some imformation about thermometer and thermo couples

1. Thermometer
● What is thermometer?
● A thermometer is a
device that measures
a temperature or a
temperature gradient

2. Who invented Thermometer?
● In the year 1596,Galileo
Galilei is often claimed
to the inventer of
thermometer.
● But that instrument
indicates temperature
differences.So this
instrument is called
“Thermoscope”.

3. Sanatorio Santorio
● In the year
1612,Sanatorio
invented “AIR
THERMOMETER”.
● But it’s accuracy was
also poor.

4. Grand Duke of Tuscany Ferdinand II
● In the year 1654,the
sealed liquid in glass
with an alcohol filling
thermometer was
invented by Tuscany.

5. Mercury Thermometer
● Gabriel Fahrenheit
was invented the first
standard Mercury
Thermometer in the
year 1714.

6. Types of Thermometer
● Bimetallic Strips – different
metals expand at different
rates as they warm up.
● Working Principle: By
bonding two metals together
can make a simple electric
controller that can with stand
fairly high temperature
● This sort of controller is often
found in ovens.

7. Recording Thermometer
● Records the temperature of an
area over a long period of time
● Working Principle: A pen
connected to a bimetallic strip
records the temperature on a
rotating drum.
● As the bimetallic strip flexes,it
moves the needle up or down
based on the paper
● It can measure temperature over
days,weeks,even years.

8. Infrared Thermograms
● A device(camera) that
measures the amount of radiant
energy given off by an object.
● It can measures the
temperature of an object from a
great distance away.
● Hotter objects – Yellow,Red and
White.
● Colder objects – Blue,Purple
and Black.

9. TYPES OF SCALES
Fahrenheit
CELSIUS

10. Thermocouple
● It is a sensor userd to measure
temperature.
● When the two metals are
twisted together and heated a
small amount of electricity is
produced.
● Thermocoples are used in
many industrial,scientific
applications like markets,
power generation,oil
gas,biotech etc....

11. K-TYPE THERMOCOUPLE
● The type “k” is the most
common type of
thermocouple it is
expensive,accurate,reliable,h
as a wide temperature range.
● Thermocouple material:-
nickel,chromium/nickel,alum
el.
● Temprature range:--454 to
2300F(-270 TO 1260C)

12. J-TYPE THERMOCOUPLE
● The type “J” is very common
it has smaller temperature
range and shorter life span at
high temperature than the
type “k”in the terms of
expense and reliability.
● Thermocouple material:-iron/
constantan.
● Temperature range:-346 to
1400F(-210 to 760C)

13. T -TYPE THERMOCOUPLE
● The type “T” is very stable
and is used in extremely
low temperature
applications such as ultra
low freezers.
● Thermocouple material:-
copper/constantan.
● Temperature range: -454
to 700F

14. E-TYPE THERMOCOUPLE
● The type “E” has a stronger
signal and high accuracy
than the type “k” and type “j”
at moderate temperature
range of 1000F and lower.
● Thermocouple material:-
nickel-chromium/constantan.
● Temperature range: -454 to
1600F

15. N- TYPE THERMOCOUPLE
● “N” types shares same
accuracy and temperature
limit at the type “K” and
the type”N” is slightly
more expensive.
● Thermocouple material:-
nicrosil/nisil.
● Temperature range: -454
to 2300 F

16. S-TYPE THERMOCOUPLE
● The type “S” is used in high
temperature applications.it is
commonly found in biotech and
pharmaceutical industries.it is
sometimes used in low
temperature applications because
of its high accuracy and its
stability.
● Thermocouple material:-
platinum,rhodium- 10% platinum.
● Temperature range: -58 to 2700F

17. R-TYPE THERMOCOUPLE
● The type ”R” is used in very
high temperature applications
it has higher percentage of
rhodium than the type “s” which
makes it more expensive.
● Thermocouple material:-
platinum,rhodium- 13%
platinum.
● Temperature range: -58 to
2700F

18. B-TYPE THERMOCOUPLE
● The type “B” thermocouple is
used in high temperature
applications.It has highest
temperature limit off all of the
thermocouples listed above.It
maintains high level accuracy
stability at very high temperature.
● Thermocouple material:-
platinum,rhodium: 30%
platinum,rhodium 6%.
● Temperature range: 32 to 3100F