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Estonian vernacular architecture good
- 2. The Estonian Farmhouse ❖ A fundamentally different architectural style from similar building in neighbouring countries ❖ Its evolution is connected with ➢ the Estonian staple black bread, ➢ an agrarian tradition dating back some 4000 years, with the threshing barn and dwelling housed under the same roof, thatched with reeds or rye straw
- 3. The Estonian farmhouse ❖ A traditional farmhouse is a long chimney-less building with low walls of horizontal logs and a high straw thatched roof ➢ the log walls are one third and the roof two thirds of the total building height ❖ The build has three sections: ➢ the threshing floor, ➢ the kiln room, which was the only heated room and all indoor activities were carried out there, in the autumn it was used to dry grain, ➢ the dwelling chamber ❖ From summer to autumn cooking was performed in an external summer kitchen and people slept in hay lofts and store rooms
- 4. Shadoof ❖ An upright frame on which is suspended a long pole or branch, at a distance of about one-fifth of its length from one end ➢ At the long end of this pole hangs a bucket ➢ The short end carries a weight which serves as the counterpoise of a lever ❖ With an almost effortless swinging and lifting motion, the waterproof vessel is used to scoop up and carry water from a body of water onto land or to another body of water ❖ Tuhala witch’s well is the most known example of this in Estonia
- 5. Log buildings ❖ The first log buildings in the Estonian region were built at least 2000 years ago ❖ Both dwelling houses and outbuildings typically were built of round logs until the middle of the 19th century ❖ Hewn logs were used for manors and public houses ❖ Axes were the sole tools in the construction of log buildings until the 1860s ❖ The traditional species of choice for log building were ➢ the Norway spruce (Picea abies), ➢ the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris)
- 6. Log buildings ❖ Foundations were generally primitive, with walls supported by piers of quarried stone, infilled with loose stone, rubble, clay or sand ❖ After the second part of the 19th century, lime mortar use became widespread even in rural areas ➢ the quality of the foundations increased, ➢ the lifespan of the buildings lengthened ❖ Birch bark served as a barrier against damp between the first log and the stone foundation
- 7. Log buildings ❖ Dowels or keys placed at intervals along the logs helped bind larger walls ❖ To keep walls in plane at door and window openings, plank jambs were grooved into log ends at the openings ➢ side jambs typically cut 5 percent short allowed wall logs to shrink and settle ❖ Log diameters varied with building type ➢ for houses and barns it was generally 18 to 25 centimeters ➢ in the traditional full-scribe procedure, the corner joint was scribed first and then, the bottom of the upper log was grooved and scribed to fit the lower
- 8. Log building types ❖ With widespread use of the crosscut saw in the mid-19th century ➢ the järsknurk (“steep corner”) joint, became the most popular for buildings with log walls exposed to the exterior ❖ In the town milieu, and in rural areas beginning in the 20th century ➢ the kalasaba tapp (“fishtail notch”) became the preferred corner joint järsknurk joint kalasabatapp
- 9. Mihkli Farm Museum in Viki village, Saare county
- 10. Sassi-Jaani farmstead in Estonian Open Air Museum
- 11. farmhouse kiln room farmhouse storeroom
- 14. Koerakaelatapp (“dog neck notch”)
- 15. Norra tapp (“Norway notch”)