2. • MS is a potentially disabling disease of the brain and
spinal cord.
• The immune system attacks the protective sheath
(myelin) that covers nerve fibers and causes
communication problems between your brain and the rest
of your body.
• MS can cause the nerves themselves to deteriorate or
become permanently damaged
• No cure for MS only treatments to help manage symptoms
and help recovery from attacks.
• The Cause for MS is unknown -combination of genetics
and environmental factors appears to be responsible.
3.
4. • Numbness or weakness in one or more limbs that typically occurs on one
side of your body at a time, or the legs and trunk
• Partial or complete loss of vision, usually in one eye at a time, often with pain
during eye movement
• Prolonged double vision
• Tingling or pain in parts of your body
• Electric-shock sensations that occur with certain neck movements,
especially bending the neck forward
• Tremor, lack of coordination or unsteady gait
• Slurred speech
• Fatigue
• Dizziness
• Problems with bowel and bladder function
5.
6. • Age. MS can occur at any age, but most commonly affects people between the
ages of 15 and 60.
• Sex. Women are about twice as likely as men are to develop MS.
• Family history. If one of your parents or siblings has had MS, you are at
higher risk of developing the disease.
• Certain infections. A variety of viruses have been linked to MS, including
Epstein-Barr, the virus that causes infectious mononucleosis.
• Race. White people, particularly those of Northern European descent, are at
highest risk of developing MS. People of Asian, African or Native American
descent have the lowest risk.
• Climate. MS is far more common in countries with temperate climates,
including Canada, the northern United States, New Zealand, southeastern
Australia and Europe
• Certain autoimmune diseases. You have a slightly higher risk of developing
MS if you have thyroid disease, type 1 diabetes or inflammatory bowel disease.
• Smoking. Smokers who experience an initial event of symptoms that may
signal MS are more likely than nonsmokers to develop a second event that
confirms relapsing-remitting MS.
7. • Muscle stiffness or spasms
• Paralysis, typically in the legs
• Problems with bladder, bowel or sexual function
• Mental changes, such as forgetfulness or mood
swings
• Depression
• Epilepsy
8. • Multiple sclerosis is often difficult to diagnose as symptoms
are so varied and can resemble other diseases. It is often
diagnosed by a process of exclusion – that is, by ruling out
other neurological diseases – so the diagnosis of MS may
take months to years. A physician will do a complete history
and neurological exam, along with tests to evaluate mental,
emotional and language functions, strength, coordination,
balance, reflexes, gait, and vision.
• Tests to help confirm the diagnosis of MS include:
• MRI
• Electrophysiological test
• Cerebrospinal fluid exam (spinal tap, lumbar puncture)
9.
10.
11. • There are several aspects to treating multiple
sclerosis.
• Modifying the disease – there are several drugs that
can reduce the severity and frequency of relapses
• Treating exacerbations (or attacks) with high dose
corticosteroids
• Managing symptoms
• Rehabilitation both for fitness and to manage energy
levels
• Emotional support
12.
13.
14. • Life cover - loadings added
• CIB – Declined
• DIS – Declined
• SP – Declined
• The same applies to the Secondary
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