It is all about contributors to space exploration

1. CONTRIBUTORS TO
SPACE
EXPLORATION

2. Elon Musk (1971- )
is the CEO and entrepreneur behind the company
Space X. His innovative business is set to privatize the
space industry. The company aims to create the first
reusable spacecraft, a revolutionary goal. The Space X
Dragon spacecraft is the first ever private spacecraft to
dock with the international space station. The only
member of this list not deceased; the full impact of his
contribution is yet to be seen. However, if Musk is able
to successfully monetize spaceflight we may be at the
dawn of a new era of space exploration and discovery.

3. 2. Werner Von Braun (1912-1977)
was a rocket scientist, aerospace engineer, and space
Many of the most important pieces of rocketry technology
developed during the space race owe their creation to Von
Braun. He worked both under the Nazi regime in Germany
with the United States after the war. While in Germany he
developed the V-2 rocket used to assault London. After
migrating to the United States he developed the Intermediate
Range Ballistic Missile (IRBM). Despite his background in
weaponry his true love of labor was spaceflight. While working
with NASA he was the chief architect of the Saturn V rocket
director of the Marshall Spaceflight Center. The Saturn V
powered the Apollo space-craft and put man on the moon.

4. Edwin Hubble (1889-1953)
is best known for his namesake law “Hubble’s Law,”
which expanded on the phenomenon of “red-shift.”
Red-shift is a phenomenon most readily
observable in space whereby the light from sources
traveling away from us shift towards the red end of the
spectrum. The opposite of red-shift is blue-shift. This
allows scientists to determine whether objects in space,
like galaxies and stars, are moving away from us or
towards us and how fast they are going. Nearly all
observable galaxies display red-shift, which provide
evidence that the universe is expanding. The famous
Hubble Telescope is named after Edwin Hubble.

5. Robert Goddard (1882-1945)
is referred to as the father of modern rocketry. He
was unquestionably a pioneer in his chosen field.
During his research he would launch over 34
rockets which reached heights up to 2.6km (1.6mi)
and speeds of 885kmh (550mph). He developed
and patented both the first liquid fuel rockets and
the first multi-stage rockets. His research is what
makes modern spaceflight possible. Although his
work was revolutionary, it was not widely
supported during his lifetime leading him to grow
very secretive about his work.

6. Isaac Newton (1642-1727)
 Isaac Newton’s work in the fields of physics and math are
incalculably important to modern day knowledge of space.
His three universal laws of motion form the backbone of
physics and he is one of two men credited with the
development of calculus. Newton proved both Kepler’s
laws of planetary motion and the heliocentric nature of the
solar system. He also developed the first practical
reflecting telescope. His work in the study of gravity would
be instrumental in the development of future theories
concerning the working of astrophysics. In short, the
physics that today allow us to launch a payload into space
and to know what it’s going to do when it gets there,
started with the work of Isaac Newton.

7. Johannes Kepler (1571-1630)
Kepler is best known for his laws of planetary motion which
describe the motion of the planets around the sun. His
three laws would later be proved by Isaac Newton. His first
and most simple law revealed that the orbits of the planets
around the sun were not perfectly circular as previously
assumed. They were in fact elliptical. An ellipse is an
elongated circle possessing of two foci or focus points.
Each planet travels an ellipse around the sun which is
located on one of the two foci. Kepler also invented an
improved version of the refracting telescope used by
Galileo.

8. Tycho Brahe (1546-1630)
was both an astronomer and a wealthy nobleman. At one
point it was estimated that he controlled one percent of all
wealth in Denmark. His considerable means allowed him
to make both scientific contributions to astronomy and
great financial contributions, funding the work of others.
Brahe built multiple research institutes and observatories.
His observations were some of the most accurate of his
time; with a median error of 1.5. His data would later be
used by his assistant Johannes Kepler, number five in
this list. Anecdotally, Tycho was famous for missing part
of his nose which he replaced with prosthetics of gold or
silver.

9. Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)
 is credited as the father of modern day observational
astronomy. He developed telescopes with magnification
up to 30X, before the work of Galileo nearly all
astronomy was done with the naked eye. Using his
telescopes he discovered the four largest moons of
Jupiter, observed sunspots, and confirmed the phases
of Venus with his new technology. He also supported
the heliocentric models of Copernicus, though he was
harassed by the Pope, the Spanish Inquisition, and
fellow astronomers for doing so. When not observing
the night sky, Galileo researched the motion of bodies.
This work would serve as a precursor to classical
mechanics developed by Isaac Newton.

10. Nicaulas Copernicus (1473-1543)
Copernicus is most famous for his development of
one of the first heliocentric models of the Universe.
A heliocentric model is one in which the sun is the
center. Copernicus referred to the observations of
Ptolemy while developing his model. Besides
directly furthering our knowledge of the universe,
Copernicus’ ideas are credited for starting the
scientific revolution. The scientific revolution led to
the development of nearly all modern technology
and scientific knowledge.

11. Claudius Ptolemy (90-168)
was one of the first astronomers. He developed one
of the earliest known models of the universe based
on his observations of the night sky. His model
placed earth at the center of several “celestial
spheres” to which the sun, stars, and other planets
were fixed. His model was one of the first to account
for the “wandering” of the planets in the night sky. His
astronomical treatises the Almagest and the
Tetrabiblos cataloged 48 constellations and provided
a table for astronomical predictions that were used
by future astronomers. The work of Ptolemy formed
the basis of astronomy for more than a thousand
years

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