Benefit of anti -competitive conduct - luke wainscoat - 31 august 2019

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Luke Wainscoat

Presentation at the Competition and Consumer Workshop, 2019.

Law

HoustonKemp.com
Estimating the benefit of anti-
competitive conduct
How the maximum penalty for anti-
competitive conduct could be calculated
Dr Luke Wainscoat
31 August 2019
Competition and Consumer Workshop, Melbourne

HoustonKemp.com
The maximum penalty
2
3x benefit
$10 million
vs
10% of turnover
$10 million
vs
But, if benefit cannot be determined:
If benefit can be determined:

HoustonKemp.com
Maximum penalties have almost always been set
by reference to turnover
3
Law
implemented
2006 2019
Visa
Colgate-
Palmolive
Yazaki
NYK
Flight
Centre
Mitsubishi
Electric
ANZ
Renegade
Gas
K-Line
2013

HoustonKemp.com
What’s the problem with using turnover?
• Law states that benefit should be used when it can be
determined
• Turnover may lead to sub-optimal deterrence
› Penalty can be too low for single-product firm
› Penalty can be too high for large firm with many products
4

HoustonKemp.com
Maximum penalty increases with turnover if
benefits not estimated
5

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Techniques to estimate
benefits
6

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Techniques are available to estimate benefits
• Various techniques for estimating the additional profit
gained from anti-competitive conduct
• Key is to estimate the price that would have occurred in
the absence of the conduct
7

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Before and after technique
8

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Before and after technique
9

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Need to know when the conduct started and
stopped
10

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Need to know when the conduct started and
stopped
11

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Need to take other effects on prices into account
12

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Need to take other effects on prices into account
13

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Need to take other effects on prices into account
14

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Difference-in-differences technique
15

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Difference-in-differences technique
16

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Difference-in-differences technique
17

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Conclusion
• Benefits have almost never been used to calculate the
maximum penalty
• Benefits can be calculated, and I expect this will be
attempted in the near future
18

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अंधविश्वास विरोधी कार्यकर्ता और तर्कवादी दाभोलकर की सुबह की सैर के दौरान गोली मारकर हत्या किए जाने के करीब 11 साल बाद, पुणे की एक अदालत ने महाराष्ट्र पुलिस और सीबीआई द्वारा की गई जांच में गंभीर खामियों को चिह्नित किया है।

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लाइव लॉ ने न्यायमूर्ति गवई के हवाले से यह भी कहा, “राज्य (मध्य प्रदेश) ऐसे मामले में एक अतिरिक्त महाधिवक्ता को पेश करने में क्यों दिलचस्पी ले रहा है?” वह भी कैविएट पर?! जाहिर है, यह उत्पीड़न का मामला लगता है! किसी को उसे (याचिकाकर्ता को) परेशान करने में दिलचस्पी है!

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1. What establishments are covered by the provisions on Termination under the Labor Code? 2. What is the protection of a regular employee? 3. What is a regular employee? 4. What is a project employee? 5. What is a seasonal employee? 6. What is a casual employee? 7. What is a probationary employee? 8. How can a probationary employee be terminated? 9. What is an apprentice? 10. What qualifications are required for an apprentice? 11. What is a Learner? 12. What is a Kasambahay? 13. What is a Home Worker? 14. What is the entitlement of an employee who was unjustly dismissed? 15. When will the computation period of the backwages? 16. What are the just causes for termination? 17. How do you balance the management’s right to advance the business and the employee’s right? 18. For a just cause to be upheld, what must be present? 19. Who has the burden of proof? 20. What is ”misconduct”? 21. What is immorality? 22. What kind of order to establish willful disobedience? 23. What is reasonable? 24. What is a defense to a defense that “an employee is ignorant of the rules.” 25. How can abandonment be deemed as negligence? 26. What is fraud or dishonesty? 27. In termination, what is the procedural due process? 28. What are the authorized causes for termination? Required procedure? 29. What is the “twin notice” rule? 30. How should an employee resign? 31. When can an employee resign immediately? 32. When is an employee not deemed terminated? 33. What should the employer do after these events?

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Benefit of anti -competitive conduct - luke wainscoat - 31 august 2019

1. HoustonKemp.com Estimating the benefit of anti- competitive conduct How the maximum penalty for anti- competitive conduct could be calculated Dr Luke Wainscoat 31 August 2019 Competition and Consumer Workshop, Melbourne

2. HoustonKemp.com The maximum penalty 2 3x benefit $10 million vs 10% of turnover $10 million vs But, if benefit cannot be determined: If benefit can be determined:

3. HoustonKemp.com Maximum penalties have almost always been set by reference to turnover 3 Law implemented 2006 2019 Visa Colgate- Palmolive Yazaki NYK Flight Centre Mitsubishi Electric ANZ Renegade Gas K-Line 2013

4. HoustonKemp.com What’s the problem with using turnover? • Law states that benefit should be used when it can be determined • Turnover may lead to sub-optimal deterrence › Penalty can be too low for single-product firm › Penalty can be too high for large firm with many products 4

5. HoustonKemp.com Maximum penalty increases with turnover if benefits not estimated 5

6. HoustonKemp.com Techniques to estimate benefits 6

7. HoustonKemp.com Techniques are available to estimate benefits • Various techniques for estimating the additional profit gained from anti-competitive conduct • Key is to estimate the price that would have occurred in the absence of the conduct 7

8. HoustonKemp.com Before and after technique 8

9. HoustonKemp.com Before and after technique 9

10. HoustonKemp.com Need to know when the conduct started and stopped 10

11. HoustonKemp.com Need to know when the conduct started and stopped 11

12. HoustonKemp.com Need to take other effects on prices into account 12

13. HoustonKemp.com Need to take other effects on prices into account 13

14. HoustonKemp.com Need to take other effects on prices into account 14

15. HoustonKemp.com Difference-in-differences technique 15

16. HoustonKemp.com Difference-in-differences technique 16

17. HoustonKemp.com Difference-in-differences technique 17

18. HoustonKemp.com Conclusion • Benefits have almost never been used to calculate the maximum penalty • Benefits can be calculated, and I expect this will be attempted in the near future 18

19. HoustonKemp.com Sydney Level 40 161 Castlereagh Street Sydney NSW 2000 Phone: +61 2 8880 4800 Singapore 8 Marina View #15-10 Asia Square Tower 1 Singapore 018960 Phone: +65 6817 5010 Contact us

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