Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, political leader, and philanthropist who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999.

2. Topics
• Biography
• political career
• time in prison
• family

3. BIOGRAPHY
• Rolihlahla Dalibhunga Mandela
was born in Mvezo near Umtata
on 18th July 1918
• his family was quite wealthy
 Mandela had a happy
childhood
• at the age of nine he lost his
father
• he was given his British name
“Nelson“ at a Methodist school

4. BIOGRAPHY
• 1939: Mandela studied at Fort Hare
College, where he met Oliver Tambo
 there he was first confronted with the
injustice of the supremacy¹ of the whites
• after a students‘ strike Mandela and
Tambo were expelled²
• he met Walter Sisulu who arranged a place
at “Witwatersrand University“ where he
finished his law studies
¹ - the state or condition of being superior to
all others in authority, power, or status.g
² -force (someone) to leave a place.

5. POLTICAL CAREER
• as a student Mandela got involved
in the political opposition which
struggled for equal rights for the
black majority
• 1944: he joined the African
National Congress (ANC) and two
years later he founded the Youth
League of the ANC (ANCYL) with
Tambo and Sisulu
• after the National Party had won
the election the ANC was forced to
fight harder against Apartheid

6. POLTICAL CAREER
• Mandela demanded:
→ the preservation of full citizenship for
everyone
→ direct representation of all South-
Africans in Parliament
→ the right of trade unions, education and
culture for everyone
→ compulsory school attendance for
everybody
• 1952: Mandela, who had become the
president of the ANC and ANCYL, travelled
through the country to call upon the
population to protest
• because of this Defiance Campaign4 he
received a nine months suspended sentence
with probation

7. • 1956: Mandela and others were accused of high treason
 1961: the defendants were set free
• 1960: after the Sharpeville massacre the ANC was forbidden
 his attitude changed, he accepted that violence was necessary
• 1961: Mandela founded the armed wing of the ANC, the Umkhonto we
Sizwe (Spear of the nation)
• because of forbidden journeys abroad he was sentenced to five years
imprisonment
• police found documents of
the ANC which incriminated
Mandela and other members
for treason against the
government
 they were condemned to
lifelong imprisonment

8. Time in prison
• He spent 18 years of his prison time on
Robben Island
→ lived in a 4 sqm- cell
→ black prisoners weren‘t considered to
be human beings
• they developed the so-called “Mandela
University“ where they passed on the
political views and the history of the ANC
 1982: they were sent to Pollsmore
Prison
• 1985: Mandela refused a possibility to get
free because he would have to stop
fighting violently

9. • many people demonstrated for Mandela‘s release¹
→ also many important politicians visited him
• 1988: he was moved to a prison near Paarl, where he didn‘t feel like a
prisoner any more
• Frederik Willem de Klerk became leader of the National Party and
president of south Africa
→ he abolished the ban on the ANC
• after the pressure of the ANC and foreign organizations and with the help
of de Klerk Mandela was released in 1990

10. AIDS WORK
• January 2005: Mandela’s second son died
of AIDS
• 2002: Nelson Mandela‘s worldwide
campaign “46664“ against AIDS was
founded
→ 46664 was his prison number on
Robben Island
• aim of the organization is to inform
people about AIDS and how important it
is to protect oneself
→ live events with famous people such
as Will Smith are organized

11. THANK YOU FOR
YOUR ATTENTION