A class presentation on Biotic and Abiotic Variation Among The Oceans of The World. The main purposes to show the basic variation among those.

1. BIOTIC AND
ABIOTIC
VARIATION
AMONG THE
OCEANS OF
THE WORLD
Presented By
Kazi Faridul Hasan
Department of
Fisheries & Marine Science
Session : 2013-14
E-mail: kazifaridul@gmail.com
Depertment of
Fisheries & Marine Science
Noakhali Science &
Technology University

2. INTRODUCTION
• Ocean's biotic and abiotic component has varied with its
geological regions.
• There are 5 major oceans in this world. These are -
1) Pacific Ocean.
2) Atlantic Ocean.
3) Indian Ocean.
4) Southern Ocean.
5) Arctic Ocean.

3. Ocean Location Area (sq km) Volume (cubic km)
Pacific Ocean Separates Asia and
Oceania from the
Americas
168,723,000 669,880,000
Atlantic Ocean Separates the Americas
from Europe and Africa
85,133,000 310,410,900
Indian ocean Washes upon southern
Asia and separates
and Australia
70,560,000 264,000,000
Southern
Ocean
Ecircles Antarctica 21,960,000 71,800,000
Arctic Ocean North pole 15,558,000 18,750,000
Total World ocean 361,900,000 1,335,000,000

4. Name Avg. depth (m) Coastline (km)
Pacific Ocean 3,970 135,663
Atlantic Ocean 3,646 111,866
Indian Ocean 3,741 66,526
Southern Ocean 3,270 17,968
Arctic Ocean 1,205 45,389
Total 3,688 377,412

5. ABIOTIC
VARIATIONS
AMONG THE
OCEANS

6. ABIOTIC VARIATION
• Variation among the abiotic factors.
* Temperature.
* Salinity.
* Dissolve Oxygen.
* Water current.

7. TEMPERATURE VARIATIONS
• Temperature varies majorly the effect of sunlight.
• Ekuedore area has the higher temperature then the polar
region.
• Thats why primary production higher.
• Arctic and Southern ocean temperature is below then 0°C.
• Indian oceans temperature varies 22 to 40°C.

8. TEMPERATURE VARIATIONS
• On other hand Atlantc oceans temperature varies between -2 to
30°C because of cold air flow from Arctic Ocean.
• Direct Sunlight increase the surface water, which varies
temperature among oceans.

9. Figure : Water Temperature Variations.

10. SALINITY VARIATIONS
• Salinity variations may two types:
1) Salinity Increase.
2) Salinity Decrease.

12. SELINITY INCREASE
Salinity increase when :
• Higher evaporation.
• Lower Rainfall.
Examples :
• Indian Ocean.
• Atlntic Ocean.
• Pacific Ocean.

13. EVAPORATION

14. LOWER RAINFALL

15. SALINITY DECREASE
Salinity decrese when :
• Heavy rainfall.
• Freshwater added to the ocean.
• Freezing ice floes.
Examples :
• Arctic ocean.
• Southern ocean.

16. HEAVY RAINFALL

17. ADDED FRESHWATER

18. FREEZING ICE FLOES

19. WATER CURRENT
VARIATIONS
Water Current Varientions occurs due to
• Rainfall.
• River current.
• Ship drifting.
• Animal drifting.

20. DISSOLVE OXYGEN
VARIATIONS
• Dissolve oxygen has inverse relationship with temperature.
• So, In Arctic and Southern oceans Dissolve oxygen higher then
Pacific and Indian ocean.

21. Abiotic Factors Pacific ocean Atlantic ocean Indian ocean Arctic ocean Southern
ocean
Temp.
(°C)
-1.4 to 30 -2 to 30 22 to 40 -12 to 10 -35 to 10
Salinity
(ppt)
32 to 37 33 to 37 32 to 37 32 to 34 29 to 32
Water current
(m/s)
0.05 0.06 0.30 0.03 0.02

22. BIOTIC
VARIATIONS IN
THE OCEANS

23. BIOTIC VARIATIONS
• Biotic variations are the variations among the biotic factors
• Biotic factors are the living organisms.
• Living organisms; Producers, Consumers and Decomposers.

24. BIOTIC VARIATIONS AMONG
OCEANS
• Biotic organims are varied with its region.
• 5 oceans have different living organisms.
• The biotic factors influenced by abiotic factors; e.g.,
Temperature, Salinity, DO etc.
• In equator zone sunlight penetrate straight into the sea.
• In there primary production is high and consumers abundance
is high.
• In Polar(Arctic & Antarctic oceans) region the organisms adapt
to live in low temperature and less food.

25. CONTINUED..
• High temperate zone thermophile bacterias are found.
• High saline zone halophile bacterias are found.
• In adverse condition (low temperature, low DO, high salinity);
organisms are adapt itself.

26. PACIFIC OCEAN :
Types Name of the organisms
Producers Kelp, Phytoplankton, Sea Grass, Algae, Diatoms, Sea lettuce, Manatee
seagrass, Asian surf grass, Eelgrass, Enhalus seagrass, Tape grasses,
Turtle grass, Coralline algae etc.
Consumers Blue Whale, Dolphin, Gulpous Penguin, Great White Shark, Green Sea
Turtle, Pacific Bluefin Tuna, Red Lionfish, Sea Otter, Seahorse.
Decomposers Bacteria, Echinoderms, Marine Worms, benthos etc.

31. ATLANTIC OCEANS :
Types Name of the organisms
Producer Seaweed, Phytoplankton, and Diatoms.
Primary consumers Blue whale, Sea Turtles, Manatees, Mullets and Zooplankton
Secondery consumers Tuna, Dolphins, larger fish etc.
Top consumers Sharks, Orca, Sea Lions, Leopard Seal etc.
Decomposers Bacteria, Echinoderms, Marine Worms, banthos etc.

34. INDIAN OCEAN
Types Organisms
Producers Eelgrass, Kelp, Phytoplankton, Sea Grass, Sea Weed, Algae, Diatoms,
Dinoflagellates, Sea lettuce, Manatee seagrass, Asian surfgrass etc.
Consumers Harlequin sp. , Coconut Crabs, South Asian Dolphin, Blue Whale, Dolphin,
Hilsha, Crab, Pomfret, Leatherback Sea Turtle, Hawksbill Sea Turtle, Green Sea
Turtle, Komodo Dragon, Great White Shark etc.
Decomposers Bacteria, Echinoderms, Marine Worms, Banthos etc.

38. SOUTHERN OCEAN :
Types Organisms
Producers Phytoplankton, Algae, Diatoms etc.
Consumers Krill, Antarctic fur seal, Crab eater seals, Weddell seals, New Zealand sea lion,
Penguin, Dugong, Baleen Whale, Sperm Whale, Orca, leopard seals , Fur seals,
squid, icefish , Mackerel icefish, Antarctic toothfish, Patagonian toothfish etc.
Decomposers Bacteria, Marine Worms, Benthos etc.

43. ARCTIC OCEAN :
Types Organisms
Producers Relatively little plant, less Phytoplankton.
Consumers Lion's mane jellyfish, Pholidae, Banded gunnel, King Crab, Polar bear, Lobster,
Killer Whale, Sperm Whale, Humpback Whale, Fur Seal, Fin Whale, Cuttle fish,
Barnacle, Beluga Whale, Greenland Shark, Narwhal, Orca, Bearded Seal, Harp
seal, Hooded Seal, Ribbon seal, Ringed Seal, Spotted seal, Walrus etc.
Decomposers Bacteria, Marine Worms, Banthos etc less found.