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Cs c n overview
1.
www.huawei.com Copyright © 2010
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Core-CS Network Overview
2.
Copyright © 2010
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page1 Content 1. WCDMA Core Network Overview 2. MSC pool network 3. AOIP and AOTDM
3.
Copyright © 2010
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 2 Release Evolution of WCDMA R4 R5 R99 Inherit all the services and functions of 2G ( GSM and GPRS ) CN is composed of CS domain and PS domain Adopt WCDMA UTRAN Iu interface between RAN and CN is based on ATM Inherit all the services and functions of R99 CS domain change: control is separated from bearer, the function of MSC can be fulfilled by MSC SERVER and MGW. Packet voice supported by CS domain, supporting ATM, IP, TDM bearer Inherit all the services and functions of R4 IM domain is adopted RAN evolved to IP Enhanced IP QoS ability , supporting end to end IP multimedia service 2000 2001 2002 function frozen time
4.
Copyright © 2010
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 3 R99 Network Architecture GSM /GPRS BSS BTS BSC NodeB RNC PCU UTRAN SCP SMS SCE PSTN ISDN Internet, Intranet MSC/VLR GMSC HLR/AUC SGSN CG BG GGSN GPRS骨干网/ Other PLMN SS7
5.
Copyright © 2010
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 4 SCP SMS-C GMLC/SMLC HLR/EIR CAP MAP MAP MAP SIGTRAN SS7 UTRAN BSS TDM MGW MGW RTP(AAL2)/AMR IP(ATM) BackBone IP network GSM/R99PLMN PSTN/ISDNVMSC Server RANAP BSSAP AAL2 H.248 MAP BICC GMSC Server TDM/G.711 TDM/G.711 R4 Network Architecture
6.
Copyright © 2010
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 5 R4 Core Network-Interface and Protocol (1) MGW Mc Mc Nb Nc MSC Server MGW GMSC Server /ISUP/TUP MTP3 MTP3B M3UA MTP2 SSCF/SSCOP SCTP MTP1 AAL5/ATM IP H.248 SCTP UDP MTP3B IP SSCF/SSCOP/AAL5 RTP AAL2 Voice UDP/IP ATM PCM
7.
Copyright © 2010
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 6 Bearer and Control Separated Control Layer Bearer Layer MSC H.248
8.
Copyright © 2010
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 7 Distributed Architecture-Flexible networking Traditional network Inter-working mode. The advantage of distributed networking: Traffic route is the best, network performance is the best. Mostly suitable for the operators with wide coverage. Distributed network inter-working mode.
9.
Copyright © 2010
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 8 GSM /GPRS BSS BTS BSC NodeB RNC PCU UTRAN SCP SMS SCE PSTN/PLMN Internet, Intranet HLR/AUC/HSS SGSN CG BG GGSN GPRS backbone MGW MGW VMSC Server GMSC Server IP/ATM BackboneCS domain PS domain Iu-CS Iu-PS IP backbone MRFP IMS domain MGW P-CSCF S-CSCF MGCF MRFC SS7 R5 Network Architecture
10.
Copyright © 2010
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page9 Content 1. WCDMA Core Network Overview 2. MSC pool network 3. AOIP and AOTDM
11.
Copyright © 2010
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page10 MSC Pool is a network scheme that adopts the Iu/A-Flex technology. In an MSC Pool network, one RNC/BSC can be connected to multiple MSCs that form an MSC resource pool to share the resources of the core network. What is MSC Pool? Iu-flex/A-flex RNC MSC 2MSC 1 RNC BSC BSC MSC 3 MSC Pool
12.
Copyright © 2010
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page11 MSC Pool Network Architecture Legacy network MSC Pool network In an MSC Pool network, one RNC/BSC can be connected to multiple MSCs. In this way, the MSCs in the MSC Pool as a whole provide services as a single MSC with a large capacity for the radio network side.
13.
Copyright © 2010
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page12 Advantages of the MSC Pool solution Improved resource utilization Enhance d network reliability Reduced signaling traffic What are the advantages of the MSC Pool solution? DHD JGDJ D J Better quality of service
14.
Copyright © 2010
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page13 Improved Resource Utilization The multiple MSCs in the MSC Pool share the load in the whole Pool area. This networking mode improves resource utilization in the core network and saves investment on equipment. Residential area Commercial area HLR BSC/RNC MGW Residential area Commercial area HLR BSC/RNC MGW 900 K Location update Only intra-MSC location update is required. Non-MSC Pool network MSC Pool network Total resource Occupied resource 800 K200 K Occupied resource Total resource 900 K200 K800 K Total resourceOccupied resource 600 K500 K Total resourceOccupied resource 600 K500 K Inter-MSC handover Inter-MSC handover is unnecessary.
15.
Copyright © 2010
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page14 Enhanced Network Reliability … MSC server Data can be backed up on multiple MSCs in the MSC Pool to implement disaster tolerance and improve network reliability.
16.
Copyright © 2010
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page15 Reduced Signaling Traffic and Better QoS MSC 2MSC 1 HLR BSS 1 BSS 2 BSS 3 No inter-MSC handover is required. The serving MSC is not changed when an MS/UE roams within the MSC Pool area. No inter-MSC location update is performed in the MSC Pool area, which reduces signaling traffic over the C/D interface. No inter-MSC handover is performed in the MSC Pool area, which improve the QoS.
17.
Copyright © 2010
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page16 Content 1. Overview 2. Basic Concepts 3. Principle
18.
Copyright © 2010
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page17 Content 2. Basic Concepts 2.1 MSC Pool and MSC Pool Area 2.2 Iu-Flex and A-Flex 2.3 NNSF 2.4 TMSI and NRI 2.5 Null-NRI and Non-broadcast LAI 2.6 CN-ID 2.7 Default MSC 2.8 Index of MSC in the MSC Pool 2.9 Virtual MGW
19.
Copyright © 2010
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page18 MSC Pool and MSC Pool Area MSC Pool: a group of MSCs sharing traffic in parallel. MSC Pool Area: the area served by an MSC Pool. If one or more RNCs/BSCs are connected to an MSC Pool, all the service areas of the RNCs/BSCs comprise an MSC Pool area, and all subscribers in the Pool area are served by the MSCs in parallel in the MSC Pool. Subscribers located in the MSC Pool area need not to change the serving core network node for roaming.
20.
Copyright © 2010
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page19 Iu-Flex and A-Flex Iu-Flex, short for intra-domain connection of RAN nodes to multiple CN nodes, enables one RNC to connect to multiple CN nodes in the same CS/PS domain. A-Flex enables one BSC to connect to multiple CN nodes in the same CS/PS domain. MSC 2MSC 1 CN-CS Iu-CS A RAN RNC RNC BSC BSC
21.
Copyright © 2010
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page20 NNSF NNSF : non-access stratum (NAS) node selection function. The NNSF enables the selection of a serving MSC from an MSC Pool for an MS. The entity that has the NNSF function is called an NNSF entity. The NNSF entity may be BSC/RNC and MGW. BSC/RNC MGW MSC server An NNSF entity can be the BSC, RNC, or MGW. Select a serving MSC for the MS/UE
22.
Copyright © 2010
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page21 TMSI and NRI A temporary mobile subscriber identifier (TMSI) is a temporary identifier that is assigned to an MS/UE when the MS/UE is registered with an MSC. The TMSI is used to increase the security of subscriber data. A network resource identifier (NRI) is used to identify an MSC serving a specific MS/UE. One NRI defines a unique MSC in an MSC Pool. An MSC in one MSC Pool can be assigned with more than one NRI. Each NRI must be unique in an individual MSC Pool and between neighboring MSC Pools. Otherwise, the NNSF entity cannot balance the load when routing traffic to the MSCs. 31 30 29 28 … 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 … 0 CS/PS VLR restart User ID range NRI range User ID range
23.
Copyright © 2010
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page22 Relationship Between NRI and User ID In an MSC Pool network, the total number of bits used for NRI and user ID is fixed. If the NRI is longer, the user ID becomes shorter. Consequently, the MSC/VLR serves less subscribers. If the user ID is longer, the NRI becomes shorter. In this case, less MSCs can be included in the MSC Pool. NRI Length Number of MSCs in the MSC Pool Number of Subscribers Served by the MSCs 5 25 = 32 2(29-5) = 16,777,216 6 26 = 64 2(29-6) = 8,388,608 7 27 = 128 2(29-7) = 4,194,304 8 28 = 256 2(29-8) = 2,097,152
24.
Copyright © 2010
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page23 Increasing the Utilization of A-Interface Circuits Example: Assume that there are 100 people in a company and 10 cars are exactly enough for use. The company is divided into 10 affiliate companies, each with 10 people and one car. In this case, people in some affiliate companies will always find that cars are always unavailable, whereas people in other affiliate companies may find that cars are always left unused. How to use the limited resources efficiently? BSC MSC server MGW Mc BSC MSC server MGW Mc
25.
Copyright © 2010
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page24 Facilitating Planning, Operation and Maintenance of A-Interface Circuits Capacity expansion of the MSC Pool All the TDM resources of the A- interface circuits must be planned again and redistributed after an MSC server is added to the MSC Pool. Operation and Maintenance of A- Interface Circuits in the MSC Pool Before performing the BLOCK CIRCUIT operation for A-interface circuits, check the MSC servers that manage the A-interface circuits. If these A-interface circuits are managed by different MSC servers, perform the BLOCK CIRCUIT operation on the different MSC servers. BSC MSC server 1 MGW MSC server 2 MSC server 3 MSC server 4
26.
Copyright © 2010
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page25 Ensuring Effective Utilization of A-Interface Circuits A-interface circuits are managed by the MSC servers. If the MSC server fails, the management becomes invalid. In this case, the A-interface circuits served by the faulty MSC server cannot be used again, even though the circuits are not faulty. The A- interface circuits are wasted. Managing A-interface circuits on the MGW can prevent such waste of A-interface circuits.BSC MSC server 1 MGW MSC server 2 MSC server 3 MSC server 4 BLOCK
27.
Copyright © 2010
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page26 Managing A-Interface Circuits on the MGW TDM circuits are shared between multiple virtual MGWs to prevent resource waste if an MSC server fails, and therefore increase the reuse ratio of A- interface circuits. Managing A-interface circuits on the MGW facilitates the operation and maintenance of the MSC Pool. A-interface circuits do not need to be redistributed after an MSC server is added to the MSC Pool. MSC server 1 MSC server 2 MSC server 3 BSC1 BSC2 BSC3 Shared A- interface circuits Shared A- interface circuits Shared A- interface circuits A-interface circuit management
28.
Copyright © 2010
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page27 Content 1. WCDMA Core Network Overview 2. MSC pool network 3. AOIP and AOTDM
29.
Copyright © 2010
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 28 Application Scenarios of the AoIP Feature — Background Information The A interface is an interface between the Base Station Controller (BSC) and the Core Network (CN). A-interface over IP (AoIP) refers to the adoption of the IP transmission mode over the A interface. After implementation of the AoIP feature, the BSC and the CN communicate with each other over IP on both the signaling plane and the user plane.
30.
Copyright © 2010
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 29 Application Scenarios of the AoIP Feature — Background Information In the 3GPP GERAN R7, the IP-based Signaling Transport (SIGTRAN) is added over the A interface on the basis of the existing TDM signaling transmission, as shown in the preceding figure. On the user plane, however, only the TDM transmission is used. In addition, the transcoder is located in the BSS. Only the PCM (G.711) codec is defined for the A interface over TDM (AoTDM). In the 3GPP GERAN R8, the IP transmission protocol is introduced to the A interface so that the low-cost intermediate IP network can be used for transmission on the user plane of the A interface. MSC-S MGW BSS A (IP or TDM) Mc/IP MSC-S MGW Mc/IP Nb Nc A/TDM A/TDM = Signalling = User plane A (IP or TDM) TRAU BSS TRAU = Transcoder
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Copyright © 2010
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 30 Application Scenarios of the AoIP Feature — Benefits The end-to-end Transcoder Free Operation (TrFO) is implemented for 2G calls, which is consistent with the TrFO implemented for 3G calls. Transmission resources are saved. The IP network adopts the statistical multiplexing technology. During network access, the bandwidth is allocated according to the requirements. The bandwidth allocation is not subject to limitations such as the granularity limitation of the TDM network. When a compressed codec is transmitted, the AoIP feature can effectively reduce the bandwidth usage and the Capital Expenditure (CAPEX). The maintenance cost is reduced. When IP transformation of the core network, A interface, and BSS is complete, various types of networks are maintained as a single type of network. This lowers the requirements on the technical capability of maintenance personnel and reduces the Operating Expenditure (OPEX). Beneficiary Description Carriers The AoIP feature reduces investment on the TC resources of BSCs, enables sharing of the IP bearer network, reduces the 2G maintenance costs, and saves transmission resources. It also facilitates deployment of the MSC Pool solution. Subscribers The AoIP feature helps implement the TrFO throughout the call process, improve the voice quality, and thus improve satisfaction of subscribers.
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Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 31 Chapter 2 Implementation Principles of the AoIP Feature 1.1 Comparison Between AoIP and AoTDM 1.2 Basic Call Scenario 1.3 Handover Scenario 1.4 Intra-BSC Handover Scenario 1.5 Data Service Scenario 1.6 Performance Measurement Contents
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Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Implementation Principles — Comparison Between AoIP and AoTDM Item AoTDM AoIP Signaling plane: applying for the termination at the access side through the Mc interface The MSC server sends a request to the MGW to apply for the TDM termination. The MSC server sends a request to the MGW to apply for the IP termination with the specified codec. It also obtains the IP address and port number of the termination. Signaling plane: sending the Assignment Request message through the interface at the access side The MSC server allocates and sends the CIC to the BSC. The MSC server sends the codec, IP address, and port number of the termination allocated by the MGW to the BSC. Signaling plane: receiving the Assignment Complete message through the interface at the access side The BSC directly selects a circuit based on the CIC. Therefore, the BSC sends the Assignment Complete message the MSC server, informing the MSC server that assignment is complete. The BSC allocates and sends the IP address and port number to the MSC server through the Assignment Complete message. Signaling plane: confirming the termination at the access side through the Mc interface This step is not required. The MSC server sends the IP address and port number allocated by the BSC to the MGW. The MGW then establishes the user plane between the MGW and the BSC. Signaling plane: intra-BSC handover The MSC need not take part in this step. The MSC must take part in this step. User plane: transcoder The transcoder is located on the BSC. The transcoder is located on the MGW. TFO and TrFO: speech codec Only the G.711 uncompressed codec is transferred. Compressed codecs, such as FR, EFR, HR, and AMR are transferred. This saves the bandwidth of the A interface. Data service codec When the bearer is being prepared, the MSC server does not send any codec, but sends a message that contains the information element PLMNBC. The MSC server sends the data service code. User experience The subscribers do not notice any difference between the AoTDM and the AoIP. They are not aware of whether the A interface is TDM or IP based.
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Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 33 1. The BSC sends a CM SERVICE REQUEST message to the MSC. This message contains the speech codecs supported by the BSC. 2. The UE sends a Setup message to the MSC. This message contains the speech codecs supported by the UE. 3. The MSC server sends an Add Req message to the MGW to establish an IP termination. 4. The MGW sends the allocated IP address, PayloadType, PTime, and ClockRate to the MSC server through the Add Reply message. 5. The MSC server sends an Assignment Request message to the BSC. 6. On receiving the Assignment Request message, the BSC selects a codec and allocates the IP address and port number used on the user plane. The BSC then sends an Assignment Complete message that contains the codec selected by the BSS and the codec list supported by the BSS. 7. The MSC server sends a Mod Req message to the MGW. Implementation Principles — Basic Call Scenario (MO Call) BSC MSC Server MGW CM Service Request Classmark Request Classmark Update CM Service Accept Setup Call Proceeding Add Req Add Reply Assignment Request Assignment Complete Mod Req Mod Reply Alert Mod Req Mod Reply Connect Mod Req Mod Reply Disconnect Release Release Complete Clear Command Cleare Complete Sub Req Sub Reply Establishment of the user plane is completed.
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Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 34 Implementation Principles — Basic Call Scenario (MO Call) The CM SERVICE REQUEST message contains the information element Speech Codec List (BSS Supported), indicating the bearer types and codec types supported by the BSC. Structure of the information element Speech Codec List Structure of the information element Speech Codec Element
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Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 35 Implementation Principles — Basic Call Scenario (MO Call) Current termination type AMR codec description The ADD REQ message contains the following information: Codec list used for the call Parameters of each codec, such as PayloadType, PTime, and ClockRate Rate indicators such as ACS/SCS if the multi-rate codec (such as 2G AMR) is used
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Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 36 Implementation Principles — Basic Call Scenario (MO Call) Through the Add Reply message, information such as the allocated IP address, PayloadType, PTime, and ClockRate are sent to the MSC server.
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Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 37 Implementation Principles — Basic Call Scenario (MO Call) The Assignment Request message contains the major information elements, such as the IP address, call identifier, and codec. Transport Layer Address Call Identifier Speech Codec List (MSC Preferred)
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Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 38 Implementation Principles — Basic Call Scenario (MO Call) The Assignment Complete message contains major information elements, such as the IP address of the BSC, selected codec, and supported codec (optional). Speech Codec Speech Codec List (BSS Supported)Transport Layer Address
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Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 39 Implementation Principles — Basic Call Scenario (MO Call) The MSC server sends a Mod Req message to the MGW. This message contains the IP address and port number of the BSC. If the MSC server requires modification of the codec type on the MGW, this message also contains the corresponding codec, Payloadtype, PTime, ClockRate, and ACS.
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Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 40 Implementation Principles — Handover Scenario During handover, the messages exchanged between the MSC server and the MGW are modified in the same way as those in the basic call scenario. The Handover Request and Handover Request Ack messages are modified in the similar way as the Assignment Request、Assignment Complete message. Note the following difference: In the basic call scenario, the MSC server can obtain the BSC bearer type through the CM Service Request and Paging Response messages. In the handover scenario, the MSC server can obtain the bearer type of the target BSC by querying the relevant table. Source BSC MSC Server MGW Handover Required Add Req Add Reply Mod Req Mod Reply Handover Complete Handover Request Handover Command Sub Req Sub Reply Target BSC Handover Request Ack
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Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 41 Implementation Principles — Handover Scenario Handover Request Handover Request ACK
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Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 42 Implementation Principles — Intra-MSC Handover Scenario The intra-BSC flow is added after the AoIP feature is implemented. Through frequent handovers, the general voice quality of the network can be improved. According to the 3GPP AoIP specifications, the BSSAP signaling supports sending of the information about the change in the codec if the codecs used before and after the handover are compatible with each other. The BSC sends the Handover Performed message containing the latest codec information to the MSC server only after the handover is complete. If the codecs used before and after the handover are not compatible with each other, the BSC sends a Handover Request message to the MSC server and the MSC server takes part in the intra-BSC handover. The MSC server sends the new IP address, port number, and codec information of the BSS to the MGW, instructing the MGW to use the information to establish a termination. In this way, the codec is modified. BSC MGW Add Req Add Reply Mod Req Mod Reply Sub Req Sub Reply Internal Handover Required Internal Handover Command Handover Complete Handover Detect MSC Server
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Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 43 Implementation Principles — Intra-MSC Handover Scenario Information elements in the Internal Handover Required message Information elements in the Internal Handover Command message
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Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 44 Implementation Principles — Data Service Scenario According to the definition in 3GPP 43903, rate adaptation is implemented by the BSC during the data service. The rate between the BSC and the UMG is fixed to 64 kbit/s. The packet time is 20 ms. The RTP is encapsulated in compliance with RFC4040. The UMG needs to convert the bearer type of the data. Only the PLMNBC and GSM channel coding need to be sent over the A interface. The UP packets are not sent over the A interface. Based on the PLMNBC and GSM channel coding , the UMG adds the IWF resource. Like the codec negotiation during the voice call, the data service also has a redundancy negotiation process. Assignment Request Assignment Complete
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