2. • Multimedia data typically means digital
images, audio, video, animation and
graphics together with text data.
• The huge amount of data in different
multimedia related applications warranted
to have databases that provide
consistency, concurrency, integrity,
security and availability of data.
• Database provides functionalities for the
easy manipulation of query and retrieval of
highly relevant information from huge
collections of speed data.
3. Multimedia Database Models
• Object-Oriented Databases
– handle all kinds of multimedia data ia specialised classes
– quite low market share in database technology
• Object-Relational Databases
– hybrid combination of features of RDBMS and OODB
– fully SQL-compliant, with added support for complex data types via
object definition language (ODL)
• Document Management Systems / Content Management Systems
– Specialised systems for managing documents/content of many different
types
– Automate workflow, pages/reports generated automatically
– Very popular for Web sites where content changes rapidly e.g. Kenny’s
Bookshop (www.kennys.ie), Irish Times (ireland.com)
– Can buy off-the-shelf (e.g. TerminalFour, BroadVision), acquire via open
source, or build it yourself ! (e.g. Lotus Notes)
6. Multimedia Data Retrieval
• Multimedia DBMS must support a standard data manipulation
language (DML) such as SQL, but will have extended query
features for processing rich media objects (such as audio, images,
and video)
• Complex media objects may be categorised using meta-data and
keywords
• Retrieval of complex media objects typically requires “fuzzy”-match
/ partial-match search mechanisms
• Query results may use a ranking mechanism so that the most
relevant matches are at fore of list
7. MPEG
• Moving Pictures Experts Group
– Started in 1988 as a working group within ISO/IEC
– Comprises a number of sub-groups e.g. Digital Storage Media (DSM),
Delivery, Video, Audio
• Generates generic standards for digital video and audio
compression
– MPEG-1: "Coding of Moving Pictures and Associated Audio for Digital
Storage Media at up to about 1.5 MBit/s"
– MPEG-2: "Generic Coding of Moving Pictures and Associated Audio"
– MPEG-3: no longer exists (was merged into MPEG-2)
– MPEG-4: “Coding of Audio-Visual Objects"
– MPEG-7: “Multimedia Content Description Interface”
– MPEG-21
8. MULTIMEDIA DATABASES
1. Multimedia Storage and Retrieval
– Massive Data Volumes
– Storage Technologies
– Multimedia Object Storage
– Multimedia Document Retrieval
2. Database Management Systems for Multimedia Systems
– RDBMS Extensions for Multimedia
– Object-Oriented Databases for Multimedia
3. Database Organization for Multimedia Applications
– Data Independence
– Common distributed database architecture
– Distributed database servers
– Multimedia object management
4. Transaction Management for Multimedia Systems
9. 1.1 Multimedia Storage and
Retrieval
• Multimedia storage is characterized by a
number of new considerations:
– Massive storage volumes
– Large object sizes
– Multiple related objects
– Temporal requirements for retrieval
10. Massive Data Volumes
• Paper records and films or tapes are
difficult to integrate, control, search and
access, and distribute.
• Locating paper documents, films, and
audio or video tapes requires searching
through massive storage files, complex
indexing systems understood only by a
few key staff personnel.
11. Storage Technologies
There are two major mass storage technologies
used for storage of multimedia documents.
- Optical Disk Storage Systems
- High Speed Magnetic Storage
• Managing a few optical disk platters in a jukebox
is much simpler than managing a much larger
magnetic disk form.
• Optical disk storage is an excellent vehicle for
offline archival of old and infrequently referenced
documents for significant periods of time.
12. Multimedia Object Storage
• Multimedia object storage in an optimal
medium serves its real purpose only if it can be
located rapidly and automatically.
• A key issue is random key access to various
components of a hypermedia document or
hypermedia database.
• Optical media provides very dense storage. For
instance, a 12 inch optical disk platter can
store 6.5Gbytes of information.
13. Continue…..
• A compressed 8bit sound clip requires
50kbytes/sec.
• Decompression efficiency.
• Retrieval speed is a direct result of
– The Storage latency
– Compression efficiency
– Transmission latency
• Imaging is essential for retrieval of
information
14. Multimedia Document Retrieval
• The simplest form of identifying a multimedia
document is by storage platter identification and
its relative position on the platter (file number).
• These objects can be grouped using a
database in folders or within complex objects
representing hypermedia documents.
• This is the method for identifying images in most
multimedia systems.
• An application for sound and full motion
video is the ability to clip parts of it and
combine them with another set.
15. 1.2 Database Management
Systems for Multimedia systems
• Most multimedia applications are based on
communication technologies such as Electronic Mail,
the database system must be fully distributed.
• A number of database storage choices are available.
• They are:
– Extending the existing RDBMS to support the various objects
for multimedia as binary object.
– Extending RDBMS beyond basic binary objects to the object
oriented components of inheritance and classes.
– Converting to a full fledged object oriented database that
supports the standard SQL languages.
– Converting the database and the application to an object-
oriented database and using object-oriented language, such as
C++.
16. RDBMS Extensions for Multimedia
• BLOB (Binary Large OBject) is a datatype for
binary free form text and images.
• BLOBs are used for objects such as images or
other binary data types.
• Relational database tables include location
information for the BLOBs which may actually be
stored outside the database on separete image
or video servers.
• An object oriented database supports both,
– Encapsulation
– Inheritance
