This is a class lecture on Islamic Architecture in India. Architecture of Mughal Dynasty has covered in this lecture. Course Title: Architectural Heritage-IV Architecture Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna

1. Arch 2205 | Architectural Heritage – IV | Part-B
| Kowshik Roy | Part Time Lecturer | Architecture Discipline | Khulna University |
Islamic Architecture in India
Akbar, the King of Builder’s
(1556 –1605)

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Humayun’s Tomb
Figure 01: Humayun’s Tomb form entrance of the tomb complex

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General Information
First distinct example of proper Mughal style
Inspired by Persian architecture
Constructed at Akbar’s era
Patronized by Hazi Begum, the consort of Humayn
Architect: Mirak Mirza Ghiaz
Architectural Features
Synthesis of Two style
Humayun’s Tomb
Humayun’s
Tomb
Persian style Indian
Tradition

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Humayun’s Tomb
Figure 02: Areal view of Humayun’s Tomb

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Humayun’s Tomb
Figure 03: Master plan of Humayun’s Tomb Complex

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Humayun’s Tomb
Figure 04: Axono metric view of master plan of Humayun’s Tomb Complex

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Humayun’s Tomb
Architectural Features
Compound Plan was Charbagh system with gateway house
The tomb is located in the middle of the garden
The garden is divided into four main parterres by causeways
(charbagh),
in the center of causeway ran shallow water-channels.

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Humayun’s Tomb
Figure 05: Lofty double-storeyed west gate of Humayun’s Tomb complex

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Humayun’s Tomb
Architectural Features
The square red sandstone double-storeyed structure.
Square terrace with chamfered corners rises from a 7-m. high, raised
over a series of cells
The octagonal central chamber contains the cenotaph
Elevations are decorated by marble borders and panels
Over the roof pillared kiosks are disposed around the high emphatic
double dome in the center
The concept of planning followed in the tomb is called
Nine Fold Plan

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Upper Portion
(Dome)
Mid Portion
(Tomb Structure)
Lower Portion
(Podium)
Humayun’s Tomb
Figure 06: West elevation of Humayun’s Tomb Complex

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Persian
Double Dome
Arched
Alcove in the
front Façade
Kiosk with
Cupolas
Alcove
Parapet
Chhatri type
Kiosk
Metal finial
Turret with
Crowning
Figure 07: West elevation of Humayun’s Tomb Complex

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Humayun’s Tomb
Octagonal
Chamber
Main Chamber
Figure 08: Plan of Humayun’s Tomb

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Nine Fold Plan
Become the Mughal Characteristics for individual palace, pleasure
house and mausoleum
Plan with Chamfered Square (irregular octagon)
Four Intersecting construction line divided the layout into Nine Parts
Figure 09: Basic diagram of Nine Fold

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Nine Fold Plan
Four Intersecting construction line
divided the layout into Nine Parts
The center marked the main dome
& open hall in the middle of each
sides.
The Corner Chambers are linked to
the main domed chamber by
diagonal passages
The term Hasht Bihisht (Eight
Paradises) has been interpreted as
a reference to the eight rooms
surrounding the central chamber.
Figure 10: Plan of Humayun’s Tomb
below the basic Diagram of Nine Fold Plan

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Charbagh Garden
Charbagh or Chahar Bagh is a Persian-
style garden layout. In Persian, "Chār"
means 'four' and "bāgh" means
'garden'.
The quadrilateral garden is divided by
walkways or flowing water into four
smaller parts.
In Quran Paradise is described as a
garden of eternity (Jannat-al-Khuld)
with four rivers of water, milk, wine
and honey. Charbagh concept is an
earthly representation of garden of
paradise.
The Char Bagh concept is seen in
Humayun's Tomb in a monumental
scale. Displayed its high form in
the Taj Mahal Figure 11: Basic layout of Charbagh Garden