Test Booklet No. 02 with answers helpful in the preparation of Masters in Geography, NET, JRF and Civil Services exams.

1. Geographical Thought (17GEO24C1)
Multiple Choice Questions with answers
Test Booklet No. – 02
Kuldip Singh Kait, Ph. D. (JNU, New Delhi),
Associate Professor (H. E. S. Group-A)
Department of Higher Education, Haryana
INDIA
Academic Session: 2019-20

2. 1. Which one of the following is a key concept in humanistic geography?
A. Development and quality of life
B. Spatial location
C. Spatial concentration
D. Geographical distribution
2. The radical thinking in geography is focussed on
A. Attempt to engage the discipline in socially relevant issues
B. Only surface manifestations of societal irregularities
C. The premise that progress is independent of the material conditions
D. The mental images that the decision-makers have of the environment
3. The approach that some of the geographical facts according to Ritter, cannot be
explained scientifically, is termed as
A. Ecological
B. Regional
C. Teleological
D. Locational

3. 4. Which one of the following is a key concept in humanistic geography?
A. Development and quality of life
B. Spatial location
C. Spatial concentration
D. Geographical distribution
5. Who among the following did not support the concept of environmental determinism?
A. Ratzel
B. Davis
C. Huntington
D. None of these
6. Match the following and find the correct answer from the code:
List – I List - II
(a) Probabilism (i) Von Humboldt
(b) Stop-and-go determinism (ii) Carl Ritter
(c) Systematic Geography (iii) Griffith Taylor
(d) Regional Geography (iv) O.H.K Spate
Codes:
(a) (b) (c) (d)
A. (iv) (iii) (i) (ii)
B. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
C. (iii) (ii) (iv) (i)
D. (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)

4. 7. Who wrote the book Airs Water and Places?
A. Anaximander
B. Hippocrates
C. Eratosthones
D. Hecateus
8. The Humanistic Geography aims at ‘Verstehn’, that is
A. Life style of man.
B. Inter personal relations of men.
C. Understanding of man in his environment.
D. Objective experiences of man.
9. ‘Geographia’ in 17 volumes was written by
A. Ptolemy
B. Miletus
C. Strabo
D. Ritter

5. 10. Match the following:
List – I List - II
(Name of Scholar) (Idea/Concept)
a. Charles Darwin I. Migration laws
b. Wilbur Zelinsky II. Population and resources
c. Thomas Malthus III. Theory of evolution
d. George Ravenstein IV. Hypothesis of the mobility
Codes:
a b c d
A. I II III IV
B. II III IV I
C. III IV II I
D. IV III II I
11. Who among the following used the term Ecumenopolis to describe a projected urbanised
world or universal city by the end of the twenty first century?
A. Geddes
B. Gottmann
C. Doxiades
D. Dickinson

6. 12. The classical model of Industrial location theory in which least cost approach is of primary
consideration is recognised as the industrial location theory of
A. Weber
B. Smith
C. Isard
D. Hoover
13. Who coined the term Geopolitics?
A. Kjellen
B. Haushoffer
C. Ratzel
D. Hess
14. Whose portrayals epitomized the relationship of political geography to foreign policy?
A. Isaiah Bowman
B. Friedrich Ratzel
C. Karl Haushofer
•Adolf Hitle
15. Who for the first time emphasized the importance of mental map of environment in decision-making
process?
A. Woolridge
B. Downs
C. Gould
D. Lynch

7. 16. The Drift Theory of Wegener was postulated mainly to explain
A. Ice Age
B. Distribution of landforms
C. Major climatic changes
D. Geological similarities of coastal regions
17. Who propounded the theory of Rural Settlement?
A. Ritter
B. Ratzel
C. Meitzen
D. Schluter
18. Who postulated the concept of plate tectonics?
A. Le Pichon
B. W.J. Morgan
C. Harry Hen
D. Tuzo Wilson
19. Who of the following can be considered as an opponent of quantitative revolution?
A. Stamp
B. Chorley
C. Haggelt
D. Hagerstrand

8. 20. Identify the wrong pair:
A. A.J. Herbertson – Major Natural Regions
B. H. Robert Mill – Realm of Nature
C. Peter Hagget – Locational Analysis in Human Geography
D. L.D. Stamp – Frontiers in Geographical Teaching
21. The concept of Paradigm was propounded by
A. Thomas Kuhn
B. E. Soja
C. P. Hall
D. Lewis Mumford
22. Match the following and answer from the codes:
List – I List - II
a. A Hundred Years of Geography I. Griffith Taylor
b. Geography in the Twentieth Century II. T.W. Freeman
c. Man and Nature III. E.C. Semple
d. Influences of Geographic Environment IV. G.P. Marsh
Codes:
a b c d
A. I II III IV
B. III IV II I
C. IV II III I
D. II I IV III

9. 23. Match the List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below:
List – I List - II
(a) Weber (i) Crop combination
(b) Von Thunen (ii) Agricultural location
(c) Christaffer (iii) Central place theory
(d) Weaver (iv) Theory of Industrial location
Codes:
A. (a) (b) (c) (d)
B. (ii) (iv) (i) (iii)
C. (iv) (ii) (iii) (i)
D. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
E. (ii) (iii) (iv) (i)
24. Who defined urban geography as the study of the city as a system within a system of cities?
A. H.C. Carter
B. Michael Pacione
C. B.J.L. Berry
D. A.E. Smails
25. Who gave the theory of Rimland, giving importance to sea powers due to their ability to make a rim around ‘Heartland’, in the
book ‘The Geography of Peace’?
A. Spykman
B. Truman
C. Haushoffer
D. Mahan
26. Mackinder’s ‘Pivot Area’, which he envisaged to be strategically very important, was
A. Arabia and its surroundings
B. Central Africa
C. Land between Volga in the west and eastern Siberia in the east.
D. The central regions of ‘new world’ i.e. America’s.

10. 27. The concept of geosynctive was propounded by:
A. Holmes
B. James Hutton
C. Hall and Dana
D. J.W. Powell
28. The term ‘Cosmography’was coined and divided into ‘Uranography’and Geography by:
A. Ritter
B. Peschal
C. Humboldt
D. Verinious
29. Ice Crystal Theory related to precipitation was postulated by:
A. Muir
B. Darwin
C. Bergeron
D. Boven
30. Who among the following scholars laid down the foundation of dichotomy of general versus species
Geography?
A. Immanual Kant
B. Sebastian Munster
C. Bernhard Varenius
D. Peter Apian

11. 31. Which among the following was responsible for the radical transformation of spirit and purpose of
geography?
A. Post Modernism
B. Humanism
C. Structuralism
D. Quantification
32. The Organic Theory of state was propounded by:
A. Ratzel
B. Mackinder
C. Isaiah Bowman
D. Haushoffer
33. The book ‘Geography of peace’ is authored written by:
A. Mahan
B. Spykman
C. Haushoffer
D. Ratzel
34. Who among the followings gave the concept of ‘Rimland’ theory?
A. A Ratzel
B. O.H.K. Spate
C. Spykman
D. Griffith Taylor

12. 35. Whose works epitomized the relationship or political geography with foreign policy?
A. Adolf Hitler
B. Friedrich Ratzel
C. Mackinder
D. Karl Haushofer
36. Who among the followings gave the concept of ‘Rimland’ theory?
A. A Ratzel
B. O.H.K. Spate
C. Spykman
D. Griffith Taylor
37. Who among the following scholars emphasized on the behavioural approach in
Geography?
A. Johnston
B. Kirk
C. Burton
D. Gregory

13. 38.Which one of the following in the correct sequence of German geographers contributing
to the development of geographical thought?
A. Ratzel - Troll - Hettner - Peschel
B. Peschel - Hettner - Ratzel - Troll
C. Peschel - Ratzel - Hettner - Troll
D. Troll - Hettner - Peschel - Ratzel
39. ‘The same environment carries different meanings to people with different ways of living
and culture’. This statement is related to which one of the following concepts?
A. Probabilism
B. Determinism
C. Possibilism
D. Stop and Go determinism
40. Which school of thought first developed the idea of possibilism?
A. Russian school
B. German School
C. British School
D. French School

14. Multiple Choice Questions with answers
Test Booklet No. - 02
Geographical Thought (17GEO24C1)
Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer
1. A 11. C 21. A 31. D
2. C 12. A 22. D 32. A
3. C 13. A 23. B 33. B
4. A 14. C 24. C 34. D
5. D 15. C 25. A 35. C
6. A 16. C 26. C 36. C
7. B 17. C 27. C 37. B
8. A 18. B 28. C 38. C
9. C 19. A 29. C 39. C
10. C 20. D 30. C 40. D