Detailed classification of gunshot wounds on face on whatsoever basis

2. INTRODUCTION
• CLASSIFYING GUNSHOT WOUNDS IN THE MAXILLOFACIAL REGION INVOLVESUNDERSTANDING THE
VARIOUS PATTERNS OF INJURY AND THEIR POTENTIAL CONSEQUENCES.
• WHILE THE CLASSIFICATION CAN BE EXTENSIVE, IT GENERALLY CONSIDERS FACTORS SUCH AS THE
TRAJECTORY OF THE PROJECTILE, THE EXTENT OF TISSUE INVOLVEMENT,AND ASSOCIATED INJURIES.
HERE’S A DETAILED BREAKDOWN OF GUNSHOT WOUND CLASSIFICATION IN THE MAXILLOFACIAL REGION:

3. ANATOMICAL CLASSIFICATION
• 1. MANDIBULAR INJURIES: GUNSHOT WOUNDS CAN RESULT IN FRACTURES,COMMINUTED FRACTURES,
OR SEGMENTAL DEFECTS OF THE MANDIBLE. THESE INJURIES CAN BE FURTHER CATEGORIZED BASED ON
THE SITE OF INVOLVEMENT, SUCH AS SYMPHYSIS, BODY, ANGLE, OR RAMUS FRACTURES.
• 2. MAXILLARY INJURIES: GUNSHOT WOUNDS TO THE MAXILLA CAN LEAD TO FRACTURES, OFTEN
INVOLVING THE ALVEOLAR PROCESS, MAXILLARY SINUS, OR ORBITAL RIM.THE CLASSIFICATION CAN
INCLUDE LE FORT FRACTURES (I, II, OR III) OR OTHER SPECIFIC PATTERNS BASED ON THE REGION OF THE
MAXILLA AFFECTED.

4. IMAGE SHOWING MANDIBULAR INJURY

5. IMAGE SHOWING MAXILLARY INJURY

6. CLASSIFICATION
• 3. SOFT TISSUE INJURIES: THESE CAN RANGE FROM SUPERFICIAL WOUNDSTO EXTENSIVE LACERATIONS,
AVULSIONS, OR COMPLEX DEFECTS INVOLVING THE SKIN, MUSCLES, AND NEUROVASCULAR STRUCTURES
OF THE FACE AND NECK.
•
• 4. DENTOALVEOLAR INJURIES: THESE ENCOMPASS INJURIES TO THE TEETH, ALVEOLAR BONE, AND
ASSOCIATED SOFT TISSUES, WHICH CAN RESULT FROM DIRECT OR INDIRECT TRAUMA DUE TO A
GUNSHOT WOUND.

7. TRAJECTORY-BASED CLASSIFICATION
• 1. PERFORATING INJURIES: THE PROJECTILE ENTERS AND EXITS THE MAXILLOFACIAL REGION, CAUSING AN
ENTRY WOUND AND AN EXIT WOUND. THE TRAJECTORY AND ANGLE OF THESEWOUNDS ARE OFTEN
CRITICAL FOR ASSESSING THE EXTENT OF TISSUE DAMAGE AND POTENTIALUNDERLYING INJURIES.

8. CLASSIFICATION
• 2. NON-PERFORATING OR TANGENTIAL INJURIES: IN THESE CASES, THE PROJECTILE MAY PASS ALONG THE
SURFACE OF THE MAXILLOFACIAL REGION WITHOUT DEEPLY PENETRATING THE TISSUES. DESPITE NOT
CAUSING DIRECT PERFORATION, THESE INJURIES CAN LEAD TO WIDESPREAD TISSUE DAMAGE AND
ASSOCIATED COMPLICATIONS.

9. SEVERITY-BASED CLASSIFICATION
• 1. SUPERFICIAL WOUNDS: THESE INVOLVE LIMITED SKIN AND SOFT TISSUE INJURY WITHOUT
SIGNIFICANT DAMAGE TO BONE OR DEEPER STRUCTURES. WHILE SEEMINGLYLESS SEVERE, THE RISK OF
INFECTION AND FUNCTIONAL IMPAIRMENT SHOULD NOT BE OVERLOOKED.

10. CLASSIFICATION
• 2. PENETRATING WOUNDS: THEY INVOLVE INJURY TO DEEPER STRUCTURES,POTENTIALLY LEADING TO
FRACTURES, NEUROVASCULAR DAMAGE, AND THE NEED FOR COMPREHENSIVESURGICAL INTERVENTION.
•
• 3. COMPLEX INJURIES: THESE ENCOMPASS CASES WHERE THERE IS EXTENSIVE TRAUMA INVOLVING
MULTIPLE ANATOMICAL REGIONS, POTENTIALLY LEADING TO SEVERE FUNCTIONAL IMPAIRMENT,
DISFIGUREMENT, AND A HIGHER RISK OF ASSOCIATED MEDICAL COMPLICATIONS.

11. COMPLICATION-BASED CLASSIFICATION
• 1. COMPLICATED WOUNDS: THESE INVOLVE FRACTURES, FOREIGN BODY RETENTION, SOFT TISSUE LOSS,
OR INJURIES TO MAJOR NEUROVASCULAR STRUCTURES, NECESSITATING IMMEDIATE ATTENTION AND
SPECIALIZED MANAGEMENT
• 2. ASSOCIATED INJURIES: IN ADDITION TO DIRECT MAXILLOFACIAL TRAUMA, GUNSHOT WOUNDS IN THIS
REGION CAN LEAD TO OCULAR INJURIES, AIRWAY COMPROMISE, AND NECKINJURIES, ADDING
COMPLEXITY TO THE OVERALL MANAGEMENT AND POTENTIAL LONG-TERM CONSEQUENCES.

12. DENTAL AND ORAL CAVITY INJURIES
• 1. DENTOALVEOLAR INJURIES: THESE INCLUDE DAMAGE TO THE TEETH, ALVEOLAR BONE, AND
SURROUNDING TISSUES, OFTEN REQUIRING SPECIFIC DENTAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL MANAGEMENT,
INCLUDING POTENTIAL TOOTH AVULSION, FRACTURES, AND SOFT TISSUE LACERATIONS.
•
• 2. HARD AND SOFT PALATE INJURIES: GUNSHOT WOUNDS MAY RESULT IN COMPLEX INJURIES TO THE
HARD AND SOFT PALATE, POTENTIALLY LEADING TO IMPAIRMENT IN SPEECH, SWALLOWING, AND DENTAL
REHABILITATION CHALLENGES.

13. FUNCTIONAL AND AESTHETIC
CONSIDERATIONS
• 1. COSMETIC DEFECTS: DEPENDING ON THE EXTENT OF THE INJURY, GUNSHOT WOUNDS CAN LEAD TO
SIGNIFICANT COSMETIC DEFECTS, REQUIRING COMPREHENSIVE RECONSTRUCTIVE AND AESTHETIC
PROCEDURES.
•
• 2. FUNCTIONAL IMPAIRMENT: MAXILLOFACIAL GUNSHOT WOUNDS CAN RESULT IN IMPAIRMENT OF
MASTICATION, SPEECH, AND SWALLOWING, NECESSITATING A HOLISTIC APPROACH.

14. •THANKYOU 😃