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Presentation to Sustainable Economies Law Center webinar on April 30, 2013Local Energy RulesCity policies that overcome the barriers to community renewable energy

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Local Local scaleLocal ownership

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1%A Small Fraction67,000 MWcommunity ownership

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No local ownershipLocal ownership0% 25% 50% 75% 100%But Popularvery negative negative neutral positive very positive60% negative45% positivehttp://www.ilsr.org/community-ownership-boosts-support-renewables/

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Total Jobs, by Project OwnershipEconomic Development Impacts of Community Wind Projects: A Review and Empirical Evaluation (NREL)AbsenteeLocal Up to 2.8x moreAnd Profitable

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Total Economic Impact, by Project OwnershipAbsenteeLocal Up to 3.4x moreEconomic Development Impacts of Community Wind Projects: A Review and Empirical Evaluation (NREL)And Profitable

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5 Barriers✤ Tradition✤ Capital✤ Cash Flow✤ Legal✤ Utility5

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1

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Centralized PowerUtility PerspectiveTransmission networkDistribution networkHouseStorageLocal CHP plantCommercialbuildingFactoryStorageStorageStorageSolar PVpower plantWindpowerplantHouse withdomestic CHPClean, local powerReality“Adapt or Die”

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2

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CapitalHow can they......buy this?

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Rules for Raising Capital

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Type ofregistrationUpfrontCostComplianceCostsRestrictionsFull SEC$100,000-125,000Over $400,000/yr NoneRegulation D$30,000-50,000$10,000/yrAccredited investors;prior relationshipRegulation A$50,000-75,000$10,000/yr $5 million offeringIntra-State$50,000-75,000$10,000/yr (MN) In-state onlyPrivate Minimal MinimalPrior relationship; noadvertising

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Type ofregistrationUpfrontCostComplianceCostsRestrictionsFull SEC$100,000-125,000Over $400,000/yr NoneRegulation D$30,000-50,000$10,000/yrAccredited investors;prior relationshipRegulation A$50,000-75,000$10,000/yr $5 million offeringIntra-State$50,000-75,000$10,000/yr (MN) In-state onlyPrivate Minimal MinimalPrior relationship; noadvertising

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3

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Cash Flow0% 25% 50% 75% 100%20%25%25%30%Minnesota Commercial Solar ProjectFederal tax credit Depreciation State rebate Net metering

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Cash Flow0% 25% 50% 75% 100%100%Germany/Gainesville Commercial Solar ProjectFeed-In Tariff / CLEAN Contract

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4

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A.NonprofitB.CityC.CountyD.CooperativeE.All of the AboveWhich Makes Sense?

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Which Makes Sense?A.NonprofitB.CityC.CountyD.CooperativeE.All of the Above

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Which OneWorks?A.NonprofitB.CityC.CountyD.CooperativeE.All of the Above

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Which OneWorks?A.NonprofitB.CityC.CountyD.CooperativeE.All of the AboveF. None of the Above

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Cash Flow0% 25% 50% 75% 100%20%25%25%30%Minnesota Commercial Solar ProjectFederal tax credit Depreciation State rebate Net metering

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Cash Flow0% 25% 50% 75% 100%20%25%25%15%15%Minnesota Nonprofit Solar ProjectFederal tax credit Middleman Depreciation State rebateNet metering

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Cash Flow0% 25% 50% 75% 100%20%25%25%30%Minnesota Nonprofit Solar ProjectFederal tax credit Depreciation State rebate Net metering

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5

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LEGENDno statutory net metering limitaggregate limit higher than 1% of peakdemandaggregate limit 1% of peak demand orlessLimits on Total Net Metering

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Property Assessed Clean Energy5-6 years 5-6 years10-15 yearsUtilityPACEprogramFederalNonprofitStateAligns FinancingSimplifies Action

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0%10%20%30%40%$6.00 $5.00 $4.00 $3.00 $2.0013%15%19%26%39%5%6%8%12%22%Installed Cost per WattData from The Impact of City-level Permitting Processes on Residential Photovoltaic Installation Prices and Development Times (LBNL, 2013)Better Local Permitting Means Big Solar Savings...the savingsApprox.year for residential installation* 2013 2017 2023*From ILSR’s Rooftop Revolution reports: http://www.ilsr.org/rooftop-revolution/As the cost of solar falls...frompermitting risestreamlined

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Franchise Negotiation

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Municipal Aggregation*Active CCAsNo active CCAs

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MunicipalizeLower ratesBetter reliabilityReduce GHG54% renewable

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Mandate1 kilowatt per new houseSOLARsolar hot water on every new house

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