4. Matej Gaspar, born in Zagreb, Yugoslavia, officially became
the world's 5 billionth human. The baby boy received that
designation rather arbitrarily. No one knows for sure when
the earth's population, which hit 4 billion in 1974, actually
topped the 5 billion mark, though demographers suspect it
happened in July. Zagreb was picked as the location by the
United Nations Fund for Population Activities largely
because U.N. Secretary-General Javier Perez de Cuellar
happened to be in that city when the chosen day rolled
around.
5. • Adnan Mević, Sarajevo, Bosnia, symbolic sixth billionth baby,
• Danica Camacho, the Philippines, symbolic seventh billionth baby
दुनिया जिसंख्या ददवस/World Population Day
• Nargis Kumar of Uttar Pradesh, India,
• Danica May Camacho
of Manila, Philippines
and
• Wattalage Muthumai of Colombo, Sri
Lanka' symbolic seven billionth baby, were
suggested..
6. दुनिया जिसंख्या ददवस/World Population Day
• In 1989, the Governing Council of the United Nations Development
Programme recommended that 11 July be observed by the
international community as World Population Day, a day to focus
attention on the urgency and importance of population
issues.
7. 2018 ववषय: “पारिवारिक योजिा एक मािव
अधिकाि है”
2018 theme: “Family Planning is a Human Right”
दुनिया जिसंख्या ददवस/ ववषय 2018:
World Population Day 2018 theme:
8. • This year marks the 50th anniversary of the 1968 International Conference on Human Rights, where family
planning was, for the first time, globally affirmed to be a human right.
• The conference’s outcome document, known as the Teheran Proclamation, stated unequivocally: “Parents
have a basic human right to determine freely and responsibly the number and spacing of their children.”
• The Conference also adopted Resolution XVIII, titled "Human Rights Aspects of Family Planning," which
connects this right to "the dignity and worth of the human person," and notes the
relationship between access to family planning and the status of women.
• Embedded in this legislative language was a game-changing realization:
Women and girls have the right to avoid the exhaustion, depletion and danger of too many pregnancies,
too close together.
Men and women have the right to choose when and how often to embrace parenthood — if at all.
Every individual has the human right to determine the direction and scope of his or her future in this
fundamental way.
दुनिया जिसंख्या ददवस/ ववषय 2018:
World Population Day 2018 theme:
9. Nine standards to uphold the human right to family planning:
• Non-discrimination: Family planning information and services cannot be restricted on the basis of race, sex,
language, religion, political affiliation, national origin, age, economic status, place of residence, disability status,
marital status, sexual orientation or gender identity.
• Available: Countries must ensure that family planning commodities and services are accessible to everyone.
• Accessible: Countries must ensure that family planning commodities and services are accessible to everyone.
• Acceptable: Contraceptive services and information must be provided in a dignified manner, respecting both
modern medical ethics and the cultures of those being accommodated.
• Good quality: Family planning information must be clearly communicated and scientifically accurate.
• Informed decision-making: Every person must be empowered to make reproductive choices with full autonomy,
free of pressure, coercion or misrepresentation.
• Privacy and confidentiality: All individuals must enjoy the right to privacy when seeking family planning
information and services.
• Participation: Countries have an obligation to ensure the active and informed participation of individuals in
decisions that affect them, including health issues.
• Accountability: Health systems, education systems, leaders and policymakers must be accountable to the people
they serve in all efforts to realize the human right to family planning.
दुनिया जिसंख्या ददवस/
World Population Day 2018
10. “Family Planning is a Human Right”
A Sexual and Reproductive Health Clinic in Viet Nam. The country has expanded reproductive health
services, which include family planning, pre- and post-natal care and HIV prevention. UNFPA
11. 1 billion in 1804
2 billion in 1927 (123 years later)
3 billion in 1960 (33 years later)
4 billion in 1974 (14 years later)
5 billion in 1987 (13 years later)
6 billion in 1999 (12 years later)
7 billion in 2011 (12 years later)
World Population milestones, from when the total world's population reached 1 billion in 1804 to 7 billion in 2011.
दुनिया जिसंख्या ददवस/मील के पत्थर
World Population Day/ Population MILESTONES
At the dawn of agriculture, about 8000 B.C., the
population of the world was approximately 5 million. Over
the 8,000-year period up to 1 A.D. it grew to 200 million
(some estimate 300 million or even 600, suggesting how
imprecise population estimates of early historical periods
can be), with a growth rate of under 0.05% per year.
12. How many people have ever lived on earth?
It was written during the 1970s that 75% of the people who had ever been
born were alive at that moment. This was grossly false.
Assuming that we start counting from about 50,000 B.C., the time when
modern Homo sapiens appeared on the earth (and not from 700,000 B.C.
when the ancestors of Homo sapiens appeared, or several million years ago
when hominids were present), taking into account that all population data
are a rough estimate, and assuming a constant growth rate applied to each
period up to modern times, it has been estimated that a total of
approximately 106 billion people have been born since the dawn of the
human species, making the population currently alive roughly 6% of all
people who have ever lived on planet Earth.
• Others have estimated the number of human beings who have ever lived to
be anywhere from 45 billion to 125 billion, with most estimates falling into
the range of 90 to 110 billion humans.
13. Population Projections
World population (millions, UN estimates)
# Top ten most
populous countries
2000 2015 2030*
1 China* 1,270 1,376 1,416
2 India 1,053 1,311 1,528
3 United States 283 322 356
4 Indonesia 212 258 295
5 Brazil 176 208 229
6 Pakistan 138 189 245
7 Nigeria 123 182 263
8 Bangladesh 131 161 186
9 Russia 146 146 149
10 Mexico 103 127 148
World total 6,127 7,349 8,501
•Notes:China = excludes Hong Kong and Macau
•2030 = Medium variant
14. Year
Total world population
(mid-year figures)
Ten-year growth
rate (%)
1950 2,556,000,053 18.9%
1960 3,039,451,023 22.0
1970 3,706,618,163 20.2
1980 4,453,831,714 18.5
1990 5,278,639,789 15.2
2000 6,082,966,429 12.6
2010
1
6,848,932,929 10.7
2020
1
7,584,821,144 8.7
2030
1
8,246,619,341 7.3
2040
1
8,850,045,889 5.6
2050
1
9,346,399,468 —
Total Population of the World by Decade, 1950–2050
(historical and projected)
1. Projected.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, International Database.
15. भाित में अिब वें बच्चे का िाम ?
• Name of the billion th baby in india
• On 11th May 2000, India's population officially reached 1 billion
people with the birth of a baby girl.
Astha Arora
16. Human Rights?
The Cyrus Cylinder, created by king Cyrus the
Great, is sometimes argued to be the world's
first charter of human rights.
Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings,
regardless of race, sex, nationality, ethnicity, language,
religion, or any other status.
Human rights include
• the right to life and liberty,
• freedom from slavery and torture,
• freedom of opinion and expression
• , the right to work and education,
and many more.
Everyone is entitled to these rights, without discrimination.
17. Universal Declaration of Human Rights
• The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a milestone
document in the history of human rights. The Declaration was
proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly in Paris on 10
December 1948 by General Assembly resolution 217 A (III) as a
common standard of achievements for all peoples and all nations.
• It sets out, for the first time, fundamental human rights to be
universally protected.
Human Rights?
18. Family Planning
• Family planning services are defined as "educational, comprehensive
medical or social activities which enable individuals, including minors,
to determine freely the number and spacing of their children and to
select the means by which this may be achieved"
19. Family Planning in India
• Just after independence, the Family Planning Association of India was
formed in 1949. The country launched a nationwide Family Planning
Programme in 1952, a first of its kind in the developing countries. This
covered initially birth control programmes and later included under its
wing, mother and child health, nutrition and family welfare. In 1966, the
ministry of health created a separate department of family planning.
• The then ruling Janata Government in 1977 developed a new population
policy, which was to be accepted not by compulsion but voluntarily.
• It also changed the name of Family Planning Department to Family Welfare
Programme.
The Red Triangleindicates family
planning products and services in
India
20. Family Planning / Family Welfare Programme (FWP)
by the Government in India
• This is a centrally sponsored programme, for which 100% help is provided by the Central to all the states of
the country. The main strategies for the successful implementation of the FWP programme are:
• FWP is integrated with other health services.
• Emphasis is in the rural areas
• 2-child family norm to be practiced
• Adopting terminal methods to create a gap between the birth of 2 children
• Door-to-door campaigns to encourage families to accept the small family norm
• Encouraging education for both boys and girls
• Encouragement of breast feeding
• Proper marriageable adopted (21 years for men and 18 years for women)
• Minimum Needs Programme launched to raise the standard of living of the people.
• Monetary incentives given to poor people to adopt family planning measures.
• Creating widespread awareness of family planning through television, radio, news papers, puppet shows etc.
21. Population Quotes
• “In order to stabilize world population, we must eliminate 350,000 per
day”. – Jacques Yves Cousteau
• “The power of population is indefinitely greater than the power in the
earth to produce subsistence for man”. – Thomas Malthus
• “Population, when unchecked, increases in a geometrical ratio”. – Thomas
Malthus
• “A finite world can support only a finite population; therefore, population
growth must eventually equal zero”. – Garrett Hardin
• “Every State has the primary duty to protect its own population from grave
and sustained violations of human rights, as well as from the consequences
of humanitarian crises, whether natural or man-made”. – Pope Benedict
XVI
22. • “Almost half of the population of the world lives in rural regions and mostly in a state of poverty.
Such inequalities in human development have been one of the primary reasons for unrest and, in
some parts of the world, even violence”. – A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
• “The point of population stabilization is to reduce or minimize misery”. – Roger Bengston
• “If we don’t halt population growth with justice and compassion, it will be done for us by nature,
brutally and without pity- and will leave a ravaged world”. – Nobel Laureate Dr. Henry W. Kendall
• “When the family is small, whatever little they have they are able to share. There is peace”. –
Philip Njuguna
• “As a woman leader, I thought I brought a different kind of leadership. I was interested in
women’s issues, in bringing down the population growth rate… as a woman, I entered politics
with an additional dimension – that of a mother”. – Benazir Bhutto
• “Yet food is something that is taken for granted by most world leaders despite the fact that more
than half of the population of the world is hungry”. – Norman Borlaug
• “Population growth is straining the Earth’s resources to the breaking point, and educating girls is
the single most important factor in stabilizing that. That, plus helping women gain political and
economic power and safeguarding their reproductive rights”. – Al Gore
Population Quotes
23. • Celebrate World Population Day to enjoy lesser crowd in future.
• Save the earth from over-exploitation caused by over population.
• Join the campaign to have enough space to live on the earth.
• Adopt a child instead of giving birth to your own child.
• Control the population to maintain the happy life.
• Control the population and save women’s life.
Population Slogans
26. • Mother tongues has totalled 19569.
• 1369 rationalized mother tongues and 1369 rationalized mother
tongues were further classified following the usual linguistic methods
for rational grouping based on available linguistic information. Thus,
an inventory of classified mother tongues returned by 10,000 or more
speakers are grouped under appropriate languages at the all India
level, wherever possible, has been prepared for final presentation of
the 2011 mother tongue data. The total number of languages arrived
at is 121.
Language 2011
27. • The 121 languages are presented in two parts viz.
• Part A: Languages included in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution
of India (Scheduled Languages) comprising of 22 languages; and
• Part B: Languages not included in the Eighth Schedule (Non-
Scheduled Languages) comprising of 99 languages plus the category
“Total of other languages” which includes all other languages and
mother tongues falling under Part B and which returned less than
10,000 speakers each at the all India level or were not identifiable on
the basis of the linguistic information available.
Language 2011
28. • Of the total population of India, 96.71 percent have one of the
Scheduled languages as their mother tongue, the remaining 3.29 per
cent is accounted for by other languages.
Language 2011
29. • Statement 1: Abstract of speakers’ strength of languages and mother tongues – 2011
• Statement 2: Distribution of population by Scheduled and Other languages – India, States and
Union Territories - 2011.
• Statement 3: Distribution of 10,000 persons by language - India, States and Union Territories -
2011.
• Statement 4: Scheduled languages in descending order of speakers’ strength - 2011
• Statement 5: Comparative speakers’ strengths of Scheduled languages - 1971, 1981, 1991, 2001
and 2011.
• Statement 6: Comparative rankings of the Scheduled languages in descending order of speakers’
strength - 1971, 1981, 1991,2001 and 2011.
• Statement 7: Growth of the Scheduled languages -1971, 1981, 1991, 2001 and 2011.
• Statement 8: Growth of the Non-Scheduled languages – 1971, 1981, 1991, 2001 and 2011.
• Statement 9: Family-wise grouping of the 121 Scheduled and Non- Scheduled languages - 2011.
Language 2011
http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language_MTs.ht
ml
30. प्रवास/Migration
No more flowers,
On the trees,
Said a buzzing,
Bunch of bees...
No green grass,
On which to feast,
Said a wild wildebeest...
It’s too cold,
To flit and fly,
Said a monarch butterfly...
What should we do?
How can we live?
When environments,
Cease to give…
Conditions change,
What's on our plate,
It’s time to move,
We must migrate!
Migration’s moving,
Swim, run, fly,
From a place,
Too cold or dry,
To a place,
Where food is found,
Migration’s moving,
To new ground!
31. Migration in Census
• कौि सी श्रंखला डेटा जिगणिा में प्रवासि से निपट रहा है?
• Which series data relates to Migration in Census?
D series
33. Migration
• Migration, the large-scale movement from one environment to
another
Animal migration, the relatively long-distance movement of individual
animals, usually on a seasonal basis.
Human migration, physical movement by humans from one area to another.
Plant migration, see Seed dispersal, the movement or transport of seeds
away from the parent plant.
34. Human Migration
• Human migration is the movement by people from one place to another with the
intentions of settling, permanently or temporarily in a new location.
• The movement is often over long distances and from one country to another,
but internal migration is also possible; indeed, this is the dominant form globally.
• People may migrate as individuals, in family units or in large groups. A person who moves
from their home to another place because of natural disaster or civil disturbance may be
described as a refugee or, especially within the same country, a displaced person. A
person seeking refuge from political, religious or other forms of persecution is usually
described as an asylum seeker.
• Nomadic movements are normally not regarded as migrations as there is no intention to
settle in the new place and because the movement is generally seasonal.
• Only a few nomadic people have retained this form of lifestyle in modern times. Also,
the temporary movement of people for the purpose of travel, tourism, pilgrimages, or
the commute is not regarded as migration, in the absence of an intention to live and
settle in the visited places.
35. Reasons for migration
• Pull factors and push factors refer to the motives to migrate.
• Push factors are those associated with the area of origin, while
• pull factors are those that are associated with the area of destination.
36. • Push factors
This refers to conditions which force people to leave their homes. A person moves because of distress.
Migration is triggered by the promise of an easier and more enjoyable life elsewhere. Examples of push factors
can include:
• Unemployment. Often, people leave places where they are less likely to get employment (such as rural
areas) and go to urban areas where job opportunities are more plentiful. This factor has been the major
reasons cities and towns are highly populated. Individuals leave their homes to search for employment in
more industrialized areas.
• Insecurity. People move away from places that experience terrorism, violence, and high levels of crime. They
move in search of peaceful and secure environment.
• Scarcity of land. People are forced to migrate in search of more land to cultivate and live in. Individuals in
need of undertaking extensive agriculture move to less populated areas.
• Political instability. The effects of politics force people to move out of their homes or even countries, in
search of a peaceful environment.
• Drought and famine. Some communities are nomads in that they move away from their land in periods of
severe drought and famine in search of water and food.
Reasons for migration
Religious, Social And
cultural factors
37. •Pull factors
Pull factors refer to the factors which attract people to move to a certain
area. Examples of pull factors include:
• Availability of better job opportunities. People seeking employment leave
their homes to the places that they can access better opportunities.
• Religious freedom. There are places in the world where free worship is not
protected. People will flee from religious prosecution.
• Political freedom. People are attracted to governments that exercise
democracy as opposed to dictatorship.
• Fertile land. People interested in farming are attracted by fertile lands.
• Environmental safety. Places free from environmental hazards like
flooding, earthquakes, tsunamis, and hurricanes attract a lot of people.
Reasons for migration
38. World Migration statistics
• The World Bank has published its Migration and Remittances Factbook annually since 2008. The International Organisation for
Migration (IOM) has published a yearly World Migration Report since 1999. The United Nations Statistics Division also keeps a
database on worldwide migration.
• Substantial internal migration can also take place within a country, either seasonal human migration (mainly related to
agriculture and to tourism to urban places), or shifts of population into cities (urbanisation) or out of cities (suburbanisation).
Studies of worldwide migration patterns, however, tend to limit their scope to international migration.
• The World Bank's Migration and Remittances Factbook of 2011 lists the following estimates for the year 2010: total number of
immigrants: 215.8 million or 3.2% of world population. In 2013, the percentage of international migrants worldwide increased
by 33% with 59% of migrants targeting developed regions. Almost half of these migrants are women, which is one of the most
significant migrant-pattern changes in the last half century. Women migrate alone or with their family members and
community. Even though female migration is largely viewed as associations rather than independent migration, emerging
studies argue complex and manifold reasons for this.
• The World Bank's report estimates that, as of 2010, 16.3 million or 7.6% of migrants qualified as refugees. At the end of 2012,
approximately 15.4 million people were refugees and persons in refugee-like situations - 87% of them found asylum in
developing countries.
• Structurally, there is substantial South-South and North-North migration, i.e., most emigrants from high-income O.E.C.D.
countries migrate to other high-income countries, and a substantial part (estimated at 43%) of emigrants from developing
countries migrate to other developing countries.
39. The top ten immigration & Origin countries are
immigration countries
• the United States
• the Russian Federation
• Germany
• Saudi Arabia
• Canada
• the UK
• France
• Australia
• India
countries of origin
Mexico
• Spain
• China
• Ukraine
• Bangladesh
• Pakistan
• the UK
• the Philippines
• Turkey
40. Migration
• Remittances, i.e., funds transferred by migrant workers to their home
country, form a substantial part of the economy of some countries. The top
ten remittance recipients in 2010 were (estimates in billion US dollar) India
(55; 2.7% of GDP), China (51; 0.5% of GNP), Mexico (22.6; 1.8% of
GDP), Philippines (21.3; 7.8% of GDP), France (15.9; 0.5% of GDP), Germany
(11.6; 0.2% of GDP), Bangladesh (11.1; 7.2% of GDP), Belgium (10.4; 1.9%
of GDP), Spain (10.2; 0.7% of GDP), Nigeria (10.0; 1.9% of GDP).
• The United Nations reported that 2014 had the highest level of forced
migration on record: 59.5 million individuals, caused by "persecution,
conflict, generalized violence, or human rights violations", as compared
with 51.2 million in 2013 (an increase of 8.3 million) and with 37.5 million a
decade prior. As of 2015 one of every 122 humans is a refugee, internally
displaced, or seeking asylum.
41. Top recipient countries of remittances (in billions of US Dollar)
Country
Remittances
2012
Remittances
2013
Remittances
2014
Remittances
2015
Remittances
2016
Remittances
2017
India 68.82 69.97 70.97 72.20 62.7 69
China 57.99 59.49 61.49 63.90 61.0 64
Philippines 24.61 26.70 27.90 29.80 29.9 33
Mexico 23.37 23.02 24.50 25.70 28.5 31
Nigeria 20.63 20.89 20.88 20.89 19.0 22
Pakistan 14.01 14.63 17.80 20.10 19.8 20
Egypt 19.24 17.83 19.83 20.40 16.6 20
Vietnam 10.00 11.00 11.80 12.30 13.4 14
Bangladesh 14.24 13.86 15.10 15.80 13.7 13
Migration
42. प्रवासि के प्रकार
Types Of Migration
• The relatively permanent movement of people across territorial boundaries is
referred to as inmigration and out-migration,
• The place of in-migration or immigration is called the receiver population, and the
place of out-migration or emigration is called the sender population.
• or immigration and emigration when the boundaries crossed are international.
• Immigration - A process by which non-nationals move into a country for the
purpose of settlement.
• Emigration - The act of departing or exiting from one State with a view to settling
in another.
43. There are two basic types of migration studied by demographers:
Internal migration: A change of residence within national boundaries, such as
between states, provinces, cities, or municipalities. An internal migrant is someone
who moves to a different administrative territory.
International migration: Change of residence over national boundaries. An
international migrant is someone who moves to a different country. International
migrants are further classified as legal immigrants, illegal immigrants, and
refugees. Legal immigrants are those who moved with the legal permission of the
receiver nation, illegal immigrants are those who moved without legal permission,
and refugees are those crossed an international boundary to escape persecution.
प्रवासि के प्रकार
Types Of Migration
45. • Migration in the Census of India is of two types –
• Migration by Birth place
and
• Migration by place of last residence.
When a person is enumerated in Census at a place, i.e., village or town, different
from her/his place of birth, she/he would be considered a migrant by place of
birth.
A person would be considered a migrant by place of last residence, if she/he had
last resided at a place other than her/his place of enumeration.
प्रवासि के प्रकार
Types Of Migration
46. प्रवासि के कारण/
Reasons for Migration
The Census also captures the reasons for migration.
• The following reasons for migration from place of last residence are captured:
Work/Employment, Business, Education, Marriage, Moved after birth, Moved with
household and any other.
• Historically, information on migration has been collected since 1872.
• It was confined to seeking information only on place of birth till 1961. The scope of
collecting information on migration was enlarged by including the rural or urban status of
the place of birth and duration of residence at the place of residence in 1961.
• Since the 1971 Census, data is being collected on the basis of place of last residence in
addition to the question on birth place. Question on ‘Reason for migration’ was
introduced in 1981.
• The pattern adopted in 1991 and 2001 Census remained same as in 1981 except that in
2001 Census the rural urban status of place of birth was not collected. Also the category
‘Natural Calamities’ as one of the reasons for migration was excluded and a new reason
‘Moved at birth’ added.
47. 2011
Migration
• Birth Place / Place of last migration
• Reason for migration
• Duration of stay since migration
Q-23-26
48. • Migration Characteristics
• Question 23: Place of Birth
• Question 24: Place of last residence
• Question 25: Reason for migration
• Question 26: Duration of stay since
migration
प्रवासि -जिगणिा में डेटा संग्रह
49. Migration Characteristics
What is migration?
• The concept of mobility or migration concerns
the movement of persons from one place to
another.
• A considerable part of this movement is
incidental to carrying on the activities of daily
life – commuting to and from the place of
work, shopping, visiting, travel for business or
pleasure, to name a few.
50. Migration Characteristics
What is migration? contd…
• However, they are to be distinguished from
the type of mobility that involves a sustained
or permanent residence in the place of
destination.
• It is this latter type of mobility that is
envisaged by the concept, migration.
51. Migration Characteristics
What is migration? contd…
Some examples:
• Change of residence after marriage – mainly
in case of women
• Migration to cities and towns for employment
• Migration (displacement) due to construction
of dams, roads, etc.
• Migration of refugees from Pakistan after
Independence
• Migration due to education.
52. Migration Characteristics
What is migration? contd…
Movements not considered as migration?
• Highly localized movement, say from one
apartment to another in the same building
• From one house to another in the same
neighbourhood
• From one part of the village to another part of
the same village
• From one Ward in a town to another.
53. Migration Characteristics
What is migration? contd…
Movements to be considered as
migration?
• A movement will be termed as
‘migration’ if it involves change of
residence from one village /town
to another village / town).
54. Questions on Migration in 2011 Census
• In 2011 Census, information will be collected
for each person in the household on two
different types of migration.
• These relate to:
• Place of Birth (Q 23)
• Place of Last Residence (Q 24)
• In case of migration from place of last
residence two more questions will be asked
(Q 25 & Q 26).
55. What is Place of Birth of a person?
• Place of birth is the place where a person
was born.
• The Place of Birth is referred to by the
Village or Town where the person was born
and not by the name of the hamlet of the
village or locality of the town.
57. जिगणिा 2011
• Data on Migration
Provisional -D-5 Migrants By Place Of Last Residence, Age, Sex, Reason
For Migration And Duration Of Residence-2011(India , States/UTs)
In 2011 census 13 tables
as per tabulation Plan
58. 2001 Migration
• Out of about 98 million, total intra-state and inter-state migrants in the country during
last decade, 61 million have moved to rural areas and 36 million to urban areas.
• Migration stream out of rural areas(73 million) to another rural areas was quite high
(53million) in comparison to from rural to urban areas (20 million).
• About 6 million migrants went to rural areas from urban areas. On the basis of net
migrants by last residence during the past decade, i.e., the difference between in –
migration and out – migration, in each state, Maharastra stands at the top of the list with
2.3 million net migrants, followed by Delhi (1.7 million), Gujarat (0.68 million) and
Haryana (0.67 million) as per census. Uttar Pradesh (-2.6 million) and Bihar (-1.7 million)
were the two states with largest number of net migrants migrating out of the state.
• There are various reasons for migration as per information collected in Census 2001 for
migration by last residence.
• Most of the female migrants have cited ‘Marriage’ as the reason for migration, especially
when the migration is within the state.
• For males, the major reasons for migration are ‘work/employment’ and ‘education’.
60. Migration and Kerala
• Though Keralites are regarded as a highly mobile class of people, the
migratory movements from Kerala are of comparatively recent origin.
The Census reports, till the end of the nineteenth centaury portrayed
Keralites as a home bound people who do not stir out of their village
moorings. Beginning of the migratory movements were made only
from the early decades of twentieth centaury, since migration has
acquired the characteristics of a stream…
Source:K.V.Joseph… Factors and pattern of migration : the Kerala experience.
61. • "Money Order Economy"
• Around 3,000,000 Keralites are working abroad, mainly in Persian
Gulf; to where migration started with the Gulf Boom. The Kerala
Economy is therefore largely dependent on trade in services and
resulted remittance
• In 2012, the state was the highest receiver of overall remittances to
India which stood at Rs.49,965 Crore (31.2% of the State's GDP),
followed by Tamil Nadu, Punjab and Uttar Pradesh
Migration and Kerala
Pravasi
Census
by Norka
2013
62. Migrant labourers in Kerala, India's southern most state, are a significant economic force in the
state;
There were around 2.5 million internal migrants in Kerala according to a 2013 study by the Gulati
Institute of Finance and Taxation.
Every year, the migrant worker population in Kerala increases by 2.35 lakh (235,000) people.
The study, based on long distance trains terminating in Kerala, does not cover migrants from the
neighbouring states who use other modes of transport.
Assuming that the estimation is rigorous and extrapolating it, taking into account the net annual
addition, possible growth in migration rate, as well as accounting for the migration from the
neighbouring states,
Kerala is likely to have 3.5 to 4 million inter-state migrant workers in 2017.
Despite their importance and despite many of them praising the state for its welfare schemes and
environmentthey are often ignored in comparison and suffer from comparatively poor living
conditions
Migration and Kerala
Hycinth
63. • Kerala offers the best wage rates in the country in the unorganised sector.
• Sustained job opportunities, comparatively peaceful social environment, relatively less
discriminatory treatment of workers, presence of significant others, direct trains from native
states, the ease with which the money they earn can be transferred home and the penetration of
mobile phones cutting short the distance from homes influenced the migration to Kerala.
• There are push and pull factors attracting migrants to Kerala. According to Dr. Manav Paul, the
push factors are mostly poverty, unemployment, density of population, bad yield from
agriculture, low demand for labourers and other factors like raising up families, lack of civil
activities in the residential area, disasters, wars, internal fights on basis of caste, creed, race affect
the flow of migrants to Kerala.
• Pull factors like better employment opportunities, standard of life in Kerala, high wages
compared to other states, lesser communal clashes, high health indices, and provision of
education for children also attract migrants to Kerala, as well as an ongoing labor shortage in
Kerala and greater healthcare availability. However, despite these motivations, migrants often
find that they are unable to access the same benefits as locals.
Migration and Kerala
64. • Traditionally, the largest number of migrant workers in Kerala used to
come from Tamil Nadu
• According to the survey in 2013, 75 per cent of the migrant workers
come from five states, namely West Bengal, Bihar, Assam, Uttar
Pradesh and Odisha.
Migration and Kerala
65. Pravasi census 2013
• The study reveals that 14.25 lakh Keralites are residing outside India
and 3.41 lakh Keralites residing outside the State.
• Out of total migrants, the male to female ratio is found at 71:29. In
the case of Malappuram, the observed ratio is 87:13 whereas in case
of Kottayam, the ratio is found as 49:51. This can be supported by the
fact that among the nursing degree holders, Kottayam tops the group
with 29.24%
66. • The maximum employed migrants are in U.A.E with 5.27 lakhs
followed by Saudi Arabia with 3.79 lakhs.
• The maximum number of migrants abroad are from Malppuram and
93.43% of migrants abroad from Mlappuram are employed.
Pravasi Census 2013
