Review of Parts of Speech

1. Sentence Essentials
●Parts of
Speech
●Subjects and
Predicates
●Complements
●Clauses●Phrases

2. Parts of Speech
●Verbs: convey the action
of the sentence
●Nouns: indicate people,
places, things, and ideas
●Pronouns: replace
antecedents
●Adjectives: modify or
describe nouns

3. Parts of Speech
●Adverbs: modify verbs ●Prepositions: combines
with nouns and its
modifiers to add
additional detail
●Interjections: used to
express emotion
●Conjunctions: words
used as connectors in a
sentence

4. Verbs
Action verbs: verbs used to indicate the action in a
sentence. Walk, drive, and study are examples.
Linking Verbs: verbs that express being or
experiencing. Be, seem, and become are examples.
Auxiliary or helping verbs: verbs that add shades of
meaning. Will , can, and must are examples

5. Nouns
●Proper nouns: specific names such as Lane Avery,
Georgia Highlands, etc...
●Common nouns: refer to any member of a class or
category.
●Count nouns: nouns that refer to people, places, things
and ideas that can be counted.
●Non-count nouns: things or ideas that cannot be
counted.
●Collective nouns: nouns that are singular or plural,
depending on the context.

6. Nouns continued
●Abstract nouns: nouns that refer to concepts.
●Concrete nouns: nouns that refer to things that are
conceivable.

7. Pronouns
●Personal pronouns are used to refer to a noun that has
be recently mentioned in a sentence. Make sure that
the use of a pronoun is not vague in any way.

8. Adjectives
●Adjectives modify the noun it precedes in a sentence
(adjectives can follow a noun in some cases).
●Articles are a subclass of adjectives. There are three
articles: a, an, and, the.
●A and an are indefinite articles, while the is a definite
article.

9. Adverbs
●Adverbs generally modify verbs.
●Adverbs give information about time, manner, place,
and frequency.
●Adverbs can be moved around freely in a sentence.
●Adverbs can modify adjectives and other adverbs.
●Adverbs usually end in –ly.

10. Prepositions
●A preposition is a word that combines with a noun
and any modifiers to give additional detail—
answering questions like When? and Where?
●Generally,in academic writing, one should not end a
sentence with a preposition.
●One word prepositions: about, by, of, on, until, etc...
●Phrasal prepositions: except for, according to, in
spite of, etc...

11. Conjunctions
●Coordinating conjunctions: connects similar words or
groups of words.
●For example: tired yet excited (Yet joins two words
and signals contrast).
●In the car or on the train (Or joins two phrases and
marks them as choices).
●We did not share a language, but somehow we
communicated. (But joins two independent clauses
and signals contrast).

12. A note on the use of but
●But can be used in a sentence in a couple of ways.
●But can be used to link two independent clauses and is preceded by a
comma.
●Example: Commas should be used in the correct position in a
sentence, but a comma is not always the correct form of punctuation.
●But can also link sentences that stand alone without the use of a
comma.
●Example: Seventeenth century English writers often had different
writing styles. But writers of this period produced some of the most
highly wrought works in the English language.

13. Conjunctions continued
●Correlative conjunction: this conjunction consists of
two parts. It is generally used to link similar
structures.
●Not only did she win the race, but she also raised
money for her favorite charity.
●The most common correlative conjunctions are:
both...and, either...or, neither...nor, and not only...but
also.

14. Conjunctions continued
●A subordinating conjunction introduces a dependent clause
●It can indicate cause, concession, condition, purpose, or time.
●Example: He learned to fish when he worked near the beach.
●Example: Unless he cleans his room, he will not be allowed
to go to the movies.
●If a dependent clause begins a sentence, it must be separated
from the independent clause with a comma.

15. Conjunctions continued
●Adverbial conjunctions or conjunctive adverbs signal
relationships such as cause, condition, and contrast.
●Adverbial conjunctions are set off by commas.
●An independent clause preceding an adverbial
conjunction may end in a semicolon or a period.
●Adverbial conjunctions include: also, indeed, and
however.

16. Interjections
• Interjections express an emotion.
• Interjections that come before a sentence end in a
period or exclamation point.
• If an interjection begins or interrupts a sentence, it
is set off by a comma.
• Example: Wow! This cake is delicious.