This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st-century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

1. Oral Communication in
Context
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Nature and Elements of
Communication
11

2. Oral Communication in Context
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Nature and Elements of Communication
First Edition, 2020
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Development Team of the Module
Writers: Rubi D. Pecson
Editors: Lucia M. Sunga, Ed.D.
Reviewers: Shiela C. Alemania
Illustrator: Eden Cordova, Ivory Joan Tambala, Jemar Aliñabo, Vergel Villamil
Layout Artist: Melanio R. Florino Jr.
Management Team: Dr. Reynaldo M. Guillena, CESO V
Dr. Basilio P. Mana-ay Jr., CESE
Dr. Emma A. Camporedondo, CESE
Name of Regional ADM Coordinator
Alma C. Cifra, Ed.D
May Ann M. Jumuad, PhD
Aris B. Juanillo, PhD

3. Oral Communication
in Context
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Nature and Elements of
Communication
11

4. 1
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
Welcome to the Oral Communication in Context Alternative Delivery Mode
(ADM) Module on The Nature and Elements of Communication!
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by
educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or
facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum
while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also
aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:
As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them
to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and
assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner:
Welcome to Oral Communication in Context Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)
Module on The Nature and Elements of Communication!
The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often
used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create
and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an
active learner.
Notes to the Teacher
This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

5. 2
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:
What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.
What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to
check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.
What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link
the current lesson with the previous one.
What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be
introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.
What is It This section provides a brief discussion of
the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.
What’s More This comprises activities for independent
practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.
What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank
sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.
What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will
help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.
Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given
to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts.
Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the
module.

6. 3
At the end of this module you will also find:
The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you master the nature and elements of communication. The scope of this module
permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used
recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to
follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them
can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
The module is divided into two lessons, namely:
• Lesson 1 – Explaining the Nature of Communication
• Lesson 2 – Explaining the Process of Communication
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. Understand the meaning of communication;
2. know the nature of communication;
3. identify the process and functions of communication; and
4. compare the different models of communication
References This is a list of all sources used in
developing this module.

7. 4
What I Know
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. It is an act of transferring information from one person, place, or group to
another is called
a. emotion
b. communication
c. recitation
d. delivery
2. These two authors and researchers define communication as the concept of
noise
a. Aristotle and Claude Shannon
b. Aristotle and Eugene White
c. Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
d. Warren Weaver and Eugene White
3. His research was considered as the first and earliest model of
communication
a. Claude Shannon
b. Aristotle
c. Warren Weaver
d. Wilbur Schramm
4. The Message is sent if there is _______ from the listener.
a. response
b. feedback
c. channels
d. noise
5. It is everything that makes a person unique
a. field of experience
b. field of expertise
c. field of knowledge
d. field of science
6. Which among the models of communication states that it is circular and
continuous, without a beginning or end?
a. Warren Weaver
b. Aristotle
c. Wilbur Schramm
d. Eugene White

8. 5
7. Considered the Father of Mass Communication
a. Aristotle
b. Wilbur Schramm
c. Eugene White
d. Claude Shannon
8. It is an element of communication wherein the person begins the
communication interaction
a. response
b. speaker
c. message
d. feedback
9. It is called the central to all communication
a. sending of message
b. sending of feedback
c. sending of results
d. through channels
10. The barrier in communication process
a. noise
b. distraction
c. listener
d. speaker
11. It receives the message from the speaker
a. feedback
b. channels
c. listener
d. response
12. The result of monitoring by the speaker of the listener’s response
a. feedback
b. channels
c. response
d. noise
13. The model of communication introduced by Claude Shannon and Warren
Weaver is called “Telephone Model” because
a. it is based on the experience of having the message interfered with
noise
b. it is based on the experience of not having the message interfered with
noise
c. it is based on the experience of both having the interference of noise
d. all of the above.
14. Wilbur Schramm in his model of communication asserts that
a. communication can take place if and only there is an overlap between
the field of experience of the speaker and the field of experience of the
listener

9. 6
b. communication can occur if there is no overlapping of the field of
experience of the speaker and the listener
c. communication can take place if and only there is an overlap between
the speaker’s field of experience and the message
d. communication can take place if there is no overlap in the speaker’s
field of experience and the message.
15. How does the speaker know that the message has been received?
a. if there is a response from the receiver based on the interpretation of
the message
b. if there is no response from the receiver
c. if the response is not heard
d. all of the above.

10. 7
This lesson will help us better understand the nature of the communication
process. Human society cannot function without communication. It is a medium of
which one expresses his or her feelings towards others intentionally or
unintentionally. It is the process of transmitting information from the source
(speaker) to the receiver (listener) of the message. It is a way of conveying an action
and receives feedback.
What’s In
Activity 1. What Am I
Take a closer look at the pictures.
What are these tools?
How are these communication tools used?
What tool may it be if you choose from among the tools that can deliver
communication effectively? Why?
What will happen if communication does not exist? Why?
Lesson
1 The Nature of Communication

11. 8
Look closely at the picture
What do you think they are doing?
Picture 1 Picture 2 Picture 3
Activity 2. Picture talk
Let’s do this!
Complete the table by making a script based on the following pictures and
answer the questions below. Be specific with the script as to the length.
Picture 1
Picture 2
Picture 3
Do you think they understand each other? Why? Why not?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Which group of people do you think used communication effectively? Why?
Why not?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
What’s New

12. 9
What is It
Communication Defined
We cannot think of a society without the use of communication. It comes
(from the Latin term “communis,” which means to share and inform ideas and
feelings. It is the act of transmitting intended meanings from one entity or group to
another through the use of mutually understood signs and semiotic rules. It also
helps facilitate the process of sharing information and knowledge and develops
relationships with others.
Explaining the Models of Communication
Models of communication are conceptual models used to describe the
communication process. Traditionally, there were three models of communication
of which some of the authors and researchers belong to each of these models.
• Linear Model
o Aristotle Model
• Transaction Model
o Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
• Interactive Model
o Wilbur Schramm
Introducing the Models of Communication
1. Aristotle Model
A speaker centered model as the speaker has the most important role
in it and is the only one active. It mainly focused on the speaker,
speech(message), and audience.
SPEAKER MESSAGE LISTENER
ARISTOTLE’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
2. Wilbur Schramm Model
Schramm is considered the Father of Communication. He was the first
individual o identify himself as a communication scholar. In his model, he
explained that communication is a two-way circular between the sender and
the receiver. It emphasizes on encoding and decoding of messages.

13. 10
MESSAGE
SPEAKER Decoder
Interpreter
Encoder
Encoder
Interpreter
Decoder
RECEIVER
FEEDBACK
SCHRAMM’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
3. Eugene White Model
White’s Model of communication tells that it is circular and
continuous, without a beginning or an end. He contributed the concept of
feedback to the field of communication. Feedback is the perception by the
speaker about the response of the listener.
Symbolizing Expressing Transmitting
Thinking Receiving
Monitoring Feedback Decoding
WHITE’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
4. Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver Model
The Shannon-Weaver model has been called the “mother of all
models.” Social Scientists use the term to refer to an integrated model of
the concepts of the information source, message, transmitter, signal,
channel, noise, receiver, information destination, probability of error,
encoding, decoding, information rate, and channel capacity. The model’s
primary value is in explaining how messages are lost and distorted in the
communication process. This model is often called Telephone Model
because it is based on the experience of having the message interfered
with by “noise” from the telephone switchboard back in 1940.

14. 11
Speaker Transmitter Noise Source Receiver Destination
(Information Source) Message Signal Received Signal Message
SHANNON AND WEAVER’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
The Process of Communication
The communication process is the basis for realizing the effectiveness of
communication where the sharing of a common meaning occurs between the
sender and the receiver. Effective communication leads to understanding. There are
also factors present in the communication process and these are in the form of the
sender and the receiver. It consists of key components such as encoding, the
medium of transmission, decoding, and feedback.
Introducing the Elements of communication
Communication comes about when the Message is imparted as information.
To understand the process of communication, it is break down into seven essential
elements.
1. The Speaker is an important element of communication being the source
of delivering the information in a verbal or non-verbal way.
2. The Message is what needs to be delivered by the speaker. It is central to
the process because it is the point of saying something based on why,
what, and how the speaker wants to say.
3. The Listener is the one who receives the message. The feedback depends
on how the listener reacts to the message sent. It has been said that no
matter how great the speaker is and good the Message, if there is no
listener or are not listening, then communication fails.
4. Channel is the way in which a message is sent through our senses.
5. The Response is the only way the Speaker knows that the message has
been received based on how it is interpreted by the receiver whether it is
positive or negative.
6. Feedback is the result of monitoring the listener’s response. The positive
or negative response depends on how the listener effectively interpreted
the message. Speaker will make sure of the feedback in continuing his or
her message.
7. Noise is any barrier or interference to communication.

15. 12
What I Have Learned
Activity 3 Let’s Try This
Let’s try this
Activity 3. Fill in the blanks with the correct answer
1. In Eugene White’s model of communication, he introduces the concept of
___________________ which is the ______________ of the listeners as monitored
by the speaker.
2. Schramm’s model puts emphasis on the _______________ and _____________of
message.
3. Aristotle’s model of communication focuses on the speech of the message
which is dictated by the __________________.
4. The telephone model of __________________ and _______________ talks about
the concept of “noise” which interferes with communication.
5. Traditionally, there were three models of communication of which some of
the authors and researchers belong. These are _________________,
____________________, and ___________________.
6. __________________ is any barrier in communication.
7. The _______________ receives the message from the source intentionally or
unintentionally.
8. The __________ encodes the message choose the purpose, crafts it
accordingly and deliver it.
9. ____________ is the result of monitoring by the speaker of the listener’s
response.
10._____________is the way in which a message or messages travel between the
source and the receiver.
What’s More
Activity 4 Compare and Contrast
Compare and contrast the four models of communication using the Venn Diagram.

16. 13
Activity 5
Complete the table below.
Models of
Communication
Similarities Differences
CRITERIA:
4 pts- Clear and persuasive ideas were presented in all columns
3 pts – Clear and persuasive ideas were presented in 2 columns
2 pts- Clear and persuasive ideas were presented in 1 column
1 pt – Clear and persuasive ideas were not presented in all columns.
What I Can Do
Activity 7 Now Showing
▪ What movie or TV series do you like to watch?
▪ Are there any scenes or scenarios from that movie or TV series that
you like the most? Why?
▪ If you will be given the chance to change the dialogue of that scene,
what would you like it to be?
Now try this!
Recreate a scene or a scenario from that movie or TV series you have seen by
writing your own script / dialogue.
Scene/scenario from the
movie or TV series
Your dialogue

17. 14
Criteria:
4 pts – Used own imagination and creativity in writing
3 pts – Used own ideas all the time in writing
2 pts – Used imagination and ideas when needed
1 pt – Did not use own imagination and ideas
Assessment
Activity 8
Let’s do this!
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. It is the result of monitoring the listener’s response.
a. channel b. feedback c. message d. speaker
2. It is called the mother of all models of communication.
a. Aristotle Model of Communication
b. Shannon and Weaver Model of Communication
c. White Model of Communication
d. Schramm Model of Communication
3. Which among the following NOT an element of communication?
a. response c. message
b. verbal d. feedback
4. What will happen if the message is not delivered effectively?
a. There will be a response from the listener.
b. There will be no response from the listener.

18. 15
c. Response is limited and most of the time negative.
d. None of the above.
5. Any barrier or interference in communication is called
a. message c. response
b. speech d. noise
6. Effective communication leads to
a. Understanding c. cooperation
b. Kindness d. relationship
7. It is the only way the speaker knows the message has been received.
a. channel c. speech
b. response d. listener
8. The following are the traditional model of communication, except
a. Aristotle c. Linear
b. Transaction d. Interactive
9. A speaker centered model of communication
a. Weaver and Shannon model of communication
b. White model of communication
c. Aristotle’s model of communication
d. Schramm model of communication
10. How do you know if the information is delivered effectively?
a. There is a response
b. There is a slight response
c. There is a response but incorrect
d. There is no response at all
11. White’s Model of Communication tells that communication is
a. circular and continuous
b. rectangular and continuous
c. curve and continuous
d. spiral and continuous
12. What do you think will happen to a community if communication is
not present?
a. There will be a harmonious relationship among people in the
community
b. There will be a misunderstanding among people
c. People will tend to do things that are against society
d. All of the above.
13. Communication process is breakdown into____ parts
a. 4 b. 5 c.6 d. 7
14. It is the way in which a message is deliver through our senses

19. 16
a. channel b. message c. speaker d. response
15. The father of mass communication
a. Wilbur Schramm c. Aristotle
b. Eugene White d. Shannon and Weaver
Additional Activities
Let’s wrap up!
Activity 9
Make a two-minute speech about the following issues.
1. COVID-19
2. Use of Learning Modules for the school year.
3. Social Distancing
Criteria:
4 pts – It was presented confidently, observing correct, diction and grammar
3 pts – It was presented well but lack confidence.
2 pts – It was not presented well
1 pt - Submitted written output but not presented.

20. 17
Answer Key
What I Know
1. B
2. C
3. B
4. C
5. A
6. D
7. B
8. B
9. A
10.A
11.C
12.A
13.A
14.A
15.A
What's Is It
1. Feedback-
response
2. Encoding -
decoding
3. speaker
4. Shannon –
Weaver
5. Linear,
transaction,
interactive
6. Noise
7. Listener
8. Speaker
9. Feedback
10.Channel
ASSESSMENT
1. B
2. B
3. B
4. A
5. D
6. A
7. B
8. A
9. C
10.A
11.A
12.B
13.D
14.A
15.A

21. 18
References
Communication meanings. oralcom.wordpress.com/2016/10/14/communication/
academia.edu/37309795/ORAL_COMMINICATION_IN_CONTEXT
Essential Elements. ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/commbusprofcdn/chapter/1-
Elements meanings. 3-eight-essential-components -of-communication/
Flores, Ramona S., 2016, Oral Communication in Context, First Edition, Published
and copyrighted 2016 and distributed by Rex Bookstore, Inc. (RSBI)
Nature of Communication. https://we.njit.edu/puma/352comproc/comproc.htm
Process and Nature meanings. elcomblus.com/nature-process-communication/

22. 19
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