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對粗俗話佮親屬稱謂看台語的家族觀
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對粗俗話佮親屬稱謂看台語的家族觀
1.
對粗俗話佮親屬稱謂 看台語的家族觀 林佳怡 語言與認知期末報告
2.
前言 • 語言建構認知,認知形塑語言 • 本文要探討台語的粗俗語與台語語族的價值觀, 特別是家族觀和性別觀,之間的關聯 •
「姦恁娘」及其相關的詈語,之所以會成為台語 中最具攻擊力的咒罵語,筆者認為與台語的家族 觀有關係,本文也將透過台語的親屬稱謂、台灣 的嫁娶習俗來檢視其間的關聯
3.
一、粗俗話的種類 • 1.咒罵人用的詈語 ▫ 性交或性暴力:姦恁娘(膣屄)
、駛恁娘 ▫ 性器官:(臭)膣屄、𡳞蔓、(虎)𡳞、𡳞神、(漚)𡳞鳥 ▫ 死亡:哭爸、路旁屍、夭壽、膨肚短命、孤𣮈絕種、 死無人哭 • 2.表示情緒的粗俗話: ▫ (臭)膣屄、𡳞蔓、 (虎)𡳞、𡳞神、 (漚)𡳞鳥 • 3.牽涉性比喻的一般用語: ▫ 嘐潲、𪁎趒、扶𡳞脬
4.
• (1)性交或性暴力:對女性,主要是對方的母親, 施予以言語性暴力,是最為惡毒的咒罵 • (2)性器官:女性性器官為較為廣泛和程度上較嚴 重的咒罵,只會使用在女性身上,男性性器官則 除了程度上較輕微之外,多有某種特定語意,非 單純的情緒性咒罵 •
(3)死亡:死亡本身不是重點,而是父親的死亡、 夭折與無子嗣 • 相較與以𡳞罵人、指涉他人,潲多用來表達個人 情緒。不會使用女性相關的詞彙來表達情緒,暗 示了女性不被允許擁有情緒表達的權力
5.
二、台灣的嫁娶禮俗與親屬稱謂 • 嫁娶儀式展現的家庭重組: ▫ 基本概念是嫁,把這這一家的女兒變成另一家的媳 婦,變成另一家的人,不是原生家庭的一員。 ▫
聘金與嫁妝,金錢的較量與女性的未來可能的遭遇 • 稱謂展現的從屬性 ▫ 阿伯 阿姆 阿叔 阿嬸 ▫ 阿姑/姑丈 阿姨/姨丈 阿舅 阿妗 ▫ 妻子需跟著丈夫叫,降一輩
6.
三、台灣人的家族觀與性別概念 • 血緣的正統與輩分:從這些罵人的粗俗語,可以 看出台灣人對於血緣及血緣正統的重視,正因為 血緣是重要的,因此「姦恁娘」系列的詈語,背 後暗示了雜種,以及貶抑對方的輩分 • 血緣佮財產分配:而血緣之所以如此重要,背後 的因素是財產的分配,長子、長孫、男性子嗣為 財產分配的重點,這種嫡系結構的堅固,催生了 貶抑及破壞此結構的罵人邏輯
7.
• 內外之分:同樣的概念也可以從親屬稱謂看出端 倪。內孫與外孫、同姓與異姓,也是財產分配的 邏輯。其中,姑的角色就相當特別, 所謂「姑疼 孫是仝姓」,但出嫁後又是外人 •
性別概念:女性的價值在於生養男性子嗣,其價 值依附在兒子上,進一步導致女性地位低落、無 自主意識與情緒表達的權力(女性無我) • 語言與家族認知的互相加強:這些概念透過語言 流傳,語言流傳又加深了這些概念,並幫助傳播
8.
四、改變語言是否可能改變觀念 • 德國為消彌性別不平等,竟推動鼓勵民眾在語言 中使用中性的性別標記,以鬆動德語中詞彙與性 別標記的連結,從語言結構改變人的認知 • 台語可能的做法: ▫
抹去語言並不恰當,但可以加強語言性別教育 ▫ 如果粗俗語不可避免,則可以反過來創造具有性別 對應性的粗俗語,例如范雲的「姦恁爸」 ▫ 在此之前必須先為女性說髒話去汙名化,給女性言 說粗俗語的空間和自由
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