concept about the review of literature.

1. Literature ReviewLiterature Review
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4. What is Literature Review?What is Literature Review?
 A literature review provides in-depthA literature review provides in-depth
understanding and explanation on how yourunderstanding and explanation on how your
findings are similar to or novel from previousfindings are similar to or novel from previous
research work..research work..
 A literature review can be just a simpleA literature review can be just a simple
summary of the sources, but it usually has ansummary of the sources, but it usually has an
organizational pattern and combines bothorganizational pattern and combines both
summary and synthesis.summary and synthesis.
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5. What is Literature Review?What is Literature Review?
A literature review is the effectiveA literature review is the effective
evaluation of selected documents on aevaluation of selected documents on a
research topic.research topic.
In the context of a research paper orIn the context of a research paper or
thesis the literature review is a criticalthesis the literature review is a critical
synthesis of previous research.synthesis of previous research.
The evaluation of the literature leadsThe evaluation of the literature leads
logically to the research question.logically to the research question.
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6. FUNCTIONS OF LITERATUREFUNCTIONS OF LITERATURE
REVIEWREVIEW
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7. SEVEN STEPS MODEL OF LITERATURE REVIEWSEVEN STEPS MODEL OF LITERATURE REVIEW
 Step1Step1: Identifying Research question: Identifying Research question
 Step2Step2: Reviewing discipline styles: Reviewing discipline styles
 Step3Step3: Searching the literature: Searching the literature
 Step4Step4: Managing reference and avoiding Plagiarism: Managing reference and avoiding Plagiarism
 Step5Step5:Critically analyzing and evaluating the information:Critically analyzing and evaluating the information
 Step6Step6: Synthesizing the findings: Synthesizing the findings
 Step7Step7: Write the Review: Write the Review 77

8. A Good Literature Review is:A Good Literature Review is:
 FocusedFocused - The topic should be narrow. You should only present ideas and- The topic should be narrow. You should only present ideas and
only report on studies that are closely related to topic.only report on studies that are closely related to topic.
 ConciseConcise - Ideas should be presented economically. Don’t take any more- Ideas should be presented economically. Don’t take any more
space than you need to present your ideas.space than you need to present your ideas.
 LogicalLogical - The flow within and among paragraphs should be a smooth,- The flow within and among paragraphs should be a smooth,
logical progression from one idea to the nextlogical progression from one idea to the next
 DevelopedDeveloped - Don’t leave the story half told.- Don’t leave the story half told.
 IntegrativeIntegrative - Your paper should stress how the ideas in the studies are- Your paper should stress how the ideas in the studies are
related. How are some studies different than others?related. How are some studies different than others?
 CurrentCurrent - Your review should focus on work being done on the cutting- Your review should focus on work being done on the cutting
edge of your topic.edge of your topic.
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9. General Guidelines toGeneral Guidelines to
Writing a Literature ReviewWriting a Literature Review
 Introduce the literature review by pointingIntroduce the literature review by pointing
out the major research topic that will beout the major research topic that will be
discusseddiscussed
 Identify the broad problem area but don’t beIdentify the broad problem area but don’t be
too globaltoo global (for example, discussing the history of(for example, discussing the history of
education when the topic is on specific instructional strategy)education when the topic is on specific instructional strategy)
 Discuss the general importance of your topicDiscuss the general importance of your topic
for those in your fieldfor those in your field
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10. General Guidelines toGeneral Guidelines to
Writing a Literature ReviewWriting a Literature Review
 Don’t attempt to cover everything written onDon’t attempt to cover everything written on
your topicyour topic
 You will need to pick out the research mostYou will need to pick out the research most
relevant to the topic you are studyingrelevant to the topic you are studying
 You will need to plan how you will structureYou will need to plan how you will structure
your literature review and write from thisyour literature review and write from this
plan.plan.
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11. Organizing Your Literature ReviewOrganizing Your Literature Review
 Topical OrderTopical Order — organize by main topics or— organize by main topics or
issues; emphasize the relationship of theissues; emphasize the relationship of the
issues to the main “problem”issues to the main “problem”
 Chronological OrderChronological Order —organize the—organize the
literature by the dates the research wasliterature by the dates the research was
publishedpublished
 Problem-Cause-Solution OrderProblem-Cause-Solution Order —Organize—Organize
the review so that it moves from thethe review so that it moves from the
problem to the solutionproblem to the solution
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12. Organization of Literature ReviewOrganization of Literature Review
 General-to-Specific OrderGeneral-to-Specific Order —(—(Also called theAlso called the
funnel approachfunnel approach) Examine broad-based) Examine broad-based
research first and then focus on specificresearch first and then focus on specific
studies that relate to the topicstudies that relate to the topic
 --Broader topicsBroader topics
 --Sub TopicSub Topic

--Studies like yoursStudies like yours
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13.  After reviewing the literature, summarizeAfter reviewing the literature, summarize
what has been done, what has not beenwhat has been done, what has not been
done, and what needs to be donedone, and what needs to be done
 Then pose a formal research question orThen pose a formal research question or
state a hypothesis—be sure this is clearlystate a hypothesis—be sure this is clearly
linked to your literature reviewlinked to your literature review
Literature ReviewLiterature Review
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14. COMMON WEAKNESSESCOMMON WEAKNESSES
 The review made is a mere description of variousThe review made is a mere description of various
materials without making an effort to show the relationmaterials without making an effort to show the relation
between the studies and main objective of the researchbetween the studies and main objective of the research
topictopic
 Trend to cut and paste, which SHOULD NOT beTrend to cut and paste, which SHOULD NOT be
encouraged. Original works should be cited and quotedencouraged. Original works should be cited and quoted
 Journals or reports that are included are not criticallyJournals or reports that are included are not critically
evaluated. Critically evaluate the research questions,evaluated. Critically evaluate the research questions,
the methodology used and recommendations made bythe methodology used and recommendations made by
the researcherthe researcher
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15. Summary
Summary
Literature reviewLiterature review shows what has been done in theshows what has been done in the
research field and how the intended study relatesresearch field and how the intended study relates
to earlier research.to earlier research.
Literature review consists of research findings as wellLiterature review consists of research findings as well
as propositions and opinions of researchers in theas propositions and opinions of researchers in the
field.field.
Literature reviewLiterature review delimits the study, relates thedelimits the study, relates the
methods used by other researchers,methods used by other researchers,
recommendations of earlier works and providesrecommendations of earlier works and provides
the basis for the intended research task.the basis for the intended research task.
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