Organizational change Nelson Mandela

1. Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela, first black chief executive of South Africa, was born on 18
July 1918 in the village of Mvezo in Umtata, then a part of South Africa's Cape Province.
Nelson Mandela was the son of one of South Africa's leading dignitaries, Chief Henry Mandela
of the Tembu Tribe.
After learning that his guardian had arranged a marriage for him, As Mandela was not
interested in this marriage, he fled to Johannesburg where he worked as a night watchman
and then as a law clerk simultaneously completing his bachelor’s degree by correspondence.
He studied law at the University of Witwatersrand, where he became involved in the
movement against racial discrimination and forged key relationships with black and white
activists. In 1944, Mandela joined the African National Congress (ANC) and worked with fellow
party members, including Oliver Tambo, to establish its youth league, the ANCYL. In the same
year, he met and married his first wife, Evelyn Ntoko Mase, with whom he had four children
before their divorce in 1957.
The 1948 election victory of the Afrikaner-dominated National Party led to the
apartheid system of racial segregation becoming law. Mandela rose to prominence in the
ANC's 1952 Defiance Campaign and the 1955 Congress of the People, whose adoption of the
Freedom Charter provided the fundamental programme of the anti-apartheid cause.
In 1961, he became the commander of the ANC's armed wing, Umkhonto we Sizwe.
In August of the following year, he was arrested and jailed for five years. In June 1964, he was
sentenced again, this time to life imprisonment, for his involvement in planning armed action.
He started his prison years in the infamous Robben Island Prison, a maximum security
facility on a small island off the coast of Cape Town. In April 1984, he was transferred to
Pollsmoor Prison in Cape Town and in December 1988 he was moved to the Victor Verster
Prison near Paarl from where he was eventually released.
Mandela remained in prison until February 1990, when sustained ANC campaigning
and international pressure led to his release. On 2 February 1990, South African President
F.W. de Klerk lifted the ban on the ANC and other anti-apartheid organisations.
On 11 February 1990, Nelson Mandela was released from Victor Verster Prison after
having spent 27 years in jail. Four years later, Mandela was elected the first black President
of South Africa. His presidency faced enormous challenges in the post-Apartheid era,
including rampant poverty and crime, and Mandela was particularly concerned about racial
divisions between black and white South Africans, which could lead to violence. The ill will
which both groups hold towards each other was seen even in his own security detail where
relations between the established white officers, who had guarded Mandela's predecessors,
and the black ANC additions to the security detail, are frosty and marked by mutual distrust.
While attending a game between the Springboks, the country's rugby union team,
and England, Mandela recognises that the blacks in the stadium are cheering for England, as
the mostly-white Springboks represent prejudice and apartheid in their minds; he remarks
that he did the same while imprisoned on Robben Island. Knowing that South Africa is set to
host the 1995 Rugby World Cup in one year's time, Mandela persuades a meeting of the

2. newly black-dominated South African Sports Committee to support the Springboks. He then
meets with the captain of the Springboks rugby team, François Pienaar, and implies that a
Springboks victory in the World Cup will unite and inspire the nation. Mandela also shares
with François a British poem, "Invictus", that had inspired him during his time in prison.
Things begin to change as the players interact with the fans and begin a friendship
with them. During the opening games, support for the Springboks begins to grow among the
black population. By the second game, the whole country comes together to support the
Springboks and Mandela's efforts. Mandela's security team also grows closer as the various
officers come to respect their comrades' professionalism and dedication.
As Mandela watches, the Springboks defeat one of their archrivals - Australia, the
defending champions and known as the Wallabies - in their opening match. They then
continue to defy all expectations and defeat France in heavy rain in Durban to advance to
the final against their other arch-rival: New Zealand, known as the All Blacks. New Zealand
and South Africa were universally regarded as the two greatest rugby nations, with the
Springboks being the only side to have a winning record against the All Blacks up to this
point.[4] The first Test series between the two countries in 1921 was the beginning of an
intense rivalry, with emotions running high whenever the two nations met on the rugby
field.
Supported by a large home crowd of all races at Ellis Park Stadium in Johannesburg,
Pienaar motivates his teammates for the final. Mandela's security detail receives a scare
when, just before the match, a South African Airways Boeing 747 jetliner flies in low over
the stadium. It is not an assassination attempt though, but a demonstration of patriotism,
with the message "Good Luck, Bokke" — the Springboks' Afrikaans nickname — painted on
the undersides of the plane's wings. The Springboks win the match on an added timelong
drop-kick from fly-half Joel Stransky, with a score of 15–12. Mandela and Pienaar meet on
the field together to celebrate the improbable and unexpected victory, and Mandela hands
Pienaar the William Webb Ellis Cup, signaling that the Springboks are indeed rugby union's
world champions. Mandela's car then drives away in the traffic-jammed streets leaving the
stadium. As Mandela watches the South Africans celebrating together from the car, his
voice is heard reciting Invictus again.
Nelson Mandela, leading through example has dramatically changed the “racial”
relationships in South Africa for good. Mandela understood that without solving this
underlying problem it is impossible to lower the crime rates and better the country,
economically or otherwise. So, he brought about an organizational change of the highest
degree.