3. What is Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?
• Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease the
immune system attacks its own tissues, causing widespread
inflammation and tissue damage in the affected organs.
• In this disease, the immune system of the body mistakenly attacks
healthy tissue.
• It can affects the joints, skin, brain, lungs, kidneys, and blood vessels.
• There is no cure for lupus, but medical interventions and lifestyle
changes can help control it.
4. WHAT CAUSES SYSTEMIC LUPUS
ERYTHEMATOSUS?
• The causes of SLE are unknown, but are believed to be linked to
environmental, genetic, and hormonal factors.
• More than 90% of cases of SLE occur in women, frequently starting at
childbearing age.
• Women ages 15 to 44 and certain ethnic groups—including African
American, Asian American, Hispanics/Latino, and Native American—
are at higher risk for developing SLE than the rest of the population.
5.
6. ETIOLOGY
• ETIOLOGY IS UNKNOWN
• MOST PROBABLE CAUSES:-
GENETIC INFLUENCE
HORMONES
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
CERTAIN MEDICATIONS
8. Signs and symptoms
• The signs and symptoms of lupus that you experience will depend on
which body systems are affected by the disease.
• The most common signs and symptoms include:
• Fatigue
• Fever
• Joint pain, stiffness
• Butterfly-shaped rash on the face that covers the cheeks and
bridge of the nose or rashes elsewhere on the body.
• Fingers and toes that turn white or blue when exposed to cold
or during stressful periods.
9. • Shortness of breath
• Chest pain
• Dry eyes
• Headaches, confusion and memory loss.
• Swollen glands.
• Swelling in the legs or around the eyes.
• Pain when breathing deeply or lying down, from inflammation of the
lining around the lungs or heart.
• Headaches, dizziness, depression, confusion, or seizures.
• Abdominal pain.
10. • Round scaly rashes that can
appear anywhere on the body.
• Sensitivity to the sun that may
cause a rash.
• Hair loss.
• Sores, which are usually
painless, in the nose and mouth
(most often on the roof of the
mouth).
• Change of color in the fingers
and toes – blue-purplish, white,
or red – from cold and
stress.(Raynaud’s
phenomenon).
11.
12. DIAGNOSIS
• 2019 update of the Joint European League Against Rheumatism and European Renal
Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association (EULAR/ERA-EDTA)
recommendations for the management of lupus nephritis.
• Laboratory studies used in the diagnosis of SLE are as follows:
• CBC with differential
• Serum creatinine
• Urinalysis with microscopy
• ESR or CRP level
• Complement levels
• Liver function tests
• Creatine kinase assay
• Spot protein/spot creatinine ratio
• Autoantibody tests
• Imaging studies
13. • The following imaging studies may be used to evaluate patients with suspected
SLE:
• Joint radiography
• Chest radiography and chest CT scanning
• Echocardiography
• Brain MRI/MRA
• Cardiac MRI
• Procedures that may be performed in patients with suspected SLE include the
following:
• Arthrocentesis
• Lumbar puncture
• Kidney biopsy
14. SEVERITY OF LUPUS
• The severity of lupus varies from
mild to life-threatening. After
many years of having lupus,
patients may develop:
15. COMPLICATIONS OF LUPUS
• Osteoporosis (especially in those who are treated with corticosteroids)
• hypertension (high blood pressure)
• kidney failure
• atherosclerosis (also known as atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease)
• forms of heart and lung diseases
• In addition, a significant number of lupus patients also have the
antiphospholipid antibody (aPL) associated with antiphospholipid syndrome.
24. PREVENTION
• No way to prevent lupus.
• But people who smoke may be more prone to get LUPUS.
• AVOID SMOKING and other TOBACCO products to decrease the risk.