, and a 950m long servicing duct for ventilation
and other supply purposes in between the main tunnels.

20. Tunnel Construction
using Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM)

26. Tunnel Construction
using Cut-and-Cover Method

27. Tunnel Construction
using Immersed Tubes

28. Tunnel Construction
Final Finishes and Fitting-out