1] CONCEPT OF STRESS 2] MEASUREMENT OF STRESS 3] SIGNS OF STRESS 4] TYPES OF STRESSORS

1. NAME: ANSARI KAUSAR MOHD KHALID
ID NO: 7763
ROLL NO: 08
CLASS: MSC-I (2022-23)
SUBJECT: PAPER-4 (FRONTIERS IN ZOOLOGY)
DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY

2. INDEX
SR.NO TITLE
PAGE
NO
01 CONCEPT OF STRESS 01
02 MEASUREMENT OF STRESS 02
03 SIGNS OF STRESS 04
04 TYPES OF STRESSORS 06
05 REFERENCE 11

3. ➢ CONCEPT OF STRESS:
▪ DEFINATION: “Stress is the non-specific response of the body to any
demand”.
▪ The word stress was originally used by Hans Selye in 1956 to describe
the pressure experienced by a person in response to life demands. These
demands are referred to as stressors.
▪ Stress can be positive or negative.
▪ Stress is a complex phenomenon. It is very subjective experience.
▪ Stress is not always easy to recognize, but there are some ways to
identify some signs that you might be experiencing too much pressure.
▪ Sometimes even small daily stresses from work, school, family, and
friends can take a toll on your mind and body.
▪ Stress is part of our lives. It is not possible to live stress-free.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY AND NEUROBIOLOGY OF STRESS AND EMOTION 1

4. ➢ MEASUREMENT OF STRESS:
❑ Measurement of stress are broadly divided into two types:
→PHYSIOLOGY MEASURES :
• Physiology measures of stress can be measured physiologically by any
device which measures arousal.
• There are number of indexes of arousal.
• For e.g. Heart rates, GSR level (skin conductance), blood pressure,
respirate rates.
• These four indexes of arousal are measured by a Polygraph machine.
• Physiological measures of stress is that they are direct, highly reliable, and
easily quantified.
• Researchers using a miniature polygraph were able to find that ambulance
workers had higher blood pressure whilst at work compared with when
they were at home.
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5. ➢ MEASUREMENT OF STRESS:
→ SELF REPORT:
• The most widely used scale of life events has been the “social
readjustment rating scale” (SRRS) developed by Holmes and Rahe
(1967).
• Holmes and Rahe (1964) were the first to record the effects of life
events. From their work in hospitals, Holmes and Rahe noticed that
certain life events in their patients seemed to be associated with stress
and poor health (e.g. Heart disease). They claimed that the greater the
life change, the greater the stress and the more serious the illness.
• A list of 43 life events arranged in rank order from most to least
stressful event.
• To measure the amount of stress people have experienced subjects
check off each life event they have experienced during the past 24
months. The values of the check items are then total led to give the
stress score.
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6. ➢ SIGNS OF STRESS:
❖ Stress can affect all parts of your life, including your
emotions, behaviors, thinking ability, and physical health.
❖ Sign of Stress are mainly divided by four types, are as follow:
1. Emotional
2. Physical
3. Cognitive
4. Behavioral
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7. ➢ SIGNS OF STRESS:
1. EMOTIONAL:
▪ Fear
▪ Anger
▪ Nervousness
▪ Irritable
▪ Sadness
▪ Loneliness
▪ Hopelessness
▪ Moodiness
▪ Worry
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2. PHYSICAL:
▪ Feeling sick
▪ Rapid breathing
▪ Stomach ache
▪ Fast heartbeat
▪ Sweating
▪ Dizziness
▪ Headache
▪ Fatigue
3. COGNITIVE:
▪ Repetitive thoughts
▪ Confusion
▪ Indecisiveness
▪ Lack of concentration
▪ Loss of confidence
▪ Poor memory
4. BEHAVIOURAL:
▪ Lock of sleep
▪ Change in appetite
▪ Nervous habits
Increased smoking,
Drinking and/or
caffeine intake
▪ Avoiding situations

8. ➢ TYPES OF STRESSOR:
❖ DEFINATION: A Stressor is anything that causes physical, mental, emotional or social stress (puts a demand on the
body or mind).
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TYPES OF
STRESSOR
EXTERNAL
STRESSOR
INTERNAL
STRESSOR
OCCUPATIONAL
STRESSOR
SITUATIONAL
STRESSOR

9. ➢ EXTERNAL STRESSOR:
❖ DEFINATION: External stressors are sources of stress that we are aware of
around us, these can include traumas, life experiences or simply daily hassles.
EXAMPLES:
▪ Physical environment :- Noise, bright lights, heat, confined spaces
▪ Social(interaction with people) :- Rudeness, bossiness or aggressiveness on
the part of someone else.
▪ Organizational :- Rules, regulations, deadlines
▪ Daily hassles :- Misplacing keys, mechanical breakdowns.
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10. ➢ INTERNAL STRESSOR:
❖ DEFINATION: Internal stressors are the sources of stress that are inside us
and are often the most common sources of stress.
EXAMPLES:
▪ Lifestyle choices :- Not enough sleep, overloaded schedule.
▪ Negative self :- Talk, pessimistic thinking, self- criticism, over analyzing
▪ Mind traps :- Unrealistic expectations, taking things personally, exaggeration,
rigid thinking.
▪ Stressful personality traits Perfectionist, workaholic, pleaser.
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11. ➢ OCCUPATIONAL STRESSOR:
❖ DEFINATION: Occupational stress refers to the ongoing or progressing
stress an employee experiences due to the responsibilities, conditions,
environment, or other pressures of the workplace..
EXAMPLES:
▪ Having no participation in decisions that affect one's responsibilities
▪ Unreasonable demands for performance.
▪ Lack of job security.
▪ Working for long hours.
▪ Excessive time spent away from home and family.
▪ Office politics and conflicts between workers.
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12. ➢ SITUATIONAL STRESSOR:
❖ DEFINATION: Situational stress is a short-term form of stress
that occurs in certain temporary situations.
EXAMPLES:
▪ Death of a family member.
▪ Marriage or divorce.
▪ Birth of a child.
▪ New job.
▪ Illness.
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13. ➢ REFERENCE:
▪ Psychology of stress by Kimberly V. Ovington · 2005
▪ The everything stress management book by eve Adamson · 2001
▪ Http://www.Slideshare.Net/
▪ https://www.slideshare.net/vinodkumarpatil75/stress-and-its-management
▪ Signs of stress the social problems of psychiatric illness by Malcolm McColloch, Herschel A. Prinz · 2005
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14. THANK YOU ☺
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