This document discusses using noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) to increase appropriate behavior in students. NCR involves providing reinforcement like praise or attention on a fixed schedule regardless of the student's behavior. Studies have found NCR combined with other interventions can increase on-task behavior and decrease problem behaviors. The document recommends schools frequently provide all students with NCR through check-ins and positive attention to make the classroom a more rewarding environment for appropriate conduct.
1. Reinforcers are added to environments on a consistent basis,
independent of the student’s behavior.
NCR raises the general level of
reinforcement in the environment
by adding preferred reinforcing
and stimulating materials/
activities/attention.
Austin & Soeda (2008), found
delivering praise on a fixed
schedule to students with
disabilities increased their on-
task behaviors.
Doughty & Anderson (2006),
found pairing NCR with
functional communication
training increased the partici-
pant’s communication and
decreased their problem
behaviors.
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Every 15 minutes, check-in with the student and ask them one question about the
current activity they are engaged in.
Provide 4 non-verbal forms of attention to a student each class period.
Non-verbal attention may include high-five, pat on the back, thumbs-up, smile.
Consider frequently providing students with noncontingent
reinforcement to increase the reinforcing effects of the environment.
Provide NCR on a set schedule regardless of the student’s
current behavior, the student does not need to complete a specific
task to receive the reinforcer. Setting a fixed schedule makes it easier
for staff to consistently implement.
Anywhere! NCR can be used anywhere a student goes,
naturally throughout the current activity.
Anyone! NCR should be function-based, the reinforcer should
match the function of the behavior. Utilize with a student who is
consistently engaging in inappropriate attention-seeking behavior.
NCR is designed to provide students with the attention they
value, thereby reducing the likelihood of them seeking that attention
in less acceptable ways.
Determine if the behavior is attention-seeking, set a fixed
schedule of time to provide NCR, and provide attention on that
schedule. Attention may include: greeting, checking-in, praise
(verbal or non-verbal).