Case study on tissue culture of bamboo

1. Bamboo tissue culture
Case study
Dr. Mafatlal M. Kher
GSFC University
Why Plant Tissue Culture?
on
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2. Chinese proverb
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3. 01
BEND BUT DON’T BREAK. BE
FLEXIBLE YET FIRMLY
ROOTED
03
BE ALWAYS READY
05
FIND WISDOM IN
EMPTINESS
07
EXPRESS USEFULNESS
THROUGH SIMPLICITY
02 REMEMBER: WHAT LOOKS WEAK IS
STRONG
04 UNLEASH YOUR POWER TO SPRING
BACK.
06 COMMIT TO (CONTINUOUS)
GROWTH
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4. Video Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hLJFx_b2A2k/ Accessed 29 October 2020
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5. 5

6. “A man is born in a bamboo cradle and goes away in a
bamboo coffin. ”
# Proverb
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7. AGROFORESTRY
• Natural stands Plantations
• Mixed agro-forestry systems
ECOLOGY
• Stabilising the soil Uses on marginal land
• Hedges and screens Minimal land use
ORNAMENTAL PLANT
• Planted as an ornamental plant
USE OF BAMBOO AS A PLANT
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8. Chemical industries
Biochemical products
Pharmaceutical industry
Energy
Charcoal
Gasification
Local industries
Arts, Furniture, Kitchen utensils,
Houses
Nutritional
Young shoots for human
consumption Fodder Wood and
paper industries Strand boards
Medium-density fibreboard
Laminated lumber, paper, rayon,
and parquet
USE OF BAMBOO AS A MATERIAL
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9. Image Courtesy: Bharat Rajput, Rajpipla, Gujarat
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10. The sustainable architecture prompts the
sourcing and R&D of eco-building
materials
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11. 03
Mechanical
properties of
bamboo culms
make them an
appropriate choice
for load–bearing
structures
02
Mechanical
properties of
bamboo increase
with the thickness of
the fibre walls,
making it an
alternative to wood
for the construction
industry
01
It possesses
several economic
and ecological
advantages
The bamboo culm is a dynamic material and a suitable
alternative to wood in the construction industry because: -
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12. Image Source: https://freesvg.org/opened-notebook
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16. Bamboo shoots
Image Courtesy: Bharat Rajput, Rajpipla, Gujarat
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17. FRESH FERMENTED CANNED MEDCINE
Bamboo shoots
People consume fresh bamboo
shoots in various forms.
• Bamboo shoot can be eaten fresh
after boiling.
• Bamboo shoots are eaten with
thick coconut milk and spices.
• Sweet pickles, chutney and
candies are prepared from the pith
of the bamboo shoots.
Traditionally, various fermented
bamboo shoot products are
consumed in the world.
• Ethnic people living in sub
Himalayan regions, Nepal and
Bhutan prepare and consume a
variety of domesticated and wild
bamboo shoots and their
fermented products.
Canned bamboo shoots can be
satisfactorily preserved and can be
used frequently in various food items
such as vegetables or pickle
condiments.
• In the traditional system of
Ayurveda, the silicious concretions
found in the bamboo shoots is
called banslochan and in the Indo-
Persian and Tibettan system of
medicine, it is called as bamboo
manna and is known to be a good
tonic for respiratory disorders.
• Sap from inside the shoots of
Bambusa vulgaris is used for
curing jaundice

18. Edible bamboo species (India)
Bambusa beecheyana (syn: Sinocalamus
beecheyanus); beechy bamboo
Bambusa oldhamii (syn: Sinocalamus oldhamii);
Japanese timber bamboo; oldham bamboo,
clumping giant timber
Bambusa vulgaris; common bamboo, ohe
Dendrocalamus asper; Java bamboo
Dendrocalamus brandisii; kyellowa, waya wapyu
(Burma), wakay, waktlu Dendrocalamus giganteus;
wabo (Burma), worra (Assam)
Dendrocalamus latiflorus; sweet shoot bamboo,
mazhu
Dendrocalamus membranaceus; wap-yu (Malay)
Phyllostachys bambusoides (syn: Phyllostachys
reticulata, P. quilioi); Japanese timber bamboo,
Madake Phyllostachys dulcis; sweet bamboo
Phyllostachys nigra “Bory” (syn: P. boryana)
Phyllostachys nigra “Henon”; Henon bamboo
Phyllostachys nuda; fishing pole bamboo
Phyllostachys vivax; giant edible shoot bamboo
Thrysostachys siamensis; monastery bamboo
Source: J Food Sci Technol (2012) 49(4):407–414

19. Vitamins
Vitamin E (α-Tocopherol), Vitamin
C, Vitamin B6, thiamin riboflavin,
niacin
Minerals
Co, Zn, Mn, Mg, Ni, Co, Cu, P, K
Antiaging property
Due to presence of Germaclinium
Amino acids
About 17 essential amino
acids
01
02
03
04
Bamboo:
Nutritional
value
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20. Ecological services
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21. Lignin
Phenol
Fuel or other
products
Va l u e a d d e d
C h e m i c a l s
Hemicellulos
Pentose
Hexose
Xylose
Ethanol
Xylooligosac
charides
Xylitol
Cellulose
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goes here
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Glucose
Ethanol
Biofuel
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22. 02
04
01
03
PLASTIC PRODUCTION
Universally, we create a scary 300
million tons of plastic every year
SINGLE USED PLASTIC
This means that 91% of all plastic is only
used once, and then ends up getting
thrown away- and finding its way into
our oceans or landfills.
PREDICTION for 2050
By 2050, there will be more plastic in
our ocean than fish
PLASTIC RECYCLING
Only 9% of is recycled or reused
Plastic is killing our Environment
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23. Bamboo bottles Bamboo cloth Bamboo toothbrush Bamboo Cutlery
Bamboo products as a plastic alternatives
Image Source: https://www.trvst.world/ Accessed 16 July 2020

24. RENEWABL
E
Depending on the
species, bamboo can
be harvested in one to
five years. Almost 1
million acres of forests
are lost each week
worldwide to
deforestation.
Bamboo's versatility as
a substitute for
hardwoods offers a
chance to drastically
reduce that figure and
protect the forests
that we have left.
OXYGEN
SOURSE
Bamboo absorbs
carbon dioxide and
releases 35% more
oxygen into the
atmosphere than an
equivalent stand of
hardwood trees.
GROWTH
RATE
Some species of
bamboo grow more
than three feet each
day! No plant on the
planet features a
faster growth rate.
When it is harvested, it
will grow a new shoot
from its extensive root
system with no need
for additional planting
or cultivation.
MINIMUM
WASTE
After harvesting,
virtually every part of
the plant is used to
make a wide variety of
products. From soil-
enriching mulch to
beautiful furniture to
chopsticks, every part
of the plant can be
utilized.
VERSATILI
TY
Bamboo can replace
the use of wood for
nearly every
application. Paper,
flooring, furniture,
charcoal, building
materials, and much
more can be made
from bamboo. What's
more, bamboo fibers
are far stronger than
wood fibers and much
less likely to warp
from changing
atmospheric
conditions.
How Bamboo can save environment?
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25. FERTILIZERS (x)
No fertilizer,
pesticides, or
herbicides needed.
Unlike most cash
crops, bamboo
requires no
agricultural chemicals
to thrive. Unlike
cotton, which is one of
the most intensely
sprayed crops in the
world and rapidly
depletes the nutrients
in the soil, bamboo
sequesters nitrogen
and cultivation does
not add chemicals to
the environment.
SOIL
PROTECTION
Once hardwood
forests are clear-cut
and the stumps are
burned to provide
fertilizer and space for
growing crops, erosion
inevitably occurs as
the topsoil and
nutrients are washed
away by rainfall. The
eroded soil then clogs
rivers and streams and
affects the lives of
people and animals
living downstream.
Bamboo roots remain
in place after
harvesting where they
prevent erosion and
ECONOMIC
Economic
development. In less
developed countries
where unemployment
leads to civil unrest,
bamboo production
and the manufacturing
of bamboo products
provides job
opportunities in areas
that desperately need
social and economic
stability
ADAPTABILITY
Bamboo grows in a
variety of conditions.
Bamboo can grow in
arid regions where
droughts cause other
crops to fail and since
the roots are left in
place after harvesting,
it helps to preserve
vital moisture in the
soil. From low
wetlands to higher
elevations in the
mountains, bamboo
thrives in a wide range
of climates.
CULTURAL
Optimism and cultural
cooperation. In a
fractious world where
wars are fought over
resources, the
increasing popularity
of bamboo products
provides an
opportunity for diverse
cultures to settle their
difference through
trade and cooperation
that benefits everyone.
How Bamboo can save environment?
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26. 01
The fastest-
growing woody
plant on Earth
GROWTH
02
The efficiency of
energy
conversion into
biomass.
BIOMASS
03
An excellent crop
for carbon
sequestration
AIR POLLUTION
CONTROL
04
High ability to adapt to
metalliferous
environments and a high
capacity to absorb heavy
ADAPTATION
WHY ?
Phytoremediation
of
heavy
metals
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27. Demand
Image Courtesy: Bharat Rajput, Rajpipla, Gujarat
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28. 5.5%
7.4%
8.7%
9.9%
20.30%
28%
KARNATAKA
ANDHRA PRADESH
NORTH EAST
Mizoram, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh,
Manipur, Meghalaya, Tripura, Nagaland
ORISSA
MAHARASTRA
MADHYA PRADESH
Major regions/states by area under bamboo cultivation in India
Source: International Forestry Review, 10(2):134-146.
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29. Market
Demand
₹
₹ 2088 CR
Pulp
₹ 3265 CR
Furniture
₹ 3400 CR
Plyboard for truck, railways
₹ 3908 CR
Bamboo mat boards
₹ 30000 CR
Timber substitution
Bamboo
demand:
India
Source: J Agric Vet Sci 8(2):80–83 (2015)
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30. Selection of
Bamboo sp.
Product
Cultivation Marketing
Identification and selection
of most suitable species as
per requirement
Product manufacturing
(equipment, foods, jigs,
dyes, paints, varnishes,
furniture, construction,
textiles
Plantation,
maintenance, and
harvesting
Customer
identification,
distribution,
advertisements
Sustainable development of a bamboo based industry
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31. Image Source: Silviculture & Forest Utilization Lab, Govt of Gujarat- Rajpipla
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32. Vegetative propagation, however plantlet produced via vegetative
propagation carries diseased from stock plant 01
Limited number of plants are produced via vegetative
propagation.
02
Bamboos can also propagated using seeds, but flowering
is very rare in nature, hence limited numbers of seeds are
produced
03
Plantlets produced using seed germination methods are
generally infected with seed born pathogen
04
Natural
method
of
Cultivation
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33. Tissue culture raised plants are more suitable for long
distance transport
Starting with 100 traditional cuttings; able to
produce 70,000 annual clones. Start with 200
tissue culture vials; produce 2 million annual
clones.
Uses 1/10 the space of traditional cloning. Two million
annual clones could be produced in less than 3000
square feet.
1000 mother cultivars could be stored inside a
refrigerator with no care or maintenance for months,
sometimes over a year
Propagation is significantly more efficient
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34. A B C
D E F
Figure 1A: Field grown
plant of Dendrocalamus
strictus. B: Nodal
cuttings with one
axillary bud. C: Primary
culture initiation (axillary
shoot multiplication). D:
Shoot multiplication
during subculture. E-F In
vitro rooting
Micropropagation of Denrocalamus strictus
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35. A B C
D E F
Figure 2A: In vitro flowering.
B: Flowers observed during
in vitro cultures. C: Primary
hardening. D: Shoot clumps
at the base of acclimatized
plants during secondary
hardening. E: Shoot clumps
were removed and utilize for
vegetative multiplication. F:
Plants developed using
shoot clumps from tissue
culture raised plants.
Micropropagation of Denrocalamus strictus
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