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MATEMÁTICA
Función Exponencial
f(x)= ax−b + c
FUNCIÓN EXPONENCIAL
Una función f: ℝ ⟶ ℝ+ es una función exponencial definida por: f(x)=ax, con a ∈ ℝ+ y a > 0, a ≠ 1
Algunas propiedades de la función f(x)=ax, con a ∈ ℝ+- {1}, es decir, a > 0, a ≠ 1.
 Su dominio es el conjunto de todos los números reales, es decir, Dom (f) = ℝ
 Su recorrido es el conjunto de todos los números reales positivos, es decir, Rec (f) = ℝ+ o también ]0, +∞[
 La función es continua en ℝ
 f(0) = 1, por lo tanto la curva asociada a la función intersecta con el eje Y en el punto (0, 1) y no se intersecta
con el eje X.
 Si f(x)=f(y), entonces x = y, es decir, si ax=ay, entonces x = y
 f(x) ∙ f(y) = f(x+y)
Dom(f)= ℝ Rec(f)= ]c, +∞[
FUNCIÓN EXPONENCIAL
Si se define f(x)= ax−b + c, a ∈ ℝ+ - {1} y b, c ∈ ℝ se tiene que:
Dominio y Recorrido
Si a > 1, entonces la función es creciente. Mientras que si 0 < a < 1, entonces la función es decreciente.
a > 1, con f(x) =2x
2
0 < a < 1, con f(x) = 1 x
CRECIENTE
DECRECIENTE
EJERCICIO RESUELTO
f(x)= ax−b + c
Dominio y Recorrido
Dom(f)= ℝ
Rec(f)= ]c, +∞[
a > 1, CRECIENTE
0 < a < 1, DECRECIENTE
Sea f(x)= 4x - 2,
Analice si es una función creciente o decreciente, determine el Dom(f) y Rec(f)
 f(x)= 4x - 2
a = 4, es decir, a > 0 por lo tanto, la función f(x) es creciente
 Dom(f)= ℝ
 Rec(f)= ]c, +∞[
c= -2, entonces ]−
2, +∞[
RECORDATORIO
INTERSECCIÓN EJES X e Y
 La intersección con el eje X es el punto para
el cual Y = 0, obteniendo el punto (X, 0)
 La intersección con el eje Y es el punto para el
cual X = 0, obteniendo el punto (0, Y)
 Intersección Eje X
1
(2, 0)
 Intersección Eje Y
(0, -1)
EJERCICIO RESUELTO Sea f(x)= 4x - 2
REFLEXIONES
-f(x) es el reflejo de f(x) respecto del eje X
Ejemplo: f(x)= - 2x
Dada la función f(x)
f(-x) es el reflejo de f(x) respecto del eje Y
Ejemplo: f(x)= 2−x
Obs: Cuando “x” es negativa se refleja respecto a Y
Obs: Cuando “a” es negativa se refleja respecto a X
TRASLACIONES
Sea f(x)= ax−b + c, con a ∈ ℝ+- {1} y b, c ∈ ℝ tenemos la traslación:
HORIZONTAL
•Si b > 0, f(x) se desplaza b unidades hacia la izquierda.
Ejemplo: f(x)= 2x+3
•Si b < 0, f(x) se desplaza b unidades hacia la derecha.
Ejemplo: f(x)= 2x−3
VERTICAL
•Si c > 0, f(x) se desplaza b unidades hacia arriba.
Ejemplo: f(x)= 2x + 3
•Si c < 0, f(x) se desplaza b unidades hacia abajo.
Ejemplo: f(x)=2x - 3
CONSTRUCCIÓN FUNCIÓN EXPONENCIAL
Ejemplo: f(x)=2x+1 - 2
EJERCICIO RESUELTO
Sea f(x)= -
𝟏
𝟐
−(x+1)
+ 2. Determine la gráfica de la función a partir de la función original
Analizando la función
 “a” se encuentra 0 < a < 1 por lo tanto, es decreciente.
 “a” es negativo, por lo tanto, se refleja respecto al eje X
 “x” es negativo, por lo tanto, se refleja respecto al eje Y
 c > 0, por lo tanto, se traslada verticalmente 2 unidades hacia arriba.
 b < 0, por lo tanto, se traslada horizontalmente 1 unidad hacia la izquierda
 Función original
decreciente.
 Reflexión respecto a X  Reflexión respecto a Y  Traslación vertical 2
unidades hacia arriba
 Traslación horizontal 1
unidad hacia izquierda
3ro medio-a-b-matematica-ppt-n°2-funcion-exponencial-02-al-06-de-noviembre (1)
3ro medio-a-b-matematica-ppt-n°2-funcion-exponencial-02-al-06-de-noviembre (1)
3ro medio-a-b-matematica-ppt-n°2-funcion-exponencial-02-al-06-de-noviembre (1)
3ro medio-a-b-matematica-ppt-n°2-funcion-exponencial-02-al-06-de-noviembre (1)
3ro medio-a-b-matematica-ppt-n°2-funcion-exponencial-02-al-06-de-noviembre (1)
3ro medio-a-b-matematica-ppt-n°2-funcion-exponencial-02-al-06-de-noviembre (1)
3ro medio-a-b-matematica-ppt-n°2-funcion-exponencial-02-al-06-de-noviembre (1)
3ro medio-a-b-matematica-ppt-n°2-funcion-exponencial-02-al-06-de-noviembre (1)
3ro medio-a-b-matematica-ppt-n°2-funcion-exponencial-02-al-06-de-noviembre (1)
3ro medio-a-b-matematica-ppt-n°2-funcion-exponencial-02-al-06-de-noviembre (1)

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3ro medio-a-b-matematica-ppt-n°2-funcion-exponencial-02-al-06-de-noviembre (1)

  • 2.
  • 3. FUNCIÓN EXPONENCIAL Una función f: ℝ ⟶ ℝ+ es una función exponencial definida por: f(x)=ax, con a ∈ ℝ+ y a > 0, a ≠ 1 Algunas propiedades de la función f(x)=ax, con a ∈ ℝ+- {1}, es decir, a > 0, a ≠ 1.  Su dominio es el conjunto de todos los números reales, es decir, Dom (f) = ℝ  Su recorrido es el conjunto de todos los números reales positivos, es decir, Rec (f) = ℝ+ o también ]0, +∞[  La función es continua en ℝ  f(0) = 1, por lo tanto la curva asociada a la función intersecta con el eje Y en el punto (0, 1) y no se intersecta con el eje X.  Si f(x)=f(y), entonces x = y, es decir, si ax=ay, entonces x = y  f(x) ∙ f(y) = f(x+y)
  • 4.
  • 5. Dom(f)= ℝ Rec(f)= ]c, +∞[ FUNCIÓN EXPONENCIAL Si se define f(x)= ax−b + c, a ∈ ℝ+ - {1} y b, c ∈ ℝ se tiene que: Dominio y Recorrido Si a > 1, entonces la función es creciente. Mientras que si 0 < a < 1, entonces la función es decreciente. a > 1, con f(x) =2x 2 0 < a < 1, con f(x) = 1 x CRECIENTE DECRECIENTE
  • 6. EJERCICIO RESUELTO f(x)= ax−b + c Dominio y Recorrido Dom(f)= ℝ Rec(f)= ]c, +∞[ a > 1, CRECIENTE 0 < a < 1, DECRECIENTE Sea f(x)= 4x - 2, Analice si es una función creciente o decreciente, determine el Dom(f) y Rec(f)  f(x)= 4x - 2 a = 4, es decir, a > 0 por lo tanto, la función f(x) es creciente  Dom(f)= ℝ  Rec(f)= ]c, +∞[ c= -2, entonces ]− 2, +∞[ RECORDATORIO
  • 7. INTERSECCIÓN EJES X e Y  La intersección con el eje X es el punto para el cual Y = 0, obteniendo el punto (X, 0)  La intersección con el eje Y es el punto para el cual X = 0, obteniendo el punto (0, Y)  Intersección Eje X 1 (2, 0)  Intersección Eje Y (0, -1) EJERCICIO RESUELTO Sea f(x)= 4x - 2
  • 8. REFLEXIONES -f(x) es el reflejo de f(x) respecto del eje X Ejemplo: f(x)= - 2x Dada la función f(x) f(-x) es el reflejo de f(x) respecto del eje Y Ejemplo: f(x)= 2−x Obs: Cuando “x” es negativa se refleja respecto a Y Obs: Cuando “a” es negativa se refleja respecto a X
  • 9. TRASLACIONES Sea f(x)= ax−b + c, con a ∈ ℝ+- {1} y b, c ∈ ℝ tenemos la traslación: HORIZONTAL •Si b > 0, f(x) se desplaza b unidades hacia la izquierda. Ejemplo: f(x)= 2x+3 •Si b < 0, f(x) se desplaza b unidades hacia la derecha. Ejemplo: f(x)= 2x−3 VERTICAL •Si c > 0, f(x) se desplaza b unidades hacia arriba. Ejemplo: f(x)= 2x + 3 •Si c < 0, f(x) se desplaza b unidades hacia abajo. Ejemplo: f(x)=2x - 3
  • 11. EJERCICIO RESUELTO Sea f(x)= - 𝟏 𝟐 −(x+1) + 2. Determine la gráfica de la función a partir de la función original Analizando la función  “a” se encuentra 0 < a < 1 por lo tanto, es decreciente.  “a” es negativo, por lo tanto, se refleja respecto al eje X  “x” es negativo, por lo tanto, se refleja respecto al eje Y  c > 0, por lo tanto, se traslada verticalmente 2 unidades hacia arriba.  b < 0, por lo tanto, se traslada horizontalmente 1 unidad hacia la izquierda  Función original decreciente.  Reflexión respecto a X  Reflexión respecto a Y  Traslación vertical 2 unidades hacia arriba  Traslación horizontal 1 unidad hacia izquierda