Caregiving module

1. 11
TVL – HE-CAREGIVING
Quarter 1 – Module 1
PROVIDE CARE AND SUPPORT TO
INFANTS AND TODDLERS (SI)

2. TVL – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Provide Care and Support To Infants and Toddlers (SI)
First Edition, 2020
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Published by the Department of Education
Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Printed in the Philippines by ________________________
Department of Education –Region VII Schools Division of Negros Oriental
Office Address: Kagawasan, Ave., Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental
Tele #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117
E-mail Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph
Development Team of the Module
Writer: Marie Cherrie Ann U. Lazaga
Editors: Jesusa D. Paladar & Leila G. de Guzman
Reviewers: Jesusa D. Paladar & Gina S. Zerna
Typesetter: Emma Concepcion S. Reso-or & Leila G. de Guzman
Management Team: Senen Priscillo P. Paulin, CESO V Rosela R. Abiera
Fay C. Luarez, TM, Ed.D., Ph.D. Maricel S. Rasid
Adolf P. Aguilar, Ed.D.,TM Elmar L. Cabrera
Nilita L. Ragay, Ed.D.
Antonio B. Baguio, Jr. Ed.D.

3. ii
11
TVL
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Provide Care and Support to
Infants and Toddlers (SI)

4. 1
What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the nature of Provide Care and Support to Infants and Toddlers (SI). The scope of
this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations.
The module is divided into three lessons, namely:
Lesson 1 – Provide Care and Support to Infants and Toddlers (SI)
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. Describe the developmental milestones of infants and toddlers.
2. Identify tools and equipment needed to take care of infants and toddlers.
3. Demonstrate proper picking and cuddling of infants and toddlers.
What I Know
Direction: Read each item carefully and use your notebook for your answers.
I. True or False. Write True if the statement if correct and False if otherwise.
1. The caregiver can foster an infant’s trust by keeping him/her warm and dry.
2. The caregiver may assume the role of an absent mother.
3. After feeding, the infant should be encouraged to play.
4. You should impose a one game activity per day.
5. When an infant cry, give food immediately as they are surely hungry.
II. Identification. Identify the word or words asked for by the statements below.
1. Infants are of what age?
2. Toddlers are of what age?
3. At what age do infants learn to sit with support?
4. What is the developmental task for toddlers?
5. Give 2 specific actions that ensure safe environment for toddlers.
6. The baby is crying very hard. What are 2 ways that you can do to console the
baby?

5. 2
Lesson
1
PROVIDE CARE AND
SUPPORT TO INFANTS AND
TODDLERS (SI)
Children, contrary to adults need very close attention. They come in very
tender age, size and level of development. When working with children you will also
be dealing with people who are very important to them – their parents or those
responsible for their upbringing. When a child is sick, everyone in the family is
affected so when working with pediatric clients, you will need to include the parents
in giving care to them.
What’s In
Direction: During your exploratory course in grade 7/8, you had a
lesson on caregiving tools, equipment and paraphernalia. As a review,
kindly list down 10 caregiving tools needed in infant or toddler care.
Write your answers on your notebook.
Notes to the Teacher
This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help you in guiding
the learners. The following are information that would lead to the
activities and assessment. Some activities may need your own
discretion upon checking, or you may use rubric if provided. Please
review the activities and answer keys and amend if necessary.

6. 3
What’s New
Activity 1. Make a 3-stanza poem about infants and toddlers. In it, express your
feelings toward them and how you look at yourself taking care of them. Write this
down on your notebook.
Rubric
Organization
-Sequencing of words and phrases is
logical and the reader is able to follow the
ordering of ideas.
20 POINTS
Word Choice
-The poem uses many price and
descriptive words to develop main ideas
or message about our lesson.
20 POINTS
Expression and Creativity 10 POINTS
Neatness 10 POINTS
TOTAL /60 POINTS

7. 4
What is It
In our society today, the words parents and family can have various meanings.
A child may live with one or both parents. The words biological, foster, adoptive and
step can pertain to various types of parents that may be part or all of a child’s family.
The terms are defined as follows:
• Biological parent – birth (genetic) parent
• Adoptive parent – person who has legally assumed responsibility for
parenting
• Foster parent - person who carries out parenting duties under the
authority of a legal agency
• Stepparent – person who assumes the parenting role by marrying a
birth or adoptive parent
Families may also include combination of parents. For example, a child may
live with the birth father and an adoptive mother or stepmother. Or a child may live
with a single parent, who could be either biological, adoptive, or foster. Other family
arrangements may include the child living with a relative while the parent maintain
the legal custody of the child. Legal Custody refers to the person who has the right
to give consent for hospitalization and for the procedures that may be needed while
the child is hospitalized. This person is also known as the legal guardian. The child
may live with someone other than the legal guardian.
The word family refers to the household unit in which the child lives. Member
of the family may include the parents, siblings (biological, adoptive, or step), and/or
other relatives or persons in the household.
As a caregiver, it is important that you know the child’s caretakers as well as
the person who holds his/her legal custody. In a case that a child is hospitalized,
depending on the child’s age, some hospitals requires at least one family member to
remain at the hospital during the child’s stay. This person, or if it happens that the
job was given to you, you may be required to stay in the room at all times, and cannot
leave the child alone. Therefore, understanding the infant and toddler fully is
paramount to providing appropriate and best care possible.
Developmental Milestones
For each age group, it is expected that the child will have reached a certain
developmental level. Each level is characterized by physical and psychological tasks
that the average child in the group can perform. If you understand the developmental
tasks for each age group, it will be easier to find ways to help and encourage the
child's development during hospitalization. The approaches suggested here should
be personalized for each patient. Some children may appear younger than their

8. 5
stated age due to medical and/or emotional problems. It is also normal for children
to regress (go backward) when hospitalized.
Learning to trust is the primary psychosocial developmental task for the
infant. All infants depend on others for survival; others must meet all their basic
needs. How the infant's needs are met lays the foundation for the infant's developing
personality?
Normally, the mother is the caregiver and prime source for developing trust.
However, when the infant is hospitalized, placed in the institution or just simply your
service is paid for you may assume the role of substitute mother. A caregiver can
continue to develop the infant's trust by responding to her cry and her needs. Trust
is fostered by feeding, holding, touching, and talking to the infant, in addition to
keeping her warm and dry.
Caring for Infants (birth -1 year)
During the first year of life, the normal infant will:
• Double her birth length.
• Triple her birth weight.
• Show progress in gaining mastery over gross motor behavior, beginning with the
head and moving down the trunk toward the feet.
The normal infant begins by gaining head control. The infant then progresses
to rolling over, sitting up, crawling, and walking. These motor skills generally occur
within specific weeks or months of the infant's life. Achievement of these skills is
referred to as the infant's developmental milestones. These milestones are outlined
from birth through two years of age in Table A.
Image from
christianfostercaresa.files.word
press.com
Image from www.unicef.org.uk

9. 6
Table A – 1 NORMAL AGE FOR ATTAINMENT OF MAJOR DEVELOPMENTAL
MILESTONES
Age Motor Skill Language Adaptive Behavior
4-6 wks. Head lifted from
prone position and
turned from side to
side
Cries Smiles
4 mo. No head lag when
pulled to sitting
from supine
position Tries to
grasp large objects
Sounds of pleasure Smiles, laughs
aloud, and shows
pleasure re familiar
objects or persons
5 mo. Voluntary grasp
with both hands
Primitive
"ah goo"
sounds: Smiles at self in
mirror
6 mo. Grasps with one
hand Rolls prone to
supine Sits with
support
Range of
greater
sounds Expresses
displeasure and
food preference
8 mo. Sits without
support Transfers
objects from hand
to hand Rolls
supine to prone
Combines syllables:
"baba,
dada, mama"
Responds to "No"
10 mo. Sits well
Creeping
Stands holding onto
support
Finger-thumb
opposition in
picking up small
objects
Waves "bye-bye,"
plays "patty-cake"
and "peek-a-boo"
12 mo. Stands holding
onto support
Walks with
support
Says two or three
words with
meaning
Understands names
of objects Shows
interest in
pictures
15 mo. Walks alone Several intelligible
words
Requests by
pointing Imitates

10. 7
18 mo. Walks up and Many intelligible Carries out simple
down stairs
holding support
Removes clothes
words commands
2 yrs. Walks up and
down stairs by self
Runs
Two- to three-word
phrases
Organized play
Points to some
parts of body
Source: Mary Fran Hazinski, Nursing Care of the Critically III Child (St. Louis: C.V.
Mosby Company, 1984, p. 387).
It is important for the infant to have consistent mothering. Therefore, it is ideal
to have the mother room-in with her infant. If this is not possible, an alternative
approach is to use the same caregivers for an infant. This means that every time a
nurse or nursing assistant works, he will care for the same infants. Besides being
consistent for the infant, it also allows the caregiver to become familiar with the infant
as a unique person. Consistency is especially important when an infant is between
six and seven months of age. At this age, the infant normally begins to display a fear
of strangers.
Communicating with Infants
Working with infants can be challenging because the infant cannot tell the
caregiver in words what he wants or needs. The infant communicates with his cry
and body movements. The cry can vary depending on needs. Just as a mother learns
to interpret the sound of her infant's cry, the caregiver will also learn to interpret the
meanings of the cry by caring for the infant. Infants respond to voices, faces, and
touch. You should talk to the infant whenever you are giving personal care such as
bathing, feeding, or holding.
Image from assets.babycenter.com

11. 8
The Waking Hours
When the infant is awake, she needs to explore the environment. Age-
appropriate toys are provided so that the infant can continue development while in
the hospital. Appropriate toys include colorful mobiles, rattles, and mirrors.
Importance of Families
Siblings of the infant should be allowed to visit while the infant is hospitalized.
Toddlers and preschoolers engage in "magical thinking." In other words, they believe
that if they wish the infant to be sick, it happens, or if they wish the baby to be gone
she won't be back. Therefore, it is important for both toddlers and preschoolers to
see their infant sibling. If the mother is rooming-in with the infant, it is also important
for toddlers and preschoolers to see and talk to their mother.
Caring for Toddlers (1-3 Years)
Toddlers try to be independent and in control so taking care of them could be
also as much challenging as when you take care of infants. At the age of 1-3 years
the child:
- Increase motor coordination
- Becomes more verbal
- Becomes more curious about the world
This is also the time when parents or you start to do toilet training and set limits to
the child’s behavior. The developmental task at this age is autonomy.
When caring for toddlers, allow them as much independence and choice as
possible. Let them feed, dress or wash themselves. Avoid situations that could create
a struggle for the child and a nightmare for you. Be patient when it takes them long
to take a bath or finish their food. Ask the mother for the child’s routine activities.
Try to follow this as much as possible.
Toddlers have very short attention span so prepare variety of activities to make
them be amused. For example, finger painting, moving cars or trucks, coloring,
handling blocks, push-pull toys and reading of stories. You may also add doll dress-
ups.
Ensuring a safe environment for Toddlers:
a. All poisonous liquids or anything should be locked inside the cabinet.
b. Electrical sockets should have protective covers
c. Never leave toddler alone in the bath tub or bath room.
d. Keep bed or crib side rails up when the baby is on bed.
e. Supervise when playing with balloons.
f. Do not give toys with sharp edges.

12. 9
Calming and Consoling Infants and Toddlers
All babies are really but a once they become fussy, they can undeniably also
become stressful to take care of. More than this of course, as a caregiver, your
topmost priority is to make your little boss comfortable and at ease.
Here are ways to calm your crying baby.
1. Swaddle the baby
This is done by wrapping a blanket snuggly around the baby’s body. This
resembles the mother’s womb thus making the baby at ease. When putting
the baby to sleep, make sure that you place him/her on his/her back to avoid
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). Stop swaddling when baby starts
rolling and usually this starts to happen on the 2nd month onward.
2. Hold the baby on your arms and place his/her body on his/her left side. This
will aid in digestion. Gently rub the back and once the baby sleeps, place on
the crib on her back.
3. Turn on calming music. This will remind the baby the time when he/she was
still inside the womb.
Image fr om firstcryindia.files.wordpress.com
Image from www.healthychildren.org
Image from i.ytimg.com

13. 10
4. Place baby in a baby carrier and walk or rock her. This will remind him/her
the movements felt when still inside the womb.
5. Avoid overfeeding the baby. Wait for at least 2 hours since the last feeding
before giving him/her again any food. For the mean time, you may offer the
doctor’s approved pacifier.
6. Keep a diary when the baby is awake, asleep, eating and crying. This will guide
you through and be prepare for the baby’s daily routine. Note though that this
changes from time to time.
You may also take these cues to know exactly what the baby needs:
1. Hungry. You may have missed the scheduled meal time or snack time
already.
2. Cold or Hot. Dress your baby in accordance to the weather. Take a hint of
yourself, put on the same layer of clothing as you to make him/her
comfortable.
3. Wet or soiled. Check the baby’s diaper. Clean and change if necessary.
4. Sick. Check the body temperature. The baby will certainly be uncomfortable
once febrile.
5. Bored. Yes, Babies can also be bored too! Take them for a walk by arms or in
a stroller. You may also sing or hum for them.
Here are procedures to follow to ensure proper handling of infants and toddlers:
A. Picking Up a Baby Who is Lying Down
1. Lean close to the baby. By doing this, move close to the baby’s crib or bed.
Widen your base of support by spreading your legs and bend your knees.
Remember to always observe proper body mechanics.
2. Reach toward the baby from somewhere the baby can see you.
Image from www.youngparents.com.sg

14. 11
3. Place your hands under the baby. Put one hand under the head with the
fingers spread wide to support the neck. Usually this goes on until the
baby can already support his/her neck which usually happens at 6
months of age onward. The other hand should be under the bottom.
4. Lift the baby and bring close to your body.
B. Cuddling the Baby
1. Hold your baby in your arms (wrap your arms around the baby comfortably
and securely) with his/her head comfortably nestling on your neck.
2. Sway your body or do some slow, rhythmic movements to calm the baby.
3. You may sing or hum for the baby.
What’s More
Directions: List down some ways to calm to a crying baby, write your answer in your
notebook.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What I Have Learned
Direction: Write a reflection of your learning about this lesson using the following
guide phrases.
I have learned that
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
I have realized that
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

15. 12
I will apply
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Rubric
Areas of
Assessment 10 points 7 points 4 points 1 point
Ideas
Presents ideas
in an original
manner
Presents ideas
in a consistent
manner
Ideas are too
general
Ideas are vague
or unclear
Organization Strong and
organized
beg/mid/end
Organized
beg/mid/end
Some
organization;
attempt at the
beg/mid/end
No
organization;
lack
beg/mid/end
Understanding Writing shows
strong
understanding
Writing shows
a clear
understanding
Writing shows
adequate
understanding
Writing shows
little
understanding
Mechanics Few (if any)
errors
Few errors Several errors Numerous
errors
TOTAL POINTS
What I Can Do
You have already studied about providing care and support to infants and toddlers.
Now it’s time for you to show what you have learned!
Activity 1.
Instruction: Choose what activity you will do from the 2 given options below. Follow
the instructions provided for the option that you have chosen.

16. 13
Option 1: If you have a smartphone or video camera and a baby at home make a
video demonstration on the steps in picking up a baby who is lying down
on the bed. Explain each step that you perform.
Option 2: If video demonstration is not a thing for you then take short bond papers
and draw all the steps in picking up a baby who is lying down on bed.
Each of your drawing must be legibly done so you are only allowed to draw
a maximum of 2 steps in in each sheet. Explain each of your drawing
well.
Note: You will be rated according to the following criteria.
Level of Performance Score
Equivalent
Performed/drawn all four steps in Picking Up a Baby Who is Lying
Down on the Bed chronologically and efficiently.
10
Performed/drawn 3 steps in Picking Up a Baby Who is Lying Down on
the Bed chronologically and efficiently.
8
Performed/drawn 2 steps in Picking Up a Baby Who is Lying Down on
the Bed chronologically and efficiently.
6
Performed/drawn 1 step in Picking Up a Baby Who is Lying Down on
the Bed chronologically and efficiently.
4
Failed to perform steps in Picking Up a Baby Who is Lying on the Bed
chronologically and correctly.
0
Assessment
I. Correct or Wrong. Write Correct if the statement if right and Wrong if otherwise.
Write your answer in your notebook.
1. The caregiving can foster an infant’s sense of trust by keeping the baby warm and
dry.
2. Infants are aged 0-1-year-old.
3. A child doubles her length at the first year of life.
4. The caregiver becomes the second mother of the baby.

17. 14
5. To ease a baby’s discomfort, wrap him around your arms with his body positioning
to his right as this will aid in digestion.
II. Matching. Copy in your notebook and choose the correct word from Group B to
match each phrase from Group A.
Group A
1. _______ physical and psychological achievements.
2. _______ a person married to the biological parent.
3. _______ birth parent
4. _______ self-determination
5. _______ wrapping the baby snuggly with a cloth.
Group B
a. Swaddle
b. Biological parent
c. Autonomy
d. Stepparent
e. Developmental Milestones
f. Developmental Tasks
Additional Activities
Straight to the Point. Reach each question carefully and answer them correctly.
Questions:
1. What are the common reasons you should be on a lookout for whenever an
infant cries? (Give 4 answers. 1 point for each correct answer)
2. How do you maintain a safe environment for toddlers? (Give only 3 and explain
each. 1 point for each correct answer and explanation. Correct answer but the
explanation is wrong = No point)

18. 15
Answer Key
Assessment
I.
1.
Correct
2.
Correct
3.
Correct
4.
Correct
5.
Wrong
II.
1.
Developmental
2.
step-parent
3.
biological
4.
autonomy
5.
swaddle
Additional
Activity
1.
Any
of
the
following:
a.
Hungry.
You
may
have
missed
the
scheduled
meal
time
or
snack
time
already.
b.
Cold
or
Hot.
Dress
your
baby
in
accordance
to
the
weather.
Take
a
hint
of
yourself,
put
on
the
same
layer
of
clothing
as
you
to
make
him/her
comfortable.
c.
Wet
or
soiled.
Check
the
baby’s
diaper.
Clean
and
change
if
necessary.
d.
Sick.
Check
the
body
temperature.
The
baby
will
certainly
be
uncomfortable
once
febrile.
e.
Bored.
Yes,
Babies
can
also
be
bored
too!
Take
them
for
a
walk
by
arms
or
in
a
stroller.
You
may
also
sing
or
hum
for
them2.
Any
of
the
following:
2.
Any
of
the
following
Ensuring
a
safe
environment
for
Toddlers:
a.
All
poisonous
liquids
or
anything
should
be
locked
inside
the
cabinet.
b.
Electrical
sockets
should
have
protective
covers
c.
Never
leave
toddler
alone
in
the
bath
tub
or
bath
room.
d.
Keep
bed
or
crib
side
rails
up
when
the
baby
is
on
bed.
e.
Supervise
when
playing
with
balloons.
f.
Do
not
give
toys
with
sharp
edges.
What’s
More
1.
Swaddle
the
baby
2.
Hold
the
baby
on
your
arms
and
place
his/her
body
on
his/her
left
side.
This
will
aid
in
digestion.
Gently
rub
the
back
and
once
the
baby
sleeps,
place
on
the
crib
on
her
back.
3.
Turn
on
calming
music.
This
will
remind
the
baby
the
time
when
he/she
was
still
inside
the
womb.
4.
Place
baby
in
a
baby
carrier
and
walk
or
rock
her.
This
will
remind
him/her
the
movements
felt
when
still
inside
the
womb.
5.
Avoid
overfeeding
the
baby.
6.
Keep
a
diary
when
the
baby
is
awake,
asleep,
eating
and
crying
What
I
Can
Do
Answers
may
vary
What
I
Can
Do
Answers
may
vary

19. 16
What’s
In
1.
Bottle
Sterilizer
2.
Thermometer
3.
Airpot
What
I
Know
I.
True
or
False.
Write
True
if
the
statement
if
correct
and
False
if
otherwise.
1.
True
2.
True
3.
False
4.
False
5.
False
II.
Identification.
Identify
the
word
or
words
asked
for
by
the
statements
below.
1.
0-1-year-old
2.
1-3-year
old
3.
6
months
4.
autonomy
5.
Any
of
the
following:
a.
All
poisonous
liquids
or
anything
should
be
locked
inside
the
cabinet.
b.
Electrical
sockets
should
have
protective
covers
c.
Never
leave
toddler
alone
in
the
bath
tub
or
bath
room.
d.
Keep
bed
or
crib
side
rails
up
when
the
baby
is
on
bed.
e.
Supervise
when
playing
with
balloons.
f.
Do
not
give
toys
with
sharp
edges.
6.
Any
of
the
following:
swaddle
the
baby,
hold
baby
on
arms,
turn
on
soothing
or
calming
music
or
hum
or
sing,
put
on
carrier
and
walk
or
rock,
avoid
overfeeding
and
keep
a
diary
of
child’s
activity.

20. 17
References
Barbara R. Hegner, et al., Nursing Assistant: A Nursing Process Approach 9th
Edition, Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning
Online References:
https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-
stages/baby/cryingcolic/Pages/Calming-A-Fussy-Baby.aspx
https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-
stages/baby/diapersclothing/Pages/Swaddling-Is-it-Safe.aspx
https://www.cdc.gov/parents/infants/milestones.html
https://howtoadult.com/cuddle-baby-8429.html
https://www.wikihow.mom/Pick-Up-a-Baby

21. 18
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Schools Division of Negros Oriental
Kagawasan, Avenue, Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental
Tel #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117
Email Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph Website:
lrmds.depednodis.net