Fire safety is important to reduce destruction caused by uncontrolled fires and includes practices to prevent ignition, limit fire development and effects, and educate occupants. It is necessary for life safety, property protection, and maintaining operations. Many deadly fires throughout history illustrate the consequences of inadequate fire safety. The National Building Code of India provides fire safety guidelines, classifying buildings by occupancy and fire zone and fires by type. Proper planning, detection systems, extinguishers, protection methods, evacuation routes, training, and maintenance are all critical components of effective fire safety.

1. Fire Safety
Considering NBC 2005

2. What is Fire Safety?
 The set of practices intended to reduce the destruction
caused by fire.
 It includes those that are:
 Intended to prevent ignition of an uncontrolled fire.
 Used to limit the development and effects of a fire after it
starts.
 Planned during the construction of a building or implemented
in structures that are already standing.
 Taught to occupants of the building.
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3. Why Fire Safety?
 Life Safety
 Protection of Property
 Protection of Operations
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4. What if no fire safety?
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5. AMRi hospital, Kolkata
9 Dec. 2011, 95 dead
Stephen Court, Kolkata
23 Mar. 2010, 43 dead
5

6. Coconut Grove, Boston, USA
28 Nov. 1942, 492 dead
Beverly Hills Night Club
Kentucky, USA
28 May 1977, 165 dead

7. Stardust Disco, Dublin
1 Feb. 1981, 78 dead
Madrid Disco, Spain
17 Dec. 1983, 48 dead

9. Andraus Dept. Store
Sao Paulo, Brazil
24 Feb.1972, 20 dead
Bogor Dept. Store
Indonesia, 20 March 1994
77 dead, 25 injured

10. Why Fire?
FIRE TETRAHEDRON
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11. National Building Code
 Birth of NBC 1970
(published)
 First Revision of NBC 1983
(after 13 years)
 Second Revision of NBC 1997
(after 14 years)
 Third Revision of NBC 2005
(after 22 years) 11

12. Classification of Buildings
Based on Occupancy
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13.  Group A Residential Buildings
 Group B Educational Buildings
 Group C Institutional Buildings
 Group D Assembly Buildings
 Group E Business Buildings
 Group F Mercantile Buildings
 Group G Industrial Buildings
 Group H Storage Buildings
 Group J Hazardous Buildings
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14. Classification of Buildings
Based on fire zones
Fire Zone 1
Residential, educational, institutional, assembly, small
business and retail mercantile buildings.
Fire Zone 2
Business and Industrial Buildings except High Hazard
Industrial Buildings.
Fire Zone 3
High Hazard Industrial Building, Storage Building and
Buildings for Hazardous Use.
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15.  Overlapping Fire Zone
When any building is situated in more
than fire zone, it shall be deemed to be in
the fire zone in which the major portion of
the building or structure is situated.
When the building is so situated that it
exceeds equally to more than one fire
zone, it shall be deemed to be in the fire
zone having more hazardous occupancy.
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16. Classification of fires
 Class A
 Class B
 Class C
 Class D
 Electrical fires
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17. Planning and Management
 Infrastructural Design
 Architect and Layout Design
 Interior Design
 Electrical Design
 Machinery Design
17

18. Fire detection systems
Automatic Manual 18

19. 19

20. Fire Extinguishers/
Fixed Fire Fighting Installations
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21. Water and Foam
Carbon Dioxide
Dry Chemical
Wet Chemical
Clean Agent
Dry Powder
Water Mist
Cartridge Operated Dry
Chemical
Automatic Sprinkler
System
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22. Fire Protection
 Water
 Static Water Storage Tanks
• A satisfactory water supply at the rate of 1000 litres per minute
should be there
 Municipal Water Supply
• The minimum water pressure available at fire hydrants, should be
around 1.5 kg/sq.cm. and this pressure should be available around
4 to 5 hours for constant use of the fire hydrant
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23. As per the existing provisions one third of the fire
fighting water requirement should be from storage
reservoirs, the capacity of which may be calculated
through different methods:
Serial no. Authority Formula
(P in thousands)
Q (l/min )for 1 lakh
population
1 Kuichling’s formula Q= 3182√P 31820
2 Freeman’s formula Q= 1136[(P/10)+10 ] 35050
3 Buston’s formula Q= 5,663√P 56630
4 Ministry of Urban Development
Manual Formula
Q = 100√P 31623
5 National board of fire underwriters
formula
Q= 4,637 √ P[1-0.01 √P ] 41760
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24. Fire extinguishing systems
Installations
 Maintenance and
Inspection
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25. Evacuation
 The exit access
 The exit
 The exit discharge
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26. Conclusion
•“Absolute Safety is not attainable”
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27. Training and Drills
“Drills provide virtually the only means, short of an actual
incident, of measuring the state of readiness and of
testing the effectiveness of an emergency response
plan”
Robert B. Kelly
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28. References
 National Building Code Of India (SP 7) – 2005
 Commentary on National Building Code-Document No. :: IITK-GSDMA-
Fire03-V3.0
 Model Building Bye Laws, 2016
 Water: Sources And Requirement, Cel795 : IIT Delhi
 Estimating Fire Protection Water Demands, GAP.14.1.1.0
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29. Thank you By:
Sajid Iqbal
Class – B.C.E-3
Roll – 001410401094
Jadavpur University