Monografia, estudio de marcha con peso extra opensim

1. Biomechanics
Maria Alejandra Manjarres Triana
Laura Alejandra Neira Lagos
Victoria Garcia Terry
Karen Tatiana Bayona Puentes
May 2023
Effects of loads and
backpack on gait
kinematics

2. Introduction
It is known that the inappropriate use of these or the wrong disposition
of weight by load in the body can significantly affect the musculoskeletal
system, causing inadequate tension, overexertion and alterations in
gait; which as a whole and recurrence can lead to greater problems with
age and years.
1 2 3

3. Introduction
Hypothesis:
Increasing load on the
upper body alters
spatiotemporal parameters
and their variability in the
lower body joints, and
increased gait instability.
Data and
information
synchronization,
biomechanical
analysis.
Use of digital tools:
Open Sim - Matlab
Evaluation of
the state of
the art

4. Objectives
Specifics
- Identify if there are changes in the minimum and maximum angles of the
lower joints if the weight of a backpack on the upper body increases.
- To measure the spatio-temporal characteristics of the lower joints.
- To find out from what percentage of load in relation to body weight there
are differences in the kinematics of gait.
General
Find significant differences in the kinematics of the lower limbs as a function of the use of
different weights in a school bag on the upper limb.

5. Methodology
25-year-old
young woman
weight:
57.87kg
Height: 1.63 m
1. With backpack without weight
2. The back containing 11.23% of body
weight (6.5 kg)
3. The back containing 22.46% of body
weight (13 kg)
4. The back containing 27.64% of body
weight (16 kg)
3D motion capture system
Normal walking speed
2 gait cycles
23 reflective
marker

6. Methodology
1. Scale the musculoskeletal
model to adjust the dimensions
and proportions of the virtual
model
2. Inverse kinematics must be
performed to determine the joint
positions and orientations required
to achieve a specific configuration
of the musculoskeletal model

7. Methodology

8. Methodology
Data analysis for four cases and
obtain the graph of the gait cycle
Temporary
parameters
Spatial parameters Angular parameters
Mean stride and step
length
● Strike times
● Stride and step and Duration
● Stance and swing Duration
● Speed
Minimum and maximum
angle to calculate range
of motion (ROM)
Finger elevation
Heel
Step
Stride

9. Methodology
Parameter Hypothesis
Temporary
parameters
One of the temporary parameters that is expected to be affected is
the stride time, since several investigations have shown that this
decreases when the weight of the backpack is increased and has
an effect on the gait in general. Gait speed can also be affected as
it cannot be kept fast and efficient when there is a higher weight,
thus causing a slowdown.
Angular parameters It is expected that there will be an increase in the maximum angle
of the hip joint, because the additional weight in the backpack can
cause the trunk to lean forward to counteract the weight and
maintain balance.
Spatial parameters It is expected that there will be a decrease because the weight of
the backpack can affect the alignment of the body and the
distribution of the weight, which in turn can influence the length of
the steps to be able to maintain balance and adapt to the additional
weight, the steps may be shortened.

10. Results and discussion

11. Results and discussion

12. Results and discussion

13. Conclusions
- Stride time, stride length and speed are inversely proportional to the increase in
backpack weight.
- The ankle and knee have no appreciable changes that are related to the change in hip
angle or the increase in weight on the backpack.
- The maximum angle of the hip looks related to the increasing of weight.
- It seems that there is an appearance of asymmetry in the kinematics of the left and
right limb, however it is not possible to ensure that because the subject's first step is
not considered a natural gait.
- For a future project, it would be interesting to evaluate the flexion of the trunk when
the subjects are wearing the backpack.

14. Bibliography
.
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