Presentation-and-Interpretation-of-Data.pdf

Quarter 4 - Module 5, Week 5
Presentation and Interpretation of Data
Image Source: https://images.app.goo.gl/npkXezxQqaFzhfP88
KRIS COLLEEN P. GONSODEN
Developer
Department of Education • Cordillera Administrative Region
Senior High School
NOT
Practical Research 2
Quarter 2 - Module __

i
Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Cordillera Administrative Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CAR
Wangal, La Trinidad, Benguet
Published by:
Learning Resource Management and Development System
COPYRIGHT NOTICE
2020
Section 9 of Presidential Decree No. 49 provides:
“No copyright shall subsist in any work of Government of the Philippines;
however, prior approval of the government agency of office wherein the work is
created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit”
This material has been developed by the Implementation of K-12 Curriculum
through the curriculum Implementation Division (CID)-Learning Resource
Management and Development System (LRMDS). It can be reproduced for
educational purposes and the source must be acknowledged. Derivatives of the work
including creating an edited version, an enhancement or supplementary works are
permitted provided all original work is acknowledged and the copyright is attributed.
No work may be derived from this material for commercial purposes and profit.

ii
What I Know
Instruction: Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer and write in your answer sheet.
.
1. Which of the following data processing techniques refers to ordering the data into a table?
A. Presentation C. Editing
B. Tabulation D. Coding
2. Which of the following is done to assign numerical value to specific indicator especially if it is
qualitative in nature.
3. Its main purpose is to check the consistency,accuracy, organization, and clarity of the data
collected.
4. It is the process of organizing data into logical, sequential and meaningful categories and
classifications to make them amenable to study and interpretation.
5. It is the simplest way of summarizing a set of observations.
A. Textual presentation C. Graphical presentation
B. Tabular presentation D. Linear presentation
6. It uses words, statements or paragraphs with numerals, numbers or measurements to
describe data.
7. Which on the following must a good table contain?
A. Table number C. Body
B. Caption subhead D. All of the above
8. Which of the following must be observed in interpreting tables?
A. Present the in significant figures.
B. Repeating what’s inside the table.
C. Support your findings with literature and studies that confirms or contrasts you
results.
D. Start with a brief generalization.
9. Which of the following portrays the visual presentation of data ?
A. Graph C. Both a and b
B. Chart D. Neither A nor B
10. It is a graphical presentation of data that show a continuous change or trend.
A. Bar graph C. Line graph
B. Pie chart D. Circus graph
11. It may be drawn vertically or horizontally.
12. It is used to show how parts of a whole compare to each other and to the whole.

iii
13. Which of the following is not an interpretation of the table?
A. Daguioman has the smallest population with 2,019 persons, followed by Bucloc with
2,395 persons,
B. The ten least populous cities/municipalities in CAR are all located in the province of
Abra.
C. San Isidro ranked 10 and considered as the least populated city/municipality.
D. Langiden has a total population of 3,576 persons.
14. Which of the following is the best interpretation of the table?
A. The population of the Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) as of 01 May 2020 is
1,797,660 based on the 2020 Census of Population and Housing (2020 CPH).
B. The population of the Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) accounts for about
1.65 percent of the Philippine population in 2020.
C. The 2020 population of the region is higher by 75,654 from the population of 1.72
million in 2015
D. All of the above
15. Which of the following is not an interpretation of the graph?
A. Indonesia leads the
Southeast Asian countries in
COVID-19 cases.
B. The Philippines dropped
to third with 7649 cases.
C. Laos has the least
number of COVID-19 cases.
D. The ASEAN countries
have 40, 219 COVID -19
cases as of April 27, 2020.

1
What’s In
In school, you have been receiving your report card in tables. Now, try to think that
your report cards are printed in a textual format. Your grades and remarks about you are presented
in a paragraph format instead of data tables. It is confusing, isn’t it? Also, try to imagine a scenario
that the grades of each member of your class in all subjects is in paragraph format too. Would you
read the lengthy pages? Will you be able to understand easily the data presented? Probably, you
will answer “No!” to both. That is why data must be presented correctly and clearly. This will be
the focus of this lesson.
In the previous lesson, you were presented with ways on how to gather your data. This
lesson will present how to encode and organize collected data for systematic purposes. In
process, you will need to edit, code, tabulate and summarize information through graphs and
tables for presentation and interpretation purposes.
What’s New
Activity 1: It’s Saying Something!
Direction: Study the October 5, 2021 figures on Covid-19 gathered by the
Municipality of La Trinidad in Benguet Province then answer the questions that follow in your
answer sheet.
Source: https://www.facebook.com/lgulatrinidad
Presentation and
Interpretation of Data

2
Follow-up questions:
1. How was the data presented?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Will you change the presentation of the data? Why or why not?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. Interpret the data in 3-5 sentences.
__________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
What Is It
Techniques in Data Processing
Remember to organize your data based on your research questions. The data
processing involves three actions: editing, coding, and tabulation.
Editing is a process where the collected data are checked. At this stage, handling data
with honesty should be employed. When you edit it is expected that you will not change,omit,
or makeup information if you think that the data you collected is insufficient or does not meet
your personal expectations. The main purpose of editing is for checking the consistency,
accuracy, organization, and clarity of the data collected. Data editing can be done manually
like traditional tallying or with the assistance of a computer or combination of both.
Coding is a process where the collected data are categorized and organized. It is
usually done in qualitative research. In quantitative research, coding is done to assign
numerical value to specific indicator especially if it is qualitative in nature. This numerical value
will be useful when you are going to analyze your data using statistical tool. Just make sure
that the categories created are aligned with your research questions. Consider the following
example.
Tabulation is a process of arranging data. In many studies, table is used to do this
process. Tabulation can be done manually or electronically using MS Excel. Again, organize
the data based on your research questions. Before inputting your data into the table, it will be
helpful to review your statistics class on how to arrange data according to the statistical
techniques you will use. Take note that the digital tool you are going to use will also matter on
how you are going to tabulate your data; like MS Excel, Minitab, or other digital tools have
different ways of entering your data. Correct arrangement of your data will be helpful during
actual data analysis.

3
Presentation and Interpretation of Data
▪ The next step after editing, coding, and tabulating the data is to present, analyze, and
interpret them. Presentation is the process of organizing data into logical, sequential and
meaningful categories and classifications to make them amenable to study and interpretation.
The common techniques being used to present data results are textual, tabular, and
graphical methods. These three provide an initial analysis of the data.
I. Textual Presentation of Data
Textual presentation use words, statements or paragraphs with numerals, numbers or
measurements to describe data. They can also be used independently to describe the data
when there are very few quantities or numbers. They can also be used to compare data using
paragraphs for the discussion. Here are some examples:
Sample 1
There are 17 administrative regions in the Phili[[pines. The largest
administrative region in terms of population size is Region IV-A (CALABARZON) with
16,195,042 persons. It is followed by the National Capital Region (NCR) with
13,484,462 and Region III (Central Luzon) with 12,422,172. The combined population
of these three regions accounted for about 38.6 percent of the Philippine population
in 2020. The three least populated regions were the Cordillera Administrative Region
(CAR) with 1,797,660; Region XIII (Caraga) with 2,804,788; and MIMAROPA Region
with 3,228,558.
Sample 2
Of the 1,178 barangays in CAR, the largest in terms of population size is
Irisan in the City of Baguio, Benguet with 36,562 persons. It was followed by Pico in
La Trinidad, Benguet with 25,790 persons, and Bulanao in the City of Tabuk, Kalinga
with 21,522 persons. The rest of the top ten most populous barangays in the region
are all located in the province of Benguet.
II. Tabular Presentation of Data
Table is the simplest way of summarizing a set of observations. A table has rows
and columns containing data, which can be in the form of absolute numbers or
percentages, or both.
A good table should include the following parts:
1. Table number–This is placed above the table.
2. Title- The title is usually written right after the table number.
3. Caption subhead –this refers to columns and rows.
4. Body –it contains all the data under each subhead.
5. Source- when using data obtained from a secondary source, this source has to be
acknowledged.

4
Here are some examples:
Tabular Presentation of Data Sample
To
interpret the tables, one needs to do the following:
• Analyze the connections among the details of the headings.
• Check the unusual pattern of the data and determine the reason behind these.
• Begin with the table number and the title.
• Present the significant figures (overall results, high and low values, the
unusualpattern).
• Refrain from repeating again what’s inside the table.
• Support your findings with literature and studies that confirms or contrasts your
results.
• Establish the practical implications of the results. This will add value to your
research findings.
• End with a brief generalization.
Here are some samples of tables with interpretation
Tabular Presentation and Interpretation of Data Sample 1

5
Looking at Table 3, there is a significant relationship between the classroom
interaction that facilitates positive discipline and sense belonging (r(39 = .973, p = 0.000).
The feeling of being safeand welcome in school is significantly related to how the
teachers manage classroom interaction. This result is supported by the early studies on
classroom management by Brophy and Avertson (1976) that though variety of teaching
behaviors affect effective teaching; classroom management appeared to be one of the
most critical aspects as viewed by students.
Table 3. Correlation Analysis of Positive Discipline and Sense of Belonging
*p<.05,
**p<.01
On average,students devote 4.5 hours perday to theiravocation. Basedon the
table, people who engage themselves with social media as a hobby spend the most
hours with an average of 5.8 hours, followed by videogameswith an average of 5.4
hours spent, watching with an average of 4.7 hours spent, literature with an average of
4.1 hours spent, sports with an average of 3.5 hours, and finally arts with students who do
arts spending the least time with an average of 3.4 hours. Based on the table, students
whose hobbies are either video gaming, social media or watching spend most of their
time partaking intheir hobbies. These three hobbies have something common in
difference, ofwhich all require the use of an electronic device. According to Anderson
(2018), teenagers spend most of their time on electronic devices and social media. This
may be a reason for the three said hobbies having the highest average time spent.
Tabular Presentation and Interpretation of Data Sample 2
III. Graphical Methods of Presenting Data
A graph or chart portrays the visual presentation of data using symbols such as lines,
dots, bars or slices. It depicts the trend of a certain set of measurements or shows comparison
between two or more sets of data or quantities.
A good graph or chart shows that the x and y axis has a heading and units are
included. The figure number and title are usually placed below the figure. The known value
is plotted on the x-axis and the measured value is plotted on the y-axis. This description
of a good chart excludes pie charts.
Some examples of charts/graphs are discussed in the next pages. Guidelines and
examples are provided to guide you on deciding what type of graph or chart to use in
presenting research reports.
A. Line Graph
A line graph is a graphical presentation of data that show a continuous change or
trend. It may be an ascending or descending trend or change over time.
Variables Sense of Belongingness Interpretation
Classroom
Interaction
Pearson
Correlation
.973
Significant
Sig. (2-tailed) .000**
Use of
Reinforcement
Pearson
Correlation
.073
Not Significant
Sig. (2-tailed) .663

6
Line Graph Presentation and Interpretation Sample
B. Bar Graph
A bar graph illustrates comparisons of amounts and quantities. It may be drawn
vertically or horizontally. It is plotted on either the x-axis or y-axis. The categories may be
plotted on one axis while the other axis contains the numerical values that represent the
data being measured.
Bar Graph Presentation and Interpretation Sample
Figure 1 shows the functional literacy rate of Filipinos 10 to 64 years old by sex
and age group, according to the results of the 2019 Functional Literacy, Education and
Figure 2. Students Quarterly Average Grade by Sections in Elective Mathematics (S.Y. 2019-2020
Figure 2 showed changes in the average grade of Elective Mathematics
between Grade 10-Max and Grade 10-Min from the first quarter to the fourth quarter for
S.Y. 2019-2020. From the graph,it is evident that both sections are performing well, but
Grade 10-Max managed to maintain consistentlyits high performance than Grade 10-Min
every quarter. During the second quarter, there is a noticeablyfar difference between the
two sections. Overall, Grade 10-Max gained a better performance in ElectiveMathematics
than Grade 10-Min.

7
Mass Media Survey (FLEMMS). The graph reveals that in 2019, females posted higher
functional literacy rate (92.9%) than males (90.2%). Among age groups, 20 to 24-year-old
(96.0%) Filipinos had the highest functional literacy rate, while those aged 60 to 64 years
old (84.8%) had the lowest.
C. Pie Charts or Circle Graph
A pie chart is usually used to show how parts of a whole compare to each other
and to the whole. The entire circle represents the total, and the parts are proportional to
the amount of the total they represent.
Pie Chart Presentation and Interpretation Sample
Figure 3 showed the data released by COMELEC on the number of registered
voters by age in the 2019 midterm election. Comelec data shows that there are
61,843,750 registered voters in the Philippines alone and 1,822,173 more are
registered to vote from overseas. Gen X (Generation X), or those born from the 1960s
to the early 1980s, comprise 19,911,867 of the total number of voters, accounting for
roughly 32%. Millennials and Gen Z (Generation Z) or those born in the mid-90s and
early 2000s, comprise around 31% of the total vote, or 18,847,230 voters. Not far
behind are baby boomers who account for around 28% of the vote. 17,216,364 voters
are registered in this age range. Meanwhile, the remaining 9% of voters are aged 65
and older, comprising 5,868,289 of the over 60 million voters.
Figure 3. Number of Registered Voters by Age
18-29 30-44 45-64 65 and above
31 %
32 %
28 %

8
What’s More
Activity 2: Present me!
Directions: Present the following data in a tabular or graphical format. Place your answers
in your answer sheet.
1. There are a total of 24, 137 Active Cases of COVID-19 in the Philippines (Data as of June
27, 2020) with the following breakdown:
Asymptomatic - 898 persons
Mild - 23, 090 persons
Severe - 125 persons
Critical - 24 persons
2. These are the data on hospital beds and mechanical ventilators for COVID-19 patients with
the following breakdown:
Ward beds - 3, 179 (41.15% occupied)
Isolation Beds - 8,925 (37.93% occupied)
ICU Beds - 1, 313 (36.63% occupied)
Ventilators - 1, 883 (22.89% in use)
Activity 3: Interpret It!
Directions: Make a brief interpretation of the 3 graphs or sets of data presented. Write it in your
answer sheet.
Graph 1. Line Graph of COVID-19 cases in the Philippines since March 15-June 27, 2020
Source: https://bit.ly/3eHeujB

9
Graph 2: Number of COVID-19 cases in the Philippines as of April 2, 2020, by gender
Source: https://bit.ly/2AaLu4J
Graph 3: Philippines Major Import Sources, 2016
Source: https://bit.ly/3i7Td4A

10
What I Have Learned
Instruction: Make a reflection on what you have learned and realized by continuing the phrases
below. Copy and answer on the separate answer sheet.
1. I have learned that __________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________.
2. I did not fully understand _____________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________.
3. I did not fully understand it because ____________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________.
What I Can Do
Activity 4. Present and Interpret!
Directions: We will continue to work on your collected data. Tally all your obtained data and decide
which type of data presentation will you use, tabular or graphical?. Afterwards, make your data
presentation, analyze, and compose its interpretation. Submit for correction and approval.

11
Assessment
Instruction: Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer and write in your answer sheet.
1. Which of the following is done to assign numerical value to specific indicator especially if it is
qualitative in nature.
A. Tabulation C. Coding
B. Presentation D. Editing
2. Its main purpose is to check the consistency,accuracy, organization, and clarity of the data
collected.
A. Tabulation C. Coding
B. Presentation D. Editing
3. Which of the following data processing techniques refers to ordering the data into a table?
4. It is the simplest way of summarizing a set of observations.
5. It uses words, statements or paragraphs with numerals, numbers or measurements to
describe data.
6. It is the process of organizing data into logical, sequential and meaningful categories and
classifications to make them amenable to study and interpretation.
7. Which of the following must be observed in interpreting tables?
A. Start with a brief generalization.
B. Present the in significant figures.
C. Repeating what’s inside the table.
D. Support your findings with literature and studies that confirms or contrasts you
results.
8. Which on the following must a good table contain?
C. Table number C. Body
D. Caption subhead D. All of the above
9. Which of the following portrays the visual presentation of data ?
A. Graph C. Both a and b
B. Chart D. Neither A nor B
10. It may be drawn vertically or horizontally.
11. It is used to show how parts of a whole compare to each other and to the whole.
12. It is a graphical presentation of data that show a continuous change or trend.

12
13. Which of the following is the best interpretation of the table?
A. The population of the Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) as of 01 May 2020 is
1,797,660 based on the 2020 Census of Population and Housing (2020 CPH).
B. The population of the Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) accounts for about
1.65 percent of the Philippine population in 2020.
C. The 2020 population of the region is higher by 75,654 from the population of 1.72
million in 2015
D. All of the above
14. Which of the following is not an interpretation of the graph?
A. The Philippines dropped to third with 7649 cases.
B. Laos has the least number of COVID-19 cases.
C. The ASEAN countries have 40, 219 COVID -19 cases as of April 27, 2020.
D. Indonesia leads the Southeast Asian countries in COVID-19 cases.
15. Which of the following is not an interpretation of the table?
A. Daguioman has the smallest population with 2,019 persons, followed by Bucloc with
2,395 persons.
B. San Isidro ranked 10 and considered as the least populated city/municipality.
C. The ten least populous cities/municipalities in CAR are all located in the province of
Abra.
D. Langiden has a total population of 3,576 persons.

13
Additional Activity
Activity 5. Chapter 4!
Directions: Note the comments and suggestions of your teacher in your Activity 4. Revise if
necessary then include it in the Chapter 4 of your research paper.
Answer Key
1
B
1
C
2
D
2
D
3
C
3
B
4
A
4
B
5
B
5
A
6
A
6
A
7
D
7
D
8
C
8
D
9
C
9
C
10
C
10
A
11
A
11
B
12
B
12
C
13
C
13
D
14
D
14
D
15
A
15
B
WHAT
I
KNOW
ASSESSMENT

14
References
Baraceros, Esther L. Practical Research 2. Sampaloc, Manila: Rex Bookstore, Inc., 2016.
Bueno, David C. Educational Research Made Easy. Quezon City, Philippines: Great Books Trading
Luzano, Rochelle A. Bañares, Maria Eleonor C. Data Collection, Presentation, and Analysis. DepEd -
Cagayan de Oro, 2020
Prieto, Nelia G., et al. Practical Research 2 for Senior High School. Quezon City, Philippines:
Lorimar Publishing, Inc., 2017.

15
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Cordillera
Administrative RegionWangal, La Trinidad,
Benguet
Telefax: 422-1318 / 422-4074
Email Address: car@deped.gov.ph
Social Media: facebook.com/DepEdTayoCordillera

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