MEMODate SEPTEMBER 29, 2022 To CITY OF COLUMBUS MA.docx

MEMO
Date: SEPTEMBER 29, 2022
To: CITY OF COLUMBUS MAYOR ANDREW GINTHER
From:
SUBJECT: MEMO & SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE COLUMBUS,
OHIO POLICE DEPARTMENT
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The accompanying SWOT analysis was developed to identify
levels of trust in the CPD, considering the high crime rate in
Columbus, Ohio and the violence often connected to it. The
youth and community interactions are highlighted as strengths
and opportunities, whereas public distrust and crime are
highlighted as weaknesses and threats, respectively. So, my
suggestions for the CPD are to use crisis professionals in
nonviolent situations (such mental health and homeless crises)
and to give diversity in hiring top priority.
BACKGROUND
Crime in Columbus, Ohio, is so high that "more than 96% of the
other municipalities [in Ohio] have a lower crime rate," making
it one of the most dangerous cities in the country. Given the
police's efforts to increase public safety, some may question the
force's current standing. CPD's credibility has been damaged
since the outbreak began as a result of the officers' fatally
shooting of unarmed African Americans and the use of tear gas
and rubber bullets on hundreds of protesters during the Black
Lives Matter Movement (Wedd,2020). The U.S. Department of
Justice has launched an investigation into the CPD because of
these misdeeds, looking into their policies, procedures, and any
racial prejudices.
SWOT ANALYSIS
After compiling the foregoing information, I developed the
SWOT analysis of the CPD in the bellow attached. With the
crime rate always on the rise and the public demanding action
from law enforcement, one must wonder: do people still have

faith in the Columbus Police Department? It is the goal of the
SWOT analysis to shed light on the sources of distrust and the
means by which trust can be reestablished in those sources.
Youth engagement, fundraising prowess, and departmental
effectiveness are all areas in which the CPD excels
(Wedd,2020). There is a lot of mistrust in the public, and the
reputation of executives and the workers are both falling. They
have potential in attracting a more diverse workforce and
gaining the trust of young people and communities. An increase
in violent crime, public discontent, and reluctance on the part of
the public to call the police will pose serious challenges for the
Columbus Police Department.
RECOMMENDATIONS
First, in situations where police intervention is unnecessary
(such as nonviolent mental health crises, suicide threats, and
homeless crises), I advocate for the use of trained crisis experts
rather than solely police personnel. specially at this time when
public faith in law enforcement is low and crime rates are high,
deploying police to areas where they are most needed and
appreciated can make communities safer overall. In addition,
many people think "police officers and police organizations are
incapable of repairing themselves" because of policing's racist
origins. Additionally, 73% of respondents in the poll felt that
mental health crises and non-weapon suicide threats did not
necessitate a police response. Secondly, departments have
historically pushed for greater diverse hiring during periods of
civic disturbance, such as the 1960s (History Makers). Because
of this, my second policy suggestion is to increase the diversity
of the police force. This is especially important in light of the
fact that police forces around the country are experiencing
staffing shortages (Wedd,2020).

SWOT ANALYSIS
Strengths
Many youth-serving groups have helped strengthen ties to the
local youth community by:
First, mentoring young people is a key component of the
Columbus Police Department's (CPD) Strategic Plan for
Diversity in Police Recruitment, which aims to increase the
number of underrepresented students who graduate from CPD-
affiliated schools in Columbus (Echave,2018).
They also encourage young persons to pursue a profession in
law enforcement, the government has established the Public
Safety Corps, a mentoring initiative. Solid community-wide
fundraising activities, which include:
They help fund medical studies by contributing to organizations
like the "James Fund for Life." Superior Performance Across
All Departments

There were 45 missing children found and 179 people arrested
thanks to the Human Trafficking Task Force's record-breaking
October partnership with agencies across Ohio.
Weaknesses
Negative public opinion: The killings of unarmed African-
Americans like Andre Hill in December and Ma'Khia Bryant,
16, in April are only two examples of what has sparked this
outrage. More than two dozen people who participated in
peaceful Black Lives Matter protests have filed lawsuits against
the police for using excessive force (Echave,2018). Falling
executive standing
It is publicly known that the United States Department of
Justice has initiated a review in the actions and policies of the
Columbus Division of Police, particularly as they relate to
racial injustice.
An injunction was issued in April by a U.S. District Court Judge
prohibiting the CPD from using tear gas or wooden bullets on
peaceful protesters.
Human resource shortage: As a result of "pandemic fatigue and
frayed community relations, after a year marked by an
escalating cycle of protest and harsh police response," a
significant number of CPD officers have resigned in recent
months.
Opportunities
The new Youth Services unit has potential for growth as a tool
for mending bridges across communities. Engagement activities
involving the police and the local community. We need to
promote more frequent gatherings like the Neighborhood Unity
Walk and "Connection with the Latino Community" to increase
communication and build bridges of trust (Wedd,2020).
Advocating for a more diverse workforce (Echave,2018). As
CPD personnel continue to dwindle, it is imperative that the
department make hiring a more inclusive workforce a top
priority.
Threats
An increase in violent crime: Violent crime (including murder,

rape, robbery, and serious assault) has increased at an
unprecedented rate during 2015–2019 (Wedd,2020). Racism and
the subsequent civil unrest prompted Columbus, Ohio to
proclaim June 1 a public health emergency. No one wants to call
the police for fear of retaliation. As a result of the distrust of
the police, the police are unable to carry out their duties
effectively.
References
Wedd, A. (2020). Economic Crime in Columbus Following the
Opening of a Casino, OCJS Research Brief, Volume 4, Issue 1.
Dr Ozdoswski, R & RY, S. From Unsolved Crime Numbers to
other Forensic Statistics: Opole Department’s Observations
Using Bayesian Modeling
Echave, P. A. (2018).
Understanding the Immigration and Crime Relationship
in Columbus, OH, a New Immigrant Destination (Doctoral
dissertation, The Ohio State University).
Wedd, A., Gordon, A., & Nicholson, K. (2020). OCJS Research
Brief, Volume 4, Issue# 1: Economic Crime in Columbus
Following the Opening of a Casion, etc.
To: Mayor Andrew Ginther
From: Brandon Bishop
RE: Stakeholder Analysis
Date: October 22, 2021

Executive Summary
Demands to initiate policy changes within the Columbus Police
Department have reached a new
high. After a year of protests calling for public safety reform
and a chaotic, violent response by
police to such protests, Columbus residents and government
officials view policing reform as a
top priority. Under the direction of the Mayor’s Office,
stakeholders must be involved in the
process of police reform for the Columbus Police Department.
This memo provides an analysis
of the primary stakeholders. Internal stakeholders, consisting of
police themselves and local
public officials, are most interested and influential in the
conversation. Community activists and
organizations representing marginalized populations with a
history of being victims of police
brutality make up the key external stakeholders. Other
community partners are also notable
stakeholders. Throughout this memo, it is my recommendation
that internal stakeholders must be
highly engaged throughout each step of the process, the
opinions key external stakeholders
should be gathered in the beginning and end of the process, and
other relevant stakeholders
should be made aware of all changes with some consultation.
The satisfaction of all stakeholders
is the largest criterion for evaluating the success of policing
reform.
Background
Over the past two years, demand for reform in the Columbus
Police Department (CPD) increased
substantially. The calls for change follow national attention to
the history of racial injustice in

policing in addition to numerous documented cases of police
brutality by CPD. Following the
murder of George Floyd, a Black resident of Minnesota, by a
White police officer, protests
erupted across the nation. In Columbus, CPD was ill-prepared
for protests of the volume that
occurred. Coordination across the department was poor in
response, leading to inconsistent and
antagonistic responses (Brown & Stewart, 2021). The
department’s actions are now the subject
of an investigation by the United States Department of Justice
(Amiri & Huggins, 2021). As
CPD’s practices continue to face criticism, engaging
stakeholders in conversations on policing
reform becomes increasingly essential. This analysis utilizes the
power versus interest
framework to assess relevant stakeholders and determine their
level of involvement in the
process.
Stakeholder Analysis and Recommendations
The internal stakeholders on the topic of policing reform consist
of police representatives and
local government officials. Internal stakeholders, in this case,
hold the most power because of
their control over the political or policy process. In addition,
they hold high interest in the issue
due to their own policy goals and status as public officials.
These factors make them “players” in
the process on the power versus interest grid, meaning that they
all must be heavily prioritized in
the process (Bryson, 2017). Police, represented by the Fraternal
Order of Police (FOP) Lodge #9,
are the internal stakeholder most directly affected by reform
outcomes, making their interest in
the subject the highest. The FOP wields considerable political

power, making endorsements and
campaign donations each election cycle, issuing public
statements on policy proposals, and
employing their vast membership. The union also negotiates
contracts directly with the city,
granting them bargaining power. The contract process offers
opportunities for demands of police
reform, as illustrated in the most recent contract (Bruner, 2021).
The elected officials—chiefly the Columbus City
Councilmembers and the Columbus City
Attorney— show great interest in police reform but possess
different forms of power. Council
can approve or disapprove legislation concerning policing,
meaning that they must be on board
with the solution proposed. As Cayer et al. note (2014), support
from those who control the
policy process is crucial in the “legitimation and decision”
stage. The Mayor’s Office should
thus engage with Council throughout the process to ensure that
they are aware of and supportive
of policing reform proposals. Policing is a contentious issue in
Columbus, raising the interest of
any city-wide elected official, including the City Attorney.
Though less political, the City
Attorney’s Office still assesses and defends the legality of
proposals. The power and interest of
other local elected officials entitle them to a high level of
engagement in the process. This,
however, excludes school board members due to their minimal
jurisdiction over public safety.
External stakeholders in policing reform exist outside of the

public sector. The vital external
stakeholders represent minoritized groups with historically
tense relationships with police.
Community activists, specifically those advocating for
communities of color, have elevated the
issue of public safety on the policy agenda. The city should
integrate the voices of criminal
justice reform activists, prominent Black activists, LGBTQ+
organizations, and immigrant
populations into the discussion on police reform. Different
organizations may represent these
groups but recognizing the intersectionality among the groups is
crucial. Though they have
varying interest levels, these communities (barring New
American groups) are all considered
“subjects” under the framework. Their high interest but low
power makes them “subject” to the
decisions of others (Bryson, 2017). To involve these
stakeholders, Mayor’s Office should host
dialogue sessions with relevant organizations to seek out
opinions and experiences that will
inform policy decisions. Officials should also meet with
organization leaders directly to
understand their policy preferences. Engagement should occur
prior to the drafting of any
proposals, after the “players” have reached a consensus on
solutions and following policy
implementation. Because these stakeholders have been the most
directly affected by injustice at
the hands of police, their satisfaction with policies is a
fundamental criterion for assessing the
success of reform.
The final group of stakeholders consist of additional community
partners. The Ohio State
University Police Department entered into a mutual aid

agreement with CPD, partnering to share
resources and respond to emergencies across jurisdictional lines
(City of Columbus & The Ohio
State University, 2012). This makes the university directly
affected by practices of CPD. Though
the agreement has drawn attention, the university’s interest in
the conversation is not exceedingly
high, and they do not have exceptional power in public safety
policymaking. The Columbus
business scene, which is traditionally politically and
economically influential in local politics,
may have some interest in reform proposals. Both stakeholders
are “crowd” stakeholders (see
Attachment 2). They should be informed of proposals and policy
changes but do not need to be
highly engaged in all process aspects.
Attachment 1- List of Stakeholders
1. Fraternal Order of Police Capital City Lodge #9
a. The Fraternal Order of Police is the union that represents
Columbus Police
officers. The union negotiates police contracts with the city,
giving them
substantial bargaining power. As the group representing
officers, they hold
significant interest in the issue of police reform while also
wielding substantial
power. The union is active politically, endorsing candidates in
local elections and

issuing statements on political matters related to policing.
b. http://www.fop9.org/
2. Columbus City Council
a. Council must approve any legislative packages related to the
topic of police
reform. As of 2021, there are seven at-large councilmembers
serving. The
positions of each individual councilmember differ on details,
but the body is in
favor of more sweeping reform overall. The legislative power
Council holds
makes them a powerful stakeholder in the process. Based on
public statements
and campaign promises, Council is highly interested in police
reform.
b. https://www.columbus.gov/council/
3. Columbus City Attorney’s Office
a. Depending on what reforms are enacted, the City Attorney’s
Office would likely
play a role in enforcing the reforms. The legality of legislation
is also typically
reviewed by this office. Thus, the city attorney holds
considerable power in
ensuring reforms can be implemented. They hold medium
interest in the issue
because the city attorney is an elected official, though the
staffers are not.
b. https://www.city-attorney.columbus.gov/
4. Community Activists- Ohio People’s Justice Project
a. Community activists are an important voice leading the

charge of police reform.
The Ohio’s People’s Justice Project (PJP) is a grassroots
activist organization that
advocates for policy reforms in the areas of criminal justice and
policing
championing reform in Columbus. They are a growing
organization. Their
membership is primarily comprised of working-class people of
color. PJP is
highly interested in the issue of police reform and has status in
activist circles.
They wield some political power but not a great deal.
b. https://www.facebook.com/OhioPJP/
5. Black Communities- Columbus Urban League
a. Black communities are the subject policing injustices most
frequently. The voice
of Black activists across the country has elevated police
reform’s position on the
policy agenda. Though there is certainly overlap between this
stakeholder group
and other groups, they are an important stakeholder to
designate. The Columbus
Urban League (CUL) is a prominent organization advocating for
Black residents
of Columbus. They hold some political power through their
connections to local
officials and political advocacy. CUL is interested in police
reform, but it is not
their primary focus as an organization.
b. https://www.cul.org/mission-vision/
6. New Americans- Community Refugee and Immigration
Services

a. Immigrants and refugees are also often the victims of
injustices in policing as well
as inaccessibility in government. Community Refugee and
Immigration Services
http://www.fop9.org/
https://www.columbus.gov/council/
https://www.city-attorney.columbus.gov/
https://www.facebook.com/OhioPJP/
https://www.cul.org/mission-vision/
(CRIS) is an organization that works closely with new
Americans in the Central
Ohio region. Their work is not related to police reform and they
do not hold a lot
of power, but are still an important voice to include in the
conversation.
b. https://www.crisohio.org/
7. LGBTQ+ Community- Stonewall Columbus
a. Like other marginalized communities, LGBTQ+ people have
a strained
relationships with police. Because of Columbus’s sizable and
active LGBTQ+
scene, consulting with this group is essential. Stonewall
Columbus is one of the
most notable groups supporting LGBTQ+ residents. In the past,
Stonewall
Columbus has advocated on the issue of police reform, but they
have not been a
leading voice. Their focus as an organization is programming
and outreach rather
than advocacy, making them less interested in the issue.

b. https://stonewallcolumbus.org/
8. The Ohio State University
a. OSU has a mutual aid agreement in place with CPD, as CPD
secures the off-
campus area. Moreover, OSU often completes research for the
city and advises
policy discussions. Because of their direct connection with
Columbus police,
OSU has some interest in police reform. They are not especially
powerful players
in the decision-making process.
b. https://dps.osu.edu/
9. Columbus Business Community- Columbus Partnership
a. Businesses in Columbus may have concerns on public safety
issues. The
Columbus Partnership is an organization representing notable
businesses in
Columbus. They are active on issues of policy relating to
economic development
and are well-connected to local politicians. Their broader
economic and political
power gives them some influence in any political issue, but they
are not highly
interested in policing reform.
b. https://columbuspartnership.com/
10. Columbus Board of Education
a. Columbus City Schools interact with police officers in a
multitude of ways. Some
schools have designated resource officers and officers may be
tasked with
responding to crises occurring at schools. In recent years, the

role of police in
schools has come into question. This makes the Columbus
Board of Education
mildly interested in the topic, though they do not have
significant power in policy
making under their jurisdiction.
b. https://www.ccsoh.us/domain/156
https://www.crisohio.org/
https://stonewallcolumbus.org/
https://dps.osu.edu/
https://columbuspartnership.com/
https://www.ccsoh.us/domain/156
Attachment 2- Power Versus Interest Grid
Columbus City
Attorney

References
Andrew Welsh-Huggins & Farnoush Amiri. (2021, September
9). Justice Department to review
police force in Columbus, Ohio. ABC News.
https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/justice-
department-review-police-force-columbus-ohio-79921127
Board of Education / Homepage. (n.d.). Columbus City Schools.
Retrieved October 22, 2021, from
https://www.ccsoh.us/domain/http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccsoh.us%
2Fsite%2Fdefault.aspx%3FDo
mainID%3D156
Brown, T. L., & Stewart, C. M. (2021). Research Evaluation of
the City of Columbus’ Response to the
2020 Summer Protests (p. 111). John Glenn College of Public
Affairs.
http://glenn.osu.edu/news/aar/aar-report.pdf
Brunner, B. (2021, August 5). Columbus leaders discuss police
contract ahead of council vote. The
Columbus Dispatch.
https://www.dispatch.com/story/news/local/2021/07/26/ginther-
community-
leaders-discuss-proposed-fop-contract-ahead-council-
vote/8090822002/

Bryson, J. (2017). Stakheolder Analyses. In Strategic Planning
for Public and Nonprofit
Organizations.
Cayer, J., Cox III, R., & Newell, N. (2014). Identifying the
Actors in Community Politics. In The
Effective Local Government Manager. ICMA.
City of Columbus, & The Ohio State University. (2012).
AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE CITY OF
COLUMBUS AND THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY TO
ENGAGE IN MUTUAL AID.
https://usg.osu.edu/posts/documents/doc_9192012_19729578.pd
f
Columbus Partnership. (n.d.). Columbus Partnership. Retrieved
October 22, 2021, from
https://columbuspartnership.com
https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/justice-department-
review-police-force-columbus-ohio-79921127
https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/justice-department-
review-police-force-columbus-ohio-79921127
2Fsite%2Fdefault.aspx%3FDomainID%3D156
2Fsite%2Fdefault.aspx%3FDomainID%3D156
http://glenn.osu.edu/news/aar/aar-report.pdf
community-leaders-discuss-proposed-fop-contract-ahead-
council-vote/8090822002/

community-leaders-discuss-proposed-fop-contract-ahead-
council-vote/8090822002/
https://usg.osu.edu/posts/documents/doc_9192012_19729578.pd
f
https://columbuspartnership.com/
Columbus Urban League’s Mission and Vision statements.
(2021). Columbus Urban League.
Council Home Page. (2021). Columbus City Council.
CRIS Ohio. (n.d.). CRIS Ohio. Retrieved October 22, 2021,
from https://www.crisohio.org
Crowe, K. (n.d.). Stonewall Columbus.
Https://Stonewallcolumbus.Org/. Retrieved October 22, 2021,
from https://stonewallcolumbus.org/
FOP Local 9. (2021). http://www.fop9.org/
Home Page. (n.d.). Retrieved October 22, 2021, from
https://city-attorney.columbus.gov/
People’s Justice Project. (n.d.). Retrieved October 22, 2021,
from

https://www.crisohio.org/
http://www.fop9.org/
https://city-attorney.columbus.gov/
To: Andrew Ginther, Mayor of Columbus
From: Eva Fischer
Date: October 22, 2021
Re: Stakeholder Analysis of Police Reform in Columbus, Ohio
Executive Summary
The advocacy for police reform on the national level has been
growing over the past couple of
years, especially following the murder of George Floyd. This
push for police reform has taken
place locally in Columbus as well. In response to this need, the
City of Columbus is rightfully
taking action. Various stakeholders need to be considered and
included in the decision-making
process, not just those with high levels of power. This memo
begins with background on the

issue of police reform. There are also supplementary
attachments with details about each
stakeholder and their relative power and interest (see appendix
A & B). The memo concludes
with the analysis and recommendation that the City of
Columbus prioritize seeking out the input
of stakeholders with high interest but low power because
without intervention their input will not
be heard. Those with high power will naturally have a seat at
the table, so throughout the process
decision-makers need to provide room for additional
stakeholders.
Background
When examining the issue of police reform, one must recognize
that policing in this country has
existed longer than the United States of America (Muhammad,
2020), and it has been a
racialized institution from the beginning. Some of the first
police forces in the U.S. were slave
patrols designed to empower whites by giving them the power
and duty of policing Blacks
(Muhammad, 2020). Over time the policing system evolved.
Some of the stages include the

patronage stage with the key player of the Ku Klux Klan, a
professionalism stage with a focus on
police education and training, and the current stage of
partnership with an increase in the
militarization of police and increased accountability (Brandl,
2019). As much as the police
system has evolved, its foundation on racism and white
supremacy are still ingrained in the
system.
Police brutality has been a national issue since the formation of
policing, but recently the call for
police reform has grown louder. According to the National
Conference of State Legislatures,
following the deaths of George Floyd and Breonna Taylor last
year, there have been over 2,000
bills related to policing introduced across the country (Sullivan
& Klemko, 2021). Columbus has
followed this national trend of pushing for police reform. The
city has had its own deaths at the
hands of police that have further spurred the activism.
According to studies done by the
organization Mapping Police Violence, the Columbus Division
of Police has killed five Black

children in the past five years (Martinez, 2021). This
organization also found that Columbus has
the third highest number of children deaths at the hands of
police compared to all other cities in
the country (Fung, 2021). This reality along with the nationwide
push for police reform has
brought the issue to the forefront. Some changes have already
been made by the Columbus
Police Department. For example, using choke holds and pepper
spray on non-violent crowds is
now banned (Martinez, 2021). However, many Columbus
residents feel this is not enough.
Analysis
The degree to which stakeholders are interested in the issues
varies as does the amount of power
they wield in the decision (see appendix A & B). Some
stakeholders call for defunding of the
police, while others may be more reluctant to drastic change.
This divergence in opinions and
power makes it crucial for the decision-makers, including

yourself, to be accessible and open to
all stakeholder groups and for those decision-makers to funnel
the countering opinions into a
coherent plan (Cayer et al., 2014). In identifying the
stakeholders to include it is important to
include external groups who are the “consumers” of the services
(Cayer et al., 2014). There is a
wide range of people’s experiences, both positive and negative,
with the police, which should be
represented in the discussion. For example, groups that are
commonly marginalized and
victimized by the police should be at the forefront of the
process (see appendix B). Some of these
groups that have a higher risk of being mistreated or killed by
the police include, the Black,
mentally ill, and LGBTQ+ communities (Salter, 2021).
The city has already taken some steps to provide a platform for
community members. One
example is the Chief’s Advisory Group, which is a group of
fourteen community members who
have direct communication with the Columbus Chief of Police
to provide input and increase
transparency (Bruner, 2020). This group is designed to include

various stakeholders, including
some of those analyzed in this memo like an undergraduate
student from The Ohio State
University (Bruner, 2020). Another example is the Safety
Commission, which is a group of
seventeen members that provide change recommendations and
advise the City Council and
yourself (Bruner, 2020). This shows that there is already work
being done to include external
stakeholders in the issue, but more steps toward inclusion still
need to be taken. It should not be
the responsibility of one student at the Ohio State University to
represent that entire body of the
stakeholder group. Forums should be created in order to
facilitate the discussion of the issue with
a more encompassing group of the various stakeholders.
Recommendation
Police reform is a pressing and controversial issue. It is crucial
that various opinions and voices
are heard. As shown in appendix B, some stakeholders will
already be represented due to their
high power and ability to advocate for themselves on the issue.
However, there are a few

identified stakeholder groups that have high interest in the issue
but need more power in order to
create change. These are the groups that should be expressly
focused on because they are the
voices that would otherwise be left out. The stakeholders in the
players’ quadrant of the power
versus interest grid will naturally influence the decision through
their inherent power, and they
will overpower the interests of the other stakeholders if actions
are not taken to counteract it (see
appendix B).
References
Baptist Pastor Conference Columbus and Vicinity. Welcome
Baptist Pastor Conference of
Columbus & Vicinity. (n.d.). Retrieved October 21, 2021, from
http://bpccv.org/.
About - Black Lives Matter. (n.d.). Retrieved October 21, 2021,
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https://blacklivesmatter.com/.
Banks, A. (2021, April 22). Ohio State Students Demand
University sever ties with Columbus
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state-students-demand-university-sever-ties-with-columbus-
police/.
Brandl, S. G. (2019). The History of the Police in America . In
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essay, SAGE Publications, Inc.
Bruner, B. (2020, August 5). Who's who in push to reform
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uos-who-in-push-to-
reform-columbus-police/42160979/.
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president-patrick-yoes-on-chicagos-

call-for-law-enforcement-volunteers/.
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(2021). Retrieved October 21,
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https://www.dispatch.com/.
Crowe, K. (1970, October 21). Stonewall Columbus. Retrieved
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The Fraternal Order of Police of Ohio, Inc. Fraternal order of
police of Ohio, Inc.. (2021).

https://www.fopohio.org/index.cfm.
Fung, K. (2021, April 21). Columbus, Ohio, police have killed
third most children in U.S.,
compared to other departments: Data. Newsweek. Retrieved
https://www.newsweek.com/columbus-ohio-police-have-killed-
third-most-children-us-
compared-other-departments-data-1585396.
Hampton, D. J. (2021, September 16). Ohio faith leaders and
police reform advocates call for
DOJ investigation into Columbus policing. NBC News.
https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/ohio-faith-leaders-
police-reform-advocates-call-
doj-investigation-columbus-n1279384.
Lagatta, E. (2021, April 21). Protesters march in downtown
Columbus as Chauvin verdict
overshadowed by police shooting. The Columbus Dispatch.
Retrieved October 21, 2021,
from https://www.dispatch.com/story/news/2021/04/20/chauvin-
verdict-met-happiness-

and-hope-downtown-columbus/7307326002/.
Leaders call for police reform. Columbus Urban League. (2020,
June 4). Retrieved October 21,
2021, from https://www.cul.org/leaders-call-for-police-reform/.
Mental Health & Addiction Advocacy Coalition. (2021, April
15). Retrieved October 21, 2021,
from https://mhaadvocacy.org/.
Muhammad, K. G. (2020, June 4). American Police. NPR.
https://www.npr.org/2020/06/03/869046127/american-police.
The Ohio State University. (2021). Welcome to Ohio State - The
Ohio State University. The Ohio
State University. Retrieved October 21, 2021, from
https://www.osu.edu/.
Ohio. The United States Department of Justice. (2021, March
16). Retrieved October 21, 2021,
from https://www.justice.gov/jmd/ls/ohio.
Salter, A. (2021). A Psychological Perspective on Police
Brutality: Current Statistics,
Characteristics, and Trends Regarding Excessive Use of Force
Characteristics, and
Trends Regarding Excessive Use of Force (dissertation). Tampa,

Florida.
Sullivan, J., & Klemko, R. (2021, June 10). The push to remake
policing takes decades, only to
begin again. The Washington Post. Retrieved October 21, 2021,
from
https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/interactive/202
1/police-reform-failure/.
Appendix A
Stakeholders Analysis
Internal Stakeholders Analysis
Fraternal Order of Police of Ohio
(FOP)
https://www.fopohio.org/index.cfm
Ohio has a branch within the National FOP organization. The

overarching FOP organization has a lot of power within the
police reform decision as it “is the largest law enforcement
labor
organization in the country, with more than 356,000 members”
(Cahill, 2021). This gives them substantial bargaining power.
They are also a high interest stakeholder as they represent
police,
which is a group that will be directly and immediately affected
by police reform. The National FOP is working with Congress
on reform; therefore, one of the FOP of Ohio’s focuses would
be
the reform specifically within Ohio rather than the whole
country.
Columbus Division of Police
https://www.columbus.gov/police/
The Columbus Division of Police is the highest interest
stakeholder group. They are directly affected by the police
reform decisions made in Columbus. The Fraternal Order of

Police of Ohio is closely related to their interest level as they
are a union organization to protect the interests of the Columbus
Division of Police. However, the FOP is advocating on behalf
of all Ohio and is not as focused on Columbus as this Division
is. They have higher interest but less power than the FOP
because they do not have the same bargaining power. The
Columbus Division of Police still will have plenty of power in
the police reform decision as they are at the center of the issue
and have over 1,800 officers and 300 civilian employees to
represent (City of Columbus Division of Police, 2021).
First Responders
https://www.columbus.gov/public-
safety/fire/
First responders such as firefighters and emergency medical
technicians are stakeholders in police reform decisions. Certain
reforms could shift responsibility from the police onto other
first responder groups. The reforms will affect them, but they

likely will not be major influencing factors in the development
of said reform. An example of one of these organizations is the
Columbus Division of Fire (City of Columbus Division of Fire,
2021). Police reform does not seem to be their main focus;
therefore, they are moderate to low on the interest and power
scale.
The Ohio and National
Department of Justice
https://www.justice.gov/jmd/ls/ohio
The Ohio Department of Justice holds a lot of power within the
Justice system. They have the power to investigate the
Columbus Police. This work began as “[t]he Justice
Department’s Office of Community Oriented Policing
Services… is working in partnership with Columbus police to
review policies and provide guidance on leadership training,
diversity recruitment and technology.” (Hampton, 2021). As

shown through their current work, the Department of Justice is
already involved in police reform and is directly affected by the
police piece of the justice system. It also has the power to
review policies and guide practices. They are therefore a high
power and interest stakeholder.
Columbus City Council
This stakeholder group has high interest and power similar to
the Fraternal Order of Police. However, their interest will likely
stem from their desire for reelection and support from the
Columbus community. They are not as closely or specifically
tied to police reform as the FOP. They do hold high power as
they are a key body in implementing new policies.
External Stakeholders of
especially marginalized and
victimized groups

Analysis
Individuals with mental health
or addiction issues
https://mhaadvocacy.org/
This stakeholder group is represented by organizations like the
Mental Health and Addiction Advocacy Coalition (MHAC).
This
organization focuses on advocating for policies on behalf of
Ohioans who have mental health or addition issues (Mental
Health & Addiction Advocacy Coalition, 2021). This mission
aligns with the advocacy around police reform, so this group
which may have been in the crowd quadrant without the
unifying
organization is moved toward the subjects’ quadrant with higher
interest and on the moderate low power scale.
The LGBTQ+ Community
This stakeholder group is represented by organizations like
Stonewall Columbus. Similar to individuals with mental health

and addiction issues, when this community is unified behind a
common organization their voice is amplified. This increases
their power, but it is still low because they do not have the same
power due to size, like Black Lives Matter, or direct influence,
like the City Council. They have a similar level of interest to
the
Mental Health and Addiction Advocacy Coalition because they
are impacted as a group by the issue of police reform, but their
efforts are spread among various issues.
Black Lives Matter
https://blacklivesmatter.com
Black Lives Matter has shown their ability to mobilize the
Black
community and allies, especially with the growing topic of
police
reform over the past couple years. One example being their
mobilization of about 200 people outside the Columbus police
headquarters in response to former police officer Derek Chauvin

being found guilty (Lagatta, 2021) This exhibits that they are
both high power and high interest.
Other External Stakeholders Analysis
Religious Leaders
http://bpccv.org/
Religious leaders have power through their connections within
the community. Some leaders, like Pastor Fredrick LaMarr who
is president of the Baptist Pastor’s Conference of Columbus, are
active in the police reform sector specifically (Leaders call for
police reform, 2020). Those involved in the religious
community
are generally those who have a multifaceted community, like
being in the religious and Black community. These leaders have
high interest and moderate to low power based on how they are
able to mobilize their congregations.
Columbus Public Schools,

specifically the Ohio State
University
https://www.osu.edu/
The Ohio State University consists of a wide population of
stakeholders that may hold different views and power. One of
these groups is the students. There is even variety among the
student population’s activeness on the issue. Hundreds have
shown their passion and interest through protest and advocacy
for the University to sever ties with the Columbus Police
Department (Banks, 2021). Obviously, there are also students
who are not active on the issue. There are also university
administrators who have the power to sever these ties but have
chosen not to do so. The campus as a whole has moderate to
high interest as it is heavily affected by the safety and
effectiveness of the police department; however, the power
within this stakeholder group varies.
The Media, specifically the
Columbus Dispatch

https://www.dispatch.com/
An example of a media stakeholder is the Columbus Dispatch.
They have written many articles about the advocacy, protests,
and progress in the process of reforming the police. They are
not
as directly affected by the outcome of the reform. They do have
a motivation to keep high readership, but the specific issue they
write about is not as relevant as long as it is controversial. They
have the power to disseminate information quickly and widely.
Overall, this stakeholder is low interest and moderate to high
power.

Appendix B
Power Versus Interest Grid
IN
TE
R
ES
T
Lo
w
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--

--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--

--
--
--
--
-→
H
ig
h
-------------------------------------------------------------→
High
POWER
Context Setters Crowd
Players Subjects
Fraternal Order of
Police of Ohio
Columbus City
Council
Black Lives Matter

Columbus Division
of Police
Religious Leaders
Ohio State
University
Mental Health and
Addiction Advocacy
Coalition
Stonewall
Columbus
Department of
Justice
First Responders
The Columbus
Dispatch
Power Versus Interest Grid
INTEREST

Low ---------------------------------------------------------------------
---------- High
Subjects
Players
Crowd
Context Setters
Low ------------------------------------------------------------- High
POWER
Actor 6
Actor 4
Actor 3
Actor 1
Actor 5
Actor 2
The second deliverable, addressed to City of Columbus Mayor
Andrew Ginther, will include a one-page memo describing the
process and results of a stakeholder analysis, and conclude with
recommendations for prioritizing strategic engagement with
stakeholder groups / organizations around the Columbus Police
Department (CPD) policing reform initiative you identified in
deliverable 1. Memo attachments will include: 1) an annotated
list of stakeholder groups / organizations affected by the
policing reform initiative, and 2) a map of these stakeholder

groups / organizations on a power versus interest grid.
Objectives
· Develop and apply critical analysis skills by identifying and
analyzing stakeholder groups affected by a police reform issue.
· Make connections between case study materials and other
course content.
· Demonstrate effective research skills.
· Demonstrate effective professional written communication
skills.
Directions
Step 1 – Conduct a Stakeholder Analysis
Identify 10-12 stakeholder groups and/or organizations affected
by the CPD reform issue you chose in deliverable 1. In a word
document, create an annotated list with bulleted headings that
includes the name of the stakeholder group and/or organization
and their website (if relevant).
Elements to include in your annotated list of stakeholders:
· Heading such as Attachment: Annotated List of Stakeholders
· List of 10-12 stakeholder groups and/or organizations affected
by the CPD reform issue you have chosen and their website (if
relevant)
· Under each bulleted stakeholder group and/or organization,
provide a 3-4 sentence description of the group that includes
their interest in your reform issue (how much would they be
affected by decisions about the issue), and their political and/or
economic power to influence decisions about the issue.
Then, use the power versus interest grid template below to map
each group onto the grid. The stakeholder list and power versus
interest grid will be, respectively, Attachments 1 and 2 to your
memo. Label your attachments appropriately.
Step 2 – Memo to Mayor Ginther presenting findings and
recommendations
In a separate document, write a memo addressed to City of
Columbus Mayor Andrew Ginther. Your memo should briefly
describe the process you went through to conduct a stakeholder

analysis before presenting your findings. It should end with a
recommendation for prioritizing and engaging stakeholders. For
example, stakeholder groups that have high power and high
interest will probably proactively engage in the decision-making
process. Other stakeholder groups may have high interest but
low power, so it might take more initiative on the part of the
City to engage them in the reform process. Their engagement,
however, might be important to redress historical injustices.
Support your analysis and recommendation for prioritizing and
engaging stakeholders by citing at least 2 course materials and
at least 4 additional sources identified through your own
research (inclusive of stakeholder websites). Ensure that you
provide your reader with enough information about the sources
you cite so that they understand how they support your
recommendations and analysis.
Elements to include in your memo:
· Your memo should be one-page, single-spaced, 1-inch margin,
12- point Times New Roman font
· Professional memo heading
· Executive summary of one short paragraph describing your
research/analysis process and findings and explicitly stating
your recommendations for prioritizing and engaging
stakeholders.
· Analysis section presenting describing your research/analysis
process and findings in more detail.
· Recommendation section that explicitly states your
recommendations for prioritizing and engaging stakeholders.
· References
· You will cite all sources from your memo and annotated
bibliography using APA format.
Step 3 – Combine your memo and attachments into a single
document and submit
The final document should include (in this order):
· The memo
· The annotated list of stakeholder groups/organizations
affected by the police organization reform issue

· The map of stakeholder groups/ organizations on a power
versus interest grid
Resources
· Sample Memos (note that the assignment description was
slightly different, but these examples will give you a sense of
my expectations for quality work).

MEMODate SEPTEMBER 29, 2022 To CITY OF COLUMBUS MA.docx

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