There is no class 5; that was an exam.

1. Phonetics ~ Class 4
CD 233
Lisa Lavoie

2. Today
Cover HWs 4 and 5 (flaps, wedge)
Find stress on related words and in
dialect variation
Read transcribed words and animal Qs
Finer points of vowels
Tense and lax pairs
Circle back to cot/caught merger
Differentiate /e, o/ from their fake diphthong
versions

3. Six working groups tonight
Count off in 6’s
Group yourselves with others of your
number
We’ll work together in those groups
tonight

4. How do you determine the stress?
Methods to try
Tapping out the syllables
Overstressing each syllable in turn
Say the word with hurt incredulity and see
which syllable goes up the highest in pitch
See what is going on with p t k, esp. t
(flapping)

5. Stress impacts transcription
Remember, stress determines:
ʌ ɝ vs. ə ɚ
“Pervert,” “stirrer,” “fervor,” “murderer”
“Above,” “adjust,” “ruckus”
Flapping depends on stress

6. Where’s the stress? A
Reveal
Romantic
Secrets
Dramatic
Longitudinal
Development
Marginal
Return
Investment
Carbonated
Beverage
Hydration

7. Where’s the stress? B
University
Cafeteria
Gymnasium
Laboratory
Library
Librarian
Phenomenal
Stupendous
Terrific
Fantastic
Awesome
Unbelievable

8. Where’s the stress? C
Appetite
Falsetto
Buckaroo
Cameo
Optical
Sentiment
Bulgaria
Penelope
Hyperbole
Virtuoso
Kamikaze

9. Related words A
Major
Idiot
Reveal
Manic
Oblige
Preserve
Liberty

10. Related words B
Felony
Aristocrat
Courage
Plural
Terror
Surrender
Compute

11. Related words C
Mandate
Repeat
Perspire
Create
Paralyze
Colony
Magic

12. Stress shifting words
English wants alternating stresses
We hate two stressed syllables next to
each other so we sometimes fix it up
Buckaroo vs. Buckaroo Banzai
Afternoon vs. Afternoon tea
Teens are quite changeable (13 – 19)

13. Stress variation in words
Canadians: elementary, corollary
Just American, I think:
Harassment, adult, kilometer, applicable,
Address, cigarette, complex, mischievous,
Submarine, umbrella, vehicle, raccoon
Caribbean, advertisement

14. Another phonetics book says…
These words vary in stress or pronunciation
What do we think?
Abdomen, height, neither,
Advertisement, coupon, homage
Humble, apricot, zoology
Interesting, comparable, bouquet, finance
Forehead, insurance, often, illustrative

15. Cot/caught merger (Don/Dawn)
Also called “low back” merger
Possum rhymes with awesome
50% of US merges them now and it’s
spreading…
From Telsur
http://www.ling.upenn.edu/phono_atlas
/maps/Map1.html

16. Low back vowels: ɑ, ɔ, ɒ
ɑ
ɔ
Cot
Caught
Don
Dawn
Stock
Stalk
Father
Dog
Lot
Fall
Mom
Long

17. Low back vowels: ɑ, ɔ, ɒ
ɑ
Pond
Fonz
Odd
Collar
Body
Wok
 Hock
ɔ
Pawned
Fawns
Awed
Caller
Bawdy
Walk
Hawk

18. Other names for the merger
 Hottie
 Otto
 Gotti
 Bobble
 Cod
 Lager
 Pod
 Yon
 Cock
 Haughty
 Auto
 Gaudy
 Bauble
 Cawed
 Logger
 Pawed
 Yawn
 Caulk

19. Tense and lax vowels
Think about monosyllabic words with
these vowels:
i, ɪ, e, ɛ, æ, u, ʊ, o, ɔ, ɑ, ɝ, ʌ
Can they have a coda consonant?
Must they have a coda consonant?

20. Mid-vowels as monophthongs
http://www.phonetics.ucla.edu/course/ch
apter4/ex4.html
Canadian monophthongs e, o
http://ic-migration.
webhost.uits.arizona.edu/icfile
s/ic/lsp/site/#monophthongs

21. Mid-vowel “contrasts”…
 e vs. eɪ
 Decade vs. decayed
 Dayton vs. day time
 Replay vs played
 Prayed vs. parade
 Examination vs.
nation
 o vs. oʊ
 Bellow vs. Below
 Hotel vs. Whole
 Romantic vs. Rome
 Rotate vs. road
 Bodacious vs. bode
 Prohibit vs. probe
 Suppose vs. Pose

22. California English
Lots of current research going on
http://www.pbs.org/speak/seatosea/ame
ricanvarieties/californian/

23. Eckert on California Vowels
 California shift
 Adolescent girls lead sound change
 Especially evident in “drama queens”
 http://www.stanford.edu/~eckert/vowels.html
 Vowel ɪ before ŋ becomes i
 As rule: ɪ –> i / _ ŋ

24. New Info on California Vowels
Ladefoged 1999 reports that …
California English is monophthongizing
the eɪ and oʊ diphthongs
 eɪ become e (though there’s still a little
off-glide so perhaps ej)
 oʊ becomes ɔ (interestingly not o)

25. The Californians
Recurring SNL skit
Listen for
Mid vowels
Glottal stops instead of /t/
http://www.hulu.com/watch/350669

26. Lumpy Space Princess (LSP)
From Adventure Time
She shows characteristics of the
California monophthongization that
Ladefoged discusses
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=dmC1vknpqgg
How would you describe LSP?

27. Nicknames
I hope you were thinking about
nicknames and shortened references
What’s the relationship between
common nicknames and the stress?
Examples of Christopher, Randolph,
David, William, Kevin nicknames

28. For next class
Review all the transcription you have
done so far
Working on the sheet on transcribing
related words will help you build
confidence in variation

31. Amount of aspiration
Record
Conduct
Suppose
Toddy
Record
Conduct
Supper
Today

32. Perfect Boston Accent
Medford City Councilor
FYI: “tot lot” is a little kid playground
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=RbK4cL3QSc0
Discuss typewriter a used in Boston
accent

33. Tongue Twisters
 She sells seashells by the seashore
 She’s so sick and she’s so sore
 A shout from the south sought the (sleeping) sheriff
 Silver slivers simmer softly in the sunlight
 What’s perseverating here?

34. Jacques Cousteau
Or Jacques Pepin
Dana Carvey as Jacques Cousteau SNL
http://www.break.com/tv-shows/
saturday-night-live/dana-carvey-as-
jacques-cousteau-2158938.html

35. Another stress tongue twister
 Decide to de-stress not distress from your stress,
 Decide to deplete and digress don't distress!
 Do not be stressed by distress caused by stress,
 Decisively set your own course for success.