Dr Walid Daoud Al Azhar university Gaza Lama K El Banna

1. ONCOLOGYONCOLOGY
Week 14Week 14
Dr. Walid DaoudDr. Walid Daoud
A. ProfessorA. Professor

2. OncologyOncology
Oncology is the study of tumorsOncology is the study of tumors
(neoplasms(neoplasms((
--Benign neoplasmBenign neoplasm::
..Growth of the same cells as the tissueGrowth of the same cells as the tissue..
..It is contained in a capsuleIt is contained in a capsule..
..It does not invade the surrounding tissueIt does not invade the surrounding tissue..
..It place pressure on the surrounding andIt place pressure on the surrounding and
once removed it does not regrowonce removed it does not regrow..

3. OncologyOncology
--Malignant neoplasmMalignant neoplasm::
..Growth not resemble the same cells asGrowth not resemble the same cells as
tissuetissue..
..It is not capsulated and able to spread toIt is not capsulated and able to spread to
normal tissuenormal tissue..
..Invasive growth by direct invasion orInvasive growth by direct invasion or
metastasismetastasis

4. Nomenclature of TumorsNomenclature of Tumors
Nomenclature depends upon the tissue fromNomenclature depends upon the tissue from
which the tumor originates (histogenesiswhich the tumor originates (histogenesis(.(.
44tissue typestissue types::
--Epithelial tissue:Epithelial tissue: skin and internal liningskin and internal lining..
--Connective tissue:Connective tissue: cartilage, bone, musclecartilage, bone, muscle
--Hematopoietic tissue:Hematopoietic tissue: white and red cellswhite and red cells
--Nervous tissue:Nervous tissue: nerve, glial cells,nerve, glial cells,
meningesmeninges

5. Benign Tumors of Epithelial andBenign Tumors of Epithelial and
Connective Tissue OriginConnective Tissue Origin
To indicate a benign tumor add the suffix -omaTo indicate a benign tumor add the suffix -oma
Medical TermMedical Term Benign Tumor ofBenign Tumor of
papillomapapilloma
adenomaadenoma
hemangiomahemangioma
osteomaosteoma
rhabdomyomarhabdomyoma
skin tissueskin tissue
gland tissuegland tissue
blood vesselblood vessel
bonebone
striated musclestriated muscle

6. Malignant Tumors of EpithelialMalignant Tumors of Epithelial
Tissue OriginTissue Origin
To indicate a malignant tumor of epithelial originTo indicate a malignant tumor of epithelial origin
add theadd the suffix –carcinomasuffix –carcinoma to the word root or theto the word root or the
word carcinoma with the affected structureword carcinoma with the affected structure
Medical TermMedical Term Malignant Tumor ofMalignant Tumor of
adenocarcinomaadenocarcinoma
pancreatic carcinomapancreatic carcinoma
papillocarcinomapapillocarcinoma
gastric adenocarcinomagastric adenocarcinoma
adenocarcinoma of the lungadenocarcinoma of the lung
glandgland
pancreaspancreas
skin tissueskin tissue
stomach glandularstomach glandular
epitheliumepithelium
lung glandular tissuelung glandular tissue

7. Malignant Tumors of ConnectiveMalignant Tumors of Connective
Tissue OriginTissue Origin
To indicate a malignant tumor of connective tissueTo indicate a malignant tumor of connective tissue
origin add theorigin add the suffix –sarcomasuffix –sarcoma to the word root orto the word root or
the word sarcoma with the affected structurethe word sarcoma with the affected structure
Medical TermMedical Term Malignant Tumor ofMalignant Tumor of
fibrosarcomafibrosarcoma
hemangiosarcomahemangiosarcoma
chondrosarcomachondrosarcoma
synovial sarcomasynovial sarcoma
leiomyosarcomaleiomyosarcoma
fibrous tissuefibrous tissue
blood vesselblood vessel
cartilagecartilage
synovial tissuesynovial tissue
smooth musclesmooth muscle

8. Hematopoietic TissueHematopoietic Tissue
LeukemiasLeukemias
Malignant neoplasms of hemopoietic cellsMalignant neoplasms of hemopoietic cells..
Examples of leukemiaExamples of leukemia::
Medical termMedical term Cellular involvementCellular involvement
Acute/chronic lymphocyticAcute/chronic lymphocytic
Acute/chronic myelogenousAcute/chronic myelogenous
Plasma cell leukemiaPlasma cell leukemia
LymphocytesLymphocytes
Bone marrowBone marrow
Plasma cellPlasma cell

9. Hematopoietic TissueHematopoietic Tissue
LymphomasLymphomas
Malignant neoplasms of lymphatic systemMalignant neoplasms of lymphatic system..
Examples of lymphomasExamples of lymphomas::
Medical termMedical term Cellular involvementCellular involvement
Malignant granulomaMalignant granuloma
--lymphosarcomalymphosarcoma..
--Hodgkin diseaseHodgkin disease..
Multiple myelomaMultiple myeloma
Lymph nodesLymph nodes
Plasma cell, bone marrowPlasma cell, bone marrow

10. Histogenesis of neoplasmsHistogenesis of neoplasms
Neoplastic classification based uponNeoplastic classification based upon
histogenesis: benign and malignanthistogenesis: benign and malignant..
See page: 332-333See page: 332-333

11. Staging of CancerStaging of Cancer
Staging is used to define the extent of cancerStaging is used to define the extent of cancer
TNM classificationTNM classification::
T Primary tumorT Primary tumor
N Regional lymph nodesN Regional lymph nodes
M Distant metastasisM Distant metastasis
See page: 335See page: 335

12. Grading of malignant tumorGrading of malignant tumor
Grading is histologic evaluation of neoplasmGrading is histologic evaluation of neoplasm
Grade 1:Grade 1: cells closely resemble the tissuecells closely resemble the tissue
they arise fromthey arise from..
Grade 4:Grade 4: Cells do not resemble the tissueCells do not resemble the tissue
they arise from (anaplasia) andthey arise from (anaplasia) and
this carries poor prognosisthis carries poor prognosis..
Grade 2 and 3:Grade 2 and 3: intermediate gradesintermediate grades..

13. WR/CF related to OncologyWR/CF related to Oncology
WR/CFWR/CF MeaningMeaning ExampleExample
blast/oblast/o
carcin/ocarcin/o
kerat/okerat/o
leiomy/oleiomy/o
embryonicembryonic
cancercancer
hornyhorny
smooth musclesmooth muscle
neurneur/o/bast/oma/o/bast/oma
carcincarcin/o/gen/o/gen
dysdys/kerat/osis/kerat/osis
leiomyleiomy/oma/oma

14. WR/CF related to OncologyWR/CF related to Oncology
WR/CFWR/CF MeaningMeaning ExampleExample
medull/omedull/o
ne/one/o
onc/oonc/o
papill/opapill/o
rhabdomy/orhabdomy/o
marrowmarrow
newnew
tumortumor
nipple ornipple or
epithelialepithelial
skeletal muscleskeletal muscle
medullmedull/ary/ary
nene/oplasm/oplasm
onconc/o/logy/o/logy
papillpapill/oma/oma
rhabdomyrhabdomy/oma/oma

15. Suffixes related to OncologySuffixes related to Oncology
SuffixSuffix MeaningMeaning ExampleExample
--o/plakiao/plakia
--o/plasiao/plasia
--o/therapyo/therapy
plateplate
formation orformation or
moldingmolding
treatmenttreatment
erythr/o/erythr/o/plakiaplakia
dys/dys/plasiaplasia
chem/o/chem/o/therapytherapy

16. Surgical Terms Related toSurgical Terms Related to
OncologyOncology
Page 337-338Page 337-338

17. Answer Worksheets 1-4Answer Worksheets 1-4
Page 340-344Page 340-344