Definition, role of gases in our body, focus on Oxygen, CO2 Inorganic anesthetics: Definition, Nitrous oxide Respiratory Stimulant: Definition, Ammonia solution, spirit of ammonia Phr. Kabin Maleku

1. Gases & Vapors
Definition, role of gases in our body, focus on
Oxygen, CO2 Inorganic anesthetics: Definition,
Nitrous oxide Respiratory Stimulant: Definition,
Ammonia solution, spirit of ammonia
Phr. Kabin Maleku

2. Composition of the Air
• We breathe earth’s atmosphere composed of:
– Nitrogen (78%)
– Oxygen (21%)
– Carbon Dioxide (0.03%)
– Argon and trace gases (0.93%) • Neon, Xenon,
Krypton

3. • —Normal formless state of matter which at
room temperature and pressure has low
density/viscosity and readily and uniformly
distributes itself throughout any container
• Can be organic or inorganic Š
• Examples:

4. Role of gases
• Oxygen and
• Carbondioxide

5. Gas Exchange
• External respiration occurs as a function of
partial pressure differences in oxygen and
carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the
blood in the pulmonary capillaries.
• Internal respiration is gas exchange that
occurs at the level of body tissues . Similar to
external respiration, internal respiration also
occurs as simple diffusion due to a partial
pressure gradient.

10. Oxygen Transportation
• Oxygen is primarily transported through the
blood by erythrocytes. These cells contain a
metalloprotein called hemoglobin, which is
composed of four subunits with a ring-like
structure. Each subunit contains one atom of
iron bound to a molecule of heme. Heme
binds oxygen so that each hemoglobin
molecule can bind up to four oxygen
molecules

12. • Carbon dioxide is transported in blood by
three different mechanisms: as dissolved
carbon dioxide, as bicarbonate, or as
carbaminohemoglobin.

14. Oxygen
• Importance:
Used:
For Hypoxia and anoxia
Carbon monooxide poisoning

15. Medical oxygen
• Oxygen contains not less than 99.5% V/V of
oxygen.
• It is produced by a purification process
followed by a cryodistillation of the ambient
air.
• Assay: ≥ 99.5% V/V oxygen
• Impurities: CO (≤ 5 ppm V/V ) , CO2(≤ 300 ppm
V/V), H2O (≤ 67 ppm V/V)
• Analysis:

16. Medical oxygen
• Assay:
• Principle: Gasometric
• Apparatus: Nitrometer
• Absorbing Agents: NH4Cl, NH4OH
• Sample of O2 is passed to absorbing solution
• NMT 1% gas is left unabsorbed in tube

17. Storage
• Supports Combustion
• Store under container, well ventilated place
away from health and cold
• Keep in clean and dry place
• Away from combustible material

18. Carbon dioxide
• Carbon Dioxide contains not less than 99.5%
V/V of CO2.in gaseous phase.
• Infrared absorption spectrophotometry
• Assay: 99.5% V/V CO2
• Impurities:
• CO, NO/NO2 , Total Sulphur, Moisture
•