Bioakustische Methoden zu Biodiversitätserfassung; Schwerpunkt: Orthopteren Geradflügler Grillen Heuschrecken

1. Großer Lauschangriff zur
Erfassung der Biodiversität
Klaus Riede
Institute for Zoology, Graz University, Austria
& Zoological Research Museum Bonn,
Germany

2. Bioacoustic recording and classification of Orthoptera
allows Rapid Assessment of species communities,
particularly in species-rich tropical forest habitats
Applications:
 species presence/absence
 species discovery
 species ranges/endemisms
 species abundance
 activity patterns
 community patterns
 species monitoring:
 vulnerability to habitat degradation
 extirpation rates
species recovery
The vision

3. Outline
• Acoustic profiling: state of the art
• Datasets and Databases
• From sampling to protocols
• Lessons learnt
• Creating the infrastructure: from data loggers to
web-based song classification
• Hot spots for acoustic profiling

4. Annotation in Bioacoustics:
Alexandre Yersin (1854):
Mémoire sur quelques faits relatifs à la
stridulation des Orthoptères et leur
distribution géographique en Europe.
Bulletin des Séances de la Société
Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles
4: 108-128
aus Ragge & Reynolds 1998, p 65
38 Arten, Unterschiede zwischen C. mollis,
C. brunneus und C. biguttulus,
„stumme Stridulation“ von C. mollis Larven

5. Evolution of Acoustic Analysis
Sonagraph
MEDAV
FastFourierTransform
Courtesy:
http://www.sfu.ca/sonic-studio/handbook/Spectrograph.html, Handbook of ethological methods. P. N. Lehner 1998

6. Extraction of sound parameters by using
MatLab Software
Pulse rate
Carrier
frequency
Carrier
frequency
State of the art Datasets Lessons Infrastructure Hot spots

7. Soundscapes from different sites
Map
Ecuador
Sabah
Panama
Piemonte
State of the art Datasets Lessons Infrastructure Hot spots

8. soundscapes
Valdiere (Piemonte, Italy) Poring (Sabah, Malaysia - Borneo)
Rio Aguarico (Ecuador - Amazonia) Barro Colorado Island (Panama)
State of the art Datasets Lessons Infrastructure Hot spots

9. landscapes

10. Acoustic grasshopper identification is used in
temperate habitats (grasslands)
From: Bellmann, H.:Heuschrecken: beobachten, bestimmen
1993
Chorthippus mollis ignifer
Ramme, 1923
State of the art Datasets Lessons Infrastructure Hot spots

11. www.dorsa.de
Acoustic grasshopper identification is used in temperate habitats (grasslands)
Ragge etc European grasshoppers
State of the art Datasets Lessons Infrastructure Hot spots

12. Cicadas are a main component of SEA dusk chorus

13. Recording schemes vs parabol
State of the art Datasets Lessons Infrastructure Hot spots

14. PaBCIbigTREEP_S
Main component: trig
State of the art Datasets Lessons Infrastructure Hot spots
Spectral similarities between Neotropical dusk
chorusses

15. Filtering reveals the main
components. crickets
Get sonagrams from the library
Spacing....
Or manually picking
(Parabol

17. Trig21A
Pulsrate (Pulse/s): (7/109)*1000=
64
Chir
Chirpinterval: 1170ms
109 122
Chirp[ms]: 109, 122
Chirpinterval: 1170
Pulse/chirp: 7
Pulsrate (Pulse/s): 64
Frecuencia:7500 Hz

18. Datasets and Databases
OSF: 140
Eades, D.C. & D. Otte. Orthoptera Species Fil

19. Systax: Orthoptera with sounds: 2268 taxa

24. Frequency - Pulse distance
Parameter Space
Pulse
distance
[ms]
100
5
Frequenc
20 kHz2 kHz

25. Frequency - Pulse distance
Trigoniinae subset from Ecuador
Pulse
distance
[ms]
100
5 Frequenc 18,0002,000

26. Deutsche Orthopteren Sammlungen - www.dorsa.de
Neural networks and Orthopteran song classification

27. A16,20,21:
identische Sequenzen
und Gesaenge
A21: 7514 Hz
A20: 7550-7730 Hz
A16: 7640-7895 Hz
Pulsrate 64 Hz

28. Arteninventar für Panama, Barro Colorado Island:
- Morphologie
- Bioakustik
- Genetik („barcoding“ ; COI; 28S)
Trig12A
TrigBCIAA16

29. Fauna de grillos neotropicales: conocimiento actual
ca. 5000 especies de grillos(Orthoptera Species File -OSF online, 2008)
Gesamtzahl mindestes 2-3mal höher, insbesondere in tropischen Habitaten
Panama: Schlüssel und Artenliste von Nickle (in Quintero & Aiello 1992), basiert auf
Arbeiten von Walker (1869), Saussure (1897); Chopard (1912), Hebard (1915, 1928)
Gryllidae: 8 Unterfamilien
Gryllinae (6 spp)
Nemobiinae (4 spp)
Mogoplistinae (2spp)
Pentacentrinae (1 sp)
Phalangopsinae (11 sp)
Trigoniidiinae (14 sp)
Eneopterinae (24 spp)
Oecanthinae (4 spp)
Gryllotalpidae: 3 spp
Insgesamt: 69 Arten
Biologia Centrali-
Americana:
Insecta. Orthoptera. v. 1.
(1893-1899). Orthoptera
by Dr. Henri de Saussure

30. lessons learnt
Confusing for outsiders
Taxonomic impediment
Sergeij reprints

31. Identification of species in the
field, taxonomy and databasing
Nischk 1999, Ecuadorian lowland forest
Each cluster is produced by one cricket species, deposited as a
voucher specimen within a database.
Major taxonomic groups exhibit characteristic sound parameters
Major taxonomic groups prefer certain forest strata
Species-rich Trigoniidae inhabit the canopy, producing a
high-pitched „background sound“ consisting of hundreds of indivual son
Include SW Index from Ambio
Crickets (with their pure carrier frequency, seem to
partition frequency channels.
PARAMETER SPACE CF vs PR
Community seems saturated

32. Identification of species in the
field, taxonomy and databasing
Lesson: Collection of individual songsters is necessary for baseline data
sets,
Songs are not equal to songs (from Ecuador and Panama – are not
necessarily the same)
But manual sound analysis is too time-consuming for rapid assessment

33. Deutsche Orthopteren Sammlungen - www.dorsa.de
Taxonomische
Datenbank
(OSF: USA)
Individuen
(deutsche Museen)
(SYSTAX, Ulm)
wechselseitige Links

34. The solution: automatic recording

35. from sampling to protocols

36. Arbimon stations

37. Creating the infrastructure: from
data loggers to web-based song
classification
Main study sites of major studies:
MAP
Europe: Web2.0 applications
Monitoring: go back to site, repeat study.
But labour intensive (reasons: taxonomic impediment)
Alternatives and shortcuts: Souer with entropy index
but of course Orthopterists want more!: species discovery etc

38. Bioacoustic Monitoring of Bioacoustic Diversity
BaMBi

39. Aggregators:

40. Strategy: identifying hot spots for
acoustic profiling

41. BLAST
Basic Local Alignment Search
Tool

42. Bioacoustic, automatised
classification of ethospecies
allows
Rapid Assessment
Mapping with microphones allows to answer
important research questions, such as:
- species ranges/ endemism
- species abundance
- species turnover
- community patterns
- activity patterns
- vulnerability to habitat degradation
- extermination rates

43. Wishlist and perspectives
• User-friendly interfaces
• Federated multimedia databases (GBIF?)
• Unique identifiers for sound files
• Metadata standards
• searchable sound annotations (incl carrier
frequency)
• ...... more sound files

44. Förderung: 2000-2003
Deutsche Orthopterensammlungen - DORSA
Mitarbeiter:
Sigfrid Ingrisch, Bad Karlshafen
Karl-Heinz Lampe, Bonn
Klaus Riede, Bonn
Christian Dietrich, Ulm
Kooperationen:
David Eades & Daniel Otte
(OSF: Univ. Illinois, Mus. Philadelphia)
Deutsche Naturkundemuseen
Günther Palm (Neuroinformatik Ulm)
Jürgen Hoppe (SYSTAX Ulm)

45. Research priorities
Monitoring: Acrididae; grasslands
Ensifera:Tropical forests

46. www.dorsa.de
The Problem:
Insect diversity in tropical forest canopies is overwhelming
(gu)estimates from fogging:
30 million Erwin
80 million Stork
Note that even wilder guestimates of extinctin rates are based
On these numbers, which meanwhile are common knowledge among conservationists,
but meanwhile are also critisised by economists
(17,500 ex species per yr)

47. Endangered Hot spot and forest
areas get GIS file
http://rainforests.mongabay.com/0801.htm

48. New species 2000-2009
Africa 142 South America 346 84 Otte 2006 Tropical Asia 490 Ingr
2001 (Senckenbergiana)
Sound recording 9 (ingrisch fragen) aber DORSA

49. New Species HFHD evtl mit
Map
Honduras:
There are no taxa in the database that fit the criteria entered.
Ecuador: 31 Zimbabwe 1 Cambodia 16

50. CBD priorities for programmes
on protected areas and forest
biodiversity
frontier map?
UNEP/CBD/COP/7/15:
vulnerability
irreplaceability
representativeness
Goal 3.3 To develop, apply and transfer appropriate technologies for protec
Target: By 2010 the development, validation, and transfer of appropriate techno
approaches for the effective management of protected areas is substantially imp
decisions of the Conference of the Parties on technology transfer and cooperatio
Encourage development and use of appropriate technology for habitat restoration, resource mapping,
biological inventory, and rapid assessment of biodiversity, monitoring, in situ and ex situ conservation,
sustainable use, etc. p !/
P 17
Main partners
IUCN-WCPA, UNEP-WCMC, UNESCO-MAB, World Her
conventions.
Other collaborators
Relevant international, regional and national organizations, W
International,[Conservation International] ,other NGOs and
Goal 4.3 – To assess and monitor protected area status and trends:
Target: By 2010, systems to enable effective monitoring of protected-area coverage, status and trends at
national, regional and global scales, and to assist in evaluating progress in meeting global biodiversity
targets are established.
[4.4.4 Develop and implement programs to monitor the status of biodiversity in protected areas and
their adjacent areas, including the promotion of the use of geographic information systems and remote
sensing technologies for predicting and mitigating impacts.]

51. Survey; species discovery
According to investigator´s expeditions
Taxonomic impediment (only 10 descriptors)
Few sound recordings, but underrepresented (local databses, no ce
Map of sound recordings ? AMIBIO?