2. Strength of Conditioning Terms:
Key Term: Order of
Effectiveness
Description:
Delayed
Conditioning
Trace Conditioning
Simultaneous
Conditioning
Backward
Conditioning
Lesson Two:
The Difference Between Classical and Operant Conditioning:
What did Thorndike research? What was the outcome?
Thorndike’s Key Terminologies:
Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning
3. • Instrumental Learning –
• Law of Effect –
What Were Skinner’s ABC’s of Behavior?
• A –
• B –
• C -
Briefly Describe the Skinner Box:
Skinner’s Four Training Procedures:
Training Procedure: Description:
Positive Reinforcement
Negative Reinforcement
Punishment
Omission Training
What is the Premack Principle? What is a good example of this?
What is the difference between:
4. • Avoidance –
• Escape –
What is learned helplessness and when do you see it happen?
What are the three rules of punishment?
1.
2.
3.
What are some concerns regarding punishment?
What is the key to getting omission training to work effectively?
Lesson Three:
Types of Reinforcers:
Primary Secondary Generalized
5. What is a token economy and where is it often used?
What is the difference between:
• Shaping –
• Chaining –
What is the difference between:
• Continuous Reinforcement –
• Partial Reinforcement –
Schedules of Reinforcement: Application
For each of the following, come up with a few real life example of each schedule of reinforcement.
1. A fixed interval means that a reward will occur after a fixed amount of time. For example, every
five minutes.
• Example:
2. A variable interval schedule means that reinforcers will be distributed after a varying amount of
time. Sometimes it will be five minutes, sometimes three, sometimes seven, sometimes one.
• Example:
3. A fixed ratio means that if a behavior is performed X number of times, there will be one
reinforcement on the Xth performance. For a fixed ratio of 1:3, every third behavior will be
rewarded.
• Example:
4. A variable ratio schedule means that reinforcers are distributed based on the average number
of correct behaviors. A variable ratio of 1:3 means that on average, one out of every three
behaviors will be rewarded.
• Example:
5. With a random schedule, there is no correlation between the animal's behavior and the
consequence.
6. • Example:
Lesson Four:
What is the difference between:
• The Contiguity Model –
•
The Contingency Model –
From a conditioning perspective, how is working with animals different than working with humans?
What is latent learning and how might it work in a “real world” setting?
How did Edward Tolman reinforce the idea of latent learning through his research?
How do you interpret this
chart?
7. Describe Wolfgang Kohler’s research. What did his research conclude?
Why is Insight Learning difficult for psychologists to explain from a conditioning perspective?
What are Albert Bandura’s Four Steps of Observational Learning?
1.
2.
3.
4.
What was academically interesting about Bandura’s Bobo Doll Experiment?
Lesson Five:
Why are taste aversions difficult for behavioral psychologists to explain?
What is instinctive drift and how does it apply to both animal and human conditioning?
What is systematic desensitization and how does it work in a therapy setting?
