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Expresiones
Algebraicas,
Factorizaciรณn y
Radicaciรณn
Juliette Mรฉndez
Yeiker Reinoso
Las expresiones algebraicas son
combinaciones de letras y nรบmeros que
estรกn conectados por sรญmbolos
aritmรฉticos: suma, resta, multiplicaciรณn,
divisiรณn y ponderaciรณn. Por ejemplo, las
expresiones algebraicas nos permiten
encontrar el รกrea y el volumen
๐‘Ž2 + ๐‘2 = ๐‘2
๐‘ฅ + ๐‘Ž ๐‘›
=
๐‘˜=0
๐‘›
๐‘›
๐‘˜
๐‘ฅ๐‘˜
๐‘Ž๐‘›โˆ’๐‘˜
1) Suma de expresiones algebraicas
1) P(x) = 5x+6
Q(x) = 7x+4
Resolvemos
P(x) + Q(x) = 5x+6 + 7x+4
= 5x+7x + 6+4
= 12x + 10
Ejercicios:
2) P(x) 3x + 5
Q(x) 2x + 7
Resolvemos
P(x) + Q(x) = 3x+5 + 2x+7
= 3x+2x + 5+7
= 5x + 12
Resta de expresiones algebraicas
1) P(x) = 5x + 6
Q(x) =7x + 4
Resolvemos
P(x) โ€“ Q(x) = 5x+6 โ€“ (7x+4)
= 5x+6 โ€“ 7x-4
= 5x-7x + 6-4
= -2x+2
2) P(x) = 6x+3
Q(x) = 3x+5
Resolvemos
P(x) โ€“ Q(x) = 6x+3 โ€“ (3x+5)
= 6x+3 โ€“ 3x-5
=6x-3x + 3-5
= -3x + 2
Valor numรฉrico de Expresiones Algebraicas
Hallar el valor numรฉrico de las siguientes
expresiones
a = 10 b = 12 c = 4
1) a + b โ€“ c 2) -5a โ€“ b
= 10 + 12 โ€“ 4 = -5.10 โ€“ 12
= 18 = -50 โ€“ 12
= -62
Multiplicaciรณn de expresiones algebraicas
1) 4๐‘ฅ2. 5๐‘ฅ
= 4.5 .๐‘ฅ2. ๐‘ฅ1
= 20๐‘ฅ2+1
=20๐‘ฅ3
2. 5๐‘ฅ2
. ๐‘ฆ3
. โˆ’2 ๐‘ฅ2
. ๐‘ฆ3
= 5. โˆ’2 ๐‘ฅ2
. ๐‘ฅ2
. ๐‘ฆ3
. ๐‘ฆ3
= โˆ’10. ๐‘ฅ4
. ๐‘ฆ6
Divisiรณn de Expresiones Algebraicas
Mรฉtodo de Ruffini
1) 4๐‘ฅ2 โˆ’ 5๐‘ฅ2 โˆ’ 7๐‘ฅ + 1 รท ๐‘ฅ + 1
4 -5 -7 1
-1 -4 9 -2
4 -9 2 -1
Cociente = 4๐‘ฅ2
โˆ’ 9๐‘ฅ + 2
2) 5๐‘ฅ3
โˆ’ 7๐‘ฅ โˆ’ 10 รท ๐‘ฅ โˆ’ 2
5๐‘ฅ2 โˆ’ 7๐‘ฅ โˆ’ 10 x โ€“ 3
-5๐‘ฅ2 + 10๐‘ฅ 5๐‘ฅ + 3
3๐‘ฅ โˆ’ 10
-3๐‘ฅ + 6
-4
=> 5๐‘ฅ2 โˆ’ 7๐‘ฅ โˆ’ 10 = ๐‘ฅ โˆ’ 2 . 5๐‘ฅ + 3 โˆ’ 4
Productos Notables de Expresiones Algebraicas
1) Suma de un binomio al cuadrado
(๐‘Ž + ๐‘)2= ๐‘Ž2 + ๐‘2 + 2. ๐‘Ž. ๐‘
(3x + 2๐‘ฆ)2 = (3๐‘ฅ)2 + (2๐‘ฆ)2 + 2.3๐‘ฅ. 2๐‘ฆ
= 9๐‘ฅ2 + 4๐‘ฆ2 + 12๐‘ฅ๐‘ฆ
2) Resta de un binomio al cuadrado
(๐‘Ž โˆ’ ๐‘)2 = ๐‘Ž2 + ๐‘2 โˆ’ 2. ๐‘Ž. ๐‘
(4๐‘ฅ โˆ’ 3๐‘ฆ)2
= (4๐‘ฅ)2
+ (3๐‘ฆ)2
โˆ’ 2.4๐‘ฅ. 3๐‘ฆ
=16๐‘ฅ2 + 9๐‘ฆ2 โˆ’ 24๐‘ฅ๐‘ฆ
Factorizaciรณn por Productos Notables
Caso por agrupaciรณn
1) ๐‘Ž๐‘ฅ โˆ’ 2๐‘๐‘ฅ + 2๐‘Ž๐‘ฆ โˆ’ 4๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘ฆ
= ๐‘Ž๐‘ฅ โˆ’ 2๐‘๐‘ฅ + (2๐‘Ž๐‘ฆ โˆ’ 4๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘ฆ)
= ๐‘ฅ ๐‘Ž โˆ’ 2๐‘ + 2๐‘ฆ ๐‘Ž โˆ’ 2๐‘
= ๐‘Ž โˆ’ 2๐‘ (๐‘ฅ + 2๐‘ฆ)
Caso por Factor comun
2. 15๐‘š2+
5๐‘š2
= 5๐‘š2
(3๐‘š + 1)
15๐‘š3
5๐‘š2 = 3๐‘š
5๐‘š2
5๐‘š2 = 1
Bibliografรญa
๏‚— Matematicasonline
๏‚— Aurelio Baldor: Algebra
๏‚— www.Superprofe.es
๏‚— Lifeder.comejercicios

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Essential Guide to Algebraic Expressions, Factorization and Radication

  • 2. Las expresiones algebraicas son combinaciones de letras y nรบmeros que estรกn conectados por sรญmbolos aritmรฉticos: suma, resta, multiplicaciรณn, divisiรณn y ponderaciรณn. Por ejemplo, las expresiones algebraicas nos permiten encontrar el รกrea y el volumen ๐‘Ž2 + ๐‘2 = ๐‘2 ๐‘ฅ + ๐‘Ž ๐‘› = ๐‘˜=0 ๐‘› ๐‘› ๐‘˜ ๐‘ฅ๐‘˜ ๐‘Ž๐‘›โˆ’๐‘˜
  • 3. 1) Suma de expresiones algebraicas 1) P(x) = 5x+6 Q(x) = 7x+4 Resolvemos P(x) + Q(x) = 5x+6 + 7x+4 = 5x+7x + 6+4 = 12x + 10 Ejercicios:
  • 4. 2) P(x) 3x + 5 Q(x) 2x + 7 Resolvemos P(x) + Q(x) = 3x+5 + 2x+7 = 3x+2x + 5+7 = 5x + 12
  • 5. Resta de expresiones algebraicas 1) P(x) = 5x + 6 Q(x) =7x + 4 Resolvemos P(x) โ€“ Q(x) = 5x+6 โ€“ (7x+4) = 5x+6 โ€“ 7x-4 = 5x-7x + 6-4 = -2x+2
  • 6. 2) P(x) = 6x+3 Q(x) = 3x+5 Resolvemos P(x) โ€“ Q(x) = 6x+3 โ€“ (3x+5) = 6x+3 โ€“ 3x-5 =6x-3x + 3-5 = -3x + 2
  • 7. Valor numรฉrico de Expresiones Algebraicas Hallar el valor numรฉrico de las siguientes expresiones a = 10 b = 12 c = 4 1) a + b โ€“ c 2) -5a โ€“ b = 10 + 12 โ€“ 4 = -5.10 โ€“ 12 = 18 = -50 โ€“ 12 = -62
  • 8. Multiplicaciรณn de expresiones algebraicas 1) 4๐‘ฅ2. 5๐‘ฅ = 4.5 .๐‘ฅ2. ๐‘ฅ1 = 20๐‘ฅ2+1 =20๐‘ฅ3 2. 5๐‘ฅ2 . ๐‘ฆ3 . โˆ’2 ๐‘ฅ2 . ๐‘ฆ3 = 5. โˆ’2 ๐‘ฅ2 . ๐‘ฅ2 . ๐‘ฆ3 . ๐‘ฆ3 = โˆ’10. ๐‘ฅ4 . ๐‘ฆ6
  • 9. Divisiรณn de Expresiones Algebraicas Mรฉtodo de Ruffini 1) 4๐‘ฅ2 โˆ’ 5๐‘ฅ2 โˆ’ 7๐‘ฅ + 1 รท ๐‘ฅ + 1 4 -5 -7 1 -1 -4 9 -2 4 -9 2 -1 Cociente = 4๐‘ฅ2 โˆ’ 9๐‘ฅ + 2
  • 10. 2) 5๐‘ฅ3 โˆ’ 7๐‘ฅ โˆ’ 10 รท ๐‘ฅ โˆ’ 2 5๐‘ฅ2 โˆ’ 7๐‘ฅ โˆ’ 10 x โ€“ 3 -5๐‘ฅ2 + 10๐‘ฅ 5๐‘ฅ + 3 3๐‘ฅ โˆ’ 10 -3๐‘ฅ + 6 -4 => 5๐‘ฅ2 โˆ’ 7๐‘ฅ โˆ’ 10 = ๐‘ฅ โˆ’ 2 . 5๐‘ฅ + 3 โˆ’ 4
  • 11. Productos Notables de Expresiones Algebraicas 1) Suma de un binomio al cuadrado (๐‘Ž + ๐‘)2= ๐‘Ž2 + ๐‘2 + 2. ๐‘Ž. ๐‘ (3x + 2๐‘ฆ)2 = (3๐‘ฅ)2 + (2๐‘ฆ)2 + 2.3๐‘ฅ. 2๐‘ฆ = 9๐‘ฅ2 + 4๐‘ฆ2 + 12๐‘ฅ๐‘ฆ 2) Resta de un binomio al cuadrado (๐‘Ž โˆ’ ๐‘)2 = ๐‘Ž2 + ๐‘2 โˆ’ 2. ๐‘Ž. ๐‘ (4๐‘ฅ โˆ’ 3๐‘ฆ)2 = (4๐‘ฅ)2 + (3๐‘ฆ)2 โˆ’ 2.4๐‘ฅ. 3๐‘ฆ =16๐‘ฅ2 + 9๐‘ฆ2 โˆ’ 24๐‘ฅ๐‘ฆ
  • 12. Factorizaciรณn por Productos Notables Caso por agrupaciรณn 1) ๐‘Ž๐‘ฅ โˆ’ 2๐‘๐‘ฅ + 2๐‘Ž๐‘ฆ โˆ’ 4๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘ฆ = ๐‘Ž๐‘ฅ โˆ’ 2๐‘๐‘ฅ + (2๐‘Ž๐‘ฆ โˆ’ 4๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘ฆ) = ๐‘ฅ ๐‘Ž โˆ’ 2๐‘ + 2๐‘ฆ ๐‘Ž โˆ’ 2๐‘ = ๐‘Ž โˆ’ 2๐‘ (๐‘ฅ + 2๐‘ฆ) Caso por Factor comun 2. 15๐‘š2+ 5๐‘š2 = 5๐‘š2 (3๐‘š + 1) 15๐‘š3 5๐‘š2 = 3๐‘š 5๐‘š2 5๐‘š2 = 1
  • 13. Bibliografรญa ๏‚— Matematicasonline ๏‚— Aurelio Baldor: Algebra ๏‚— www.Superprofe.es ๏‚— Lifeder.comejercicios