2. 2/13/2023
PRESENTATION TITLE 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. DEFINITION AND BASICS OF PERSONALITY
2. NATURE OF PERSONALITY
3. THEORIES OF PERSONALITY
4. ACTIVITY
6. CARL ROGERS
Believed in the inherent goodness
of people.
Emphasized the importance of
free will and psychological growth
Suggested that the actualizing
tendency is the driving force
behind human behavior
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7. CARL ROGERS
Human beings are always striving for self-
fulfillment or self-actualization.
When the needs of the self are denied,
severe anxiety may result.
Proposed the self-concept
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8. SELF CONCEPT
8
• Refers to the image of oneself.
• Defined the self as flexible and
changing perception of personal
identity.
• Self develops from interactions with
significant people and self-awareness.
12. Abraham Maslow suggested that
people are motivated by a hierarchy
of needs.
Maslow’s hierarchy is most often
displayed as a pyramid.
The lowest levels of the pyramid are
made up of the most basic needs,
while the most complex needs are at
the top of the pyramid.
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17. ALBERT BANDURA
Stanford University Psychologist
Views people as agents (originators) of
experience not just reactive.
Suggests that human have the ability
to act and make things happen.
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PRESENTATION TITLE 17
20. ALBERT BANDURA
Emphasized the importance of social
learning, or learning through
observation.
His theory emphasized the role of
conscious thoughts including self-
efficacy, or our own beliefs in our
abilities.
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26. GORDON ALLPORT
One of the first to categorize these
characteristics
Created a list of more than 4,000
personality traits
Grouped these traits into three
different categories
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PRESENTATION TITLE 26
36. EXCITATION VS INHIBITION
EXCITATION- the brain waking itself
up, getting into an alert, learning
state.
INHIBITION- the brain calming itself
down, either in the usual sense of
relaxing and going to sleep
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PRESENTATION TITLE 36
In our lesson for today we will focus on second theory humanistic perspective.
Our first psychologist in humanistic perspective is carlo rogers he propose the self theory .
Carl Ransom Rogers was an American psychologist and among the founders of the humanistic approach in psychology.
Read 1st statement…….. According kay carl rogers lahat ng tao daw ay mabait.
Read 1st and 2nd ……..Kapag may gusto ka tapos di mo siya makuha ang result niyan ay magkaka anxiety attack ka . ……read 3rd …. So ano nga ba ang self concept.
And it makes sense if you think kasi yung sense of self natin kapag napapansin ng ibang tao doon lang natin nalalaman yung totoong tayo … ah ganun pala ako.
Self image – how to see your self paano mo ba vinavalue yung sarili mo how do you see yourself. ….. Self explanatory….
Self esteem- how much you value your self so ano ba yung mga factors na makakaapekto sa sarili natin sa self esteem mo. Including how we compare our self to others and how others response to us kung paano sila nagrereact sa atin when people response to us and we develop pwedeng positive pwedeng negative… self explanatory….
Ideal self- ito yung gusto natin sa sarili natin how you wish you could be ano ba talaga yung gusto mo 5 to 10 years from now so yung ideal self natin is that’s affect our ideal self and your personality.
So if you think about it tama nga naman na kung kalian tanggap mo na yung sarili mo kung alam mo na yung strengths and weaknesses mo then doon ka lang magbabago kasi nga we know our strength we know our weaknesses and then therefore kaya mo na iaddress yung mga weaknesses mo at kaya mo pang ifurther strengthen yung strength mo .
Abraham Harold Maslow was an American psychologist who was best known for creating Maslow's hierarchy of needs, a theory of psychological health predicated on fulfilling innate human needs in priority, culminating in self-actualization.
Self explanatory…
So kasi nga you cannot proceed to the next level of the hierarchy of needs unless mameet mo na yung needs mo sa lower level at kapag nagkaproblem ka sa lower level di ka makakausad sa self actualization.
So today we will focus our discussion in social cognitive perspective and trait perspective.
We focus on 1 psychologist si Albert Bandura OC was a Canadian-American psychologist who was the David Starr Jordan Professor in Psychology at Stanford University.(1995-2021). Read quotes… kung nasaan man tayo ngayon ito yung mga produkto kung ano yung mga ginawa natin dati.
1st 2nd read…. Hindi lang tayo basta basta nagrereact sa experience but we are the originators of experience. Bakit niya yun nasabi ni bandura as humans or tayo bilang tao may kakayanan tayo to act and make things happen and to support his scheme he propused the four agentic perspective .
Intentionality- enables us to behave with purpose. So ibig sabihin lahat ng ginagawa natin may dahilan. So hindi mo naman gagawin yung isang bagay kung wala kang purpose eh . Example nag aral ka last night kasi may quiz or exam ka. Nagwowork ka para saan para mabuhay mo ang pamilya mo or para makatulong ka sa parents mo. So everything we do is we have a purpose.
Forethought- it allows us to anticipate outcomes. We as human are capable on anticipating outcomes. Meaning manghuhula tayo pero meron na tayoung nakikitang kalalabasan ng mga gagawin natin give example…
Self reactiveness- we can be motivated to regulate our actions. Example napansin mo you are gaining weight tumataba ka na so you’ve react to your self so you react by regulating your actions paano? So ngayon dahil napansin mong tumataba ka na magdadiet ka . Or you eat healthy diet or mag eexercise ka pupunta ka ng gym so dahil doon mamomotivate ka gagawan mo ng action na magpapayat ka.
Self reflectiveness- we can reflect our thoughts and behaviors and make needed modifications. Means we can capable to reflecting in our actions for example magrereflect ka sa sarili mo kung tama ba yung ginawa mo or kung okay lang ba give more example…. Acter reflection you can much do modification tapos yung ginawa mo na hindi maganda dati is hindi mo na siya uulitin. Or magsosorry ka na lang.
So ito yung 4 steps para matuto tayo through observation . Read…..
Attention: An observer pays attention to particular social behaviors. Their ability to pay attention depends on their accessibility to what is being observed, the relevance of the behaviors, the complexity of the behaviors, the perceived value of the behaviors, and the observer’s own cognitive abilities and preconceptions.
Give example…
Retention: An observer retains the sequence of behaviors and consequences, which they can retrieve for future imitations of the behaviors.
Give example…
Production: An observer repeats the behavior in a different social context and receives feedback from other observers, which they can use to adjust how they perform the behaviors in future contexts.
Give example….
Motivation: An observer is motivated to repeat the behaviors based on the social responses and consequences they receive when they imitate a behavior
Give example….
Meaning yung paniniwala mo sa sarili mo hindi naman nakakahulugan na it eventually to success syempre marami pang other factor kang mapagdadaanan na dapat nating iconsider pero pag wala kang tiwala or hindi ka naniniwala sa sarili mo syempre babagsak ka jan you assuredly failure kasi pag wala kang tiwala sa sarili mo hindi mo maibibigay lahat ng best mo ng kaya mo sa isang bagay.
The trait theory of personality explains that people vary from each other according to the strength of their primary trait dimensions. The trait perspective of personality considers an personality of an individual and the number of traits they have. An example of a trait perspective would be an extroverted person who seeks gratification from human interaction.
Gordon Willard Allport was an American psychologist. Allport was one of the first psychologists to focus on the study of the personality, and is often referred to as one of the founding figures of personality psychology.
Sabi niya…. It is the same to weaknesses so kapag narecognize natin yung mga kahinaan natin we eliminate them.
Read 1st 2nd ….actually dalawa sila jan si Gordon Allport and Henry Odbert put forward 18000 words that described people. This list was extensively long and was reduced to 4500 words by Allport.
CARDINAL- A Cardinal Trait is a trait that defines and dominates one's personality and behavior. For example, Oprah Winfrey's cardinal trait could be sociability. She is sometimes called the "queen of talk" because of her extraordinary ability to talk to different kinds of people. Cardinal traits: Rare, but strongly deterministic of behavior.
Examples of this include the following descriptive terms: Machiavellian, narcissistic, Don Juan, and Christ-like.
CENTRAL- A central trait is an attribute in someone's personality that is considered particularly meaningful, in that its presence or absence signals the presence or absence of other traits. Central Traits refer to general characteristics that are present to some degree in almost everyone. Examples of central traits could be kindness, honesty, or friendliness.
SECONDARY- Secondary traits are sometimes related to attitudes or preferences. They often appear only in certain situations or under specific circumstances. Some examples include public speaking anxiety or impatience while waiting in line.
Hans Jürgen Eysenck was a German-born British psychologist who spent his professional career in Great Britain. He is best remembered for his work on intelligence and personality, although he worked on other issues in psychology.
READ QOUTES….
An aspect of personality concerned with emotional dispositions and reactions and their speed and intensity. Refer to the prevailing mood or mood pattern of a person. So how do you react in certain situation ano yung emotional disposition mo ano yung mood mo. Ito yung concern ng temperament.
So dito nakadepende kung paano tayo magreact in to certain situation which is either extravert and introvert kung extravert ka rational ka ba or emotional so same with introvert. Kung rational ka ….. Kung emotional ka…..
Ito yung tinatawag natin minsan na paranoid . so bakit ba tayo napaparanoid?...... Explain …..
Nervous people tend to suffer more frequently from a variety of “nervous disorders” we call neuroses.
How ever, people who score on the neuroticism scale are necessarily neurotics– only that they are more susceptible to neurotic problems…
Explain….
It’s a matter of the balance between inhibition and excitation in the brain. So meron tayong dalawang concept inhibition and excitation.
Excitation -
Inhibition-tina try na pakalkmahin ng utak natin ang sarili natin how so some cases when we relax yan kapag natutulog tayo. Or inhibition is siya yung pomoprotekta sa atin pag nagpapanic tayo siya yung nagpapakalma sa atin in a certain situation.
Extrovert has good strong inhibition
Introvert has poor or weak inhibition
this dimension included traits such as aggressiveness, manipulation, tough-mindedness, risk taking, irresponsibility, and impulsivity versus their opposites. Most boys with monoamine oxidase A deficiency are less able to control their impulses than their peers, causing aggressive or violent outbursts.
