3. An overview
Writing 1119/2
Part 1:
Short communicative
messages
80 words
(20 marks)
Part 2:
Guided writing
125-150 words
(20 marks)
Part 3:
Extended writing
200-250 words
(20 marks)
4. Objectives
By the end of this session, students can:
1. analyse the question by using the 3T Technique
2. Use the GR 123 C technique to answer question in
Part 1
3. Use the Saya Rasa Enjoy Cikgu to answer question
in Part 2.
4. look at the overview of Part 3.
5. Themes in the English Syllabus
People and
Culture
Science and
Technology
Consumerism
and Financial
Awareness
Health and
Environment
8. People and
Culture
You received an email
from your friend,
Aida.
Hi,
Congratulations for becoming the second runner-up for an
essay writing competition. How did you know about the
competition? Who inspired you to join it? How did you
react when you knew the result? I am so proud of you!
Hope to hear from you really soon! Bye.
Bye,
Aida
9. What is 3Ts Technique?
1
Task
• IDENTIFYING
• TASK: Context
and answering
questions
2
Tone
• DEGREE OF
FORMALITY
• Who is your
audience? The
school
students? An
international
blog?
3
Tense
• FINALISING
• Generally Past,
Present Tense
with a splash
of modals
(might, may,
could, would)
CONTENT COMMUNICATIVE
ACHIEVEMENT
LANGUAG
E
ORGANISATION
Adapted from :
Ms. Ana Shirin (SMAP Kajang)
10. Employing 3Ts
Technique
Task:
1. How did you know about
the competition?
2. Who inspired you to
join?
3. Your reaction upon
winning.
Tone:
Informal- to a friend
Tense:
Past Tense
Hi,
Congratulations for becoming the second runner-up
for an essay writing competition. How did you know
about the competition? Who inspired you to join it?
How did you react when you knew the result? I am
so proud of you!
Hope to hear from you really soon! Bye.
Bye
Aida
11. Writing Plan
Tone: Friendly opening
Hi! / Hello!
How are things?
How is it going?
It’s good to hear from you!
Not advisable to use
I hope you are in the pink
(old usage)
Task: Content
Highlight questions in the
email that you need to
answer:
1. A venue for the party.
2. Suggesting gifts.
3. Activities during the party.
Answer to the questions
particularly asked and do not
divert the focus of the
question
Friendly ending
Bye for now.
See you soon.
Speak to you later.
That’s all for now.
Write back soon.
Looking forward to your
reply.
Not advisable to use
languages like
adios/amigos sayonara/
annyeong,
Tense : Use past tense.
14. ‘GR’
GREETINGS
• Dear Wong,
• Dear Shahira,
• Hi Ezzul,
• Hello Yoga,
RESPOND TO EMAIL
• I’m glad to hear from you.
• Thanks for writing to me.
• I received your email yesterday
16. C
CLOSING
• Do keep in touch.
• Keep in touch.
• Looking forward to
your next email.
• I hope to hear from
you soon.
• Thank you for your
help.
• Write back soon.
CONJUNCTIONS /
COHESIVE DEVICES
• and/but/or
• Firstly/Lastly/Initially
• Next/Then/In addition/
Furthermore/
Moreover/Besides
• however/ although/
unless/ meanwhile
• Likewise/similarly/ in
short/ in brief/ to sum up/
• As for me…
17. Employing 3Ts
Technique
Task:
1. How did you know about
the competition.
2. Who inspired you to
join?
3. Your reaction upon
winning.
Tone:
Informal- to a friend
Tense:
Past Tense
Hi,
Congratulations for becoming the second runner-up
for an essay writing competition. How did you know
about the competition? Who inspired you to join it?
How did you react when you knew the result? I am
so proud of you!
Hope to hear from you really soon! Bye.
Bye
Aida
18. AN EXAMPLE WITH TWO ELABORATIONS FOR
EACH CONTENT
GREETINGS
RESPONSE
CONTENT 1
(How did you know about the
competition)
ELABORATION 1
(What made you join it?)
Thanks for writing to me.
Initially, the poster really attracted
my attention because one of the
topics was close to my heart
I knew about the competition from
the poster shared by the organiser on
the Instagram
Hi Aida.
19. AN EXAMPLE WITH TWO ELABORATIONS FOR EACH
CONTENT
Without any doubt, she also
helped me out by checking my
grammar and sentence structure.
In addition, she said I could
sharpen my writing skills.
CONTENT 2
(Who inspired you to join it?)
ELABORATION 2
When I asked Pn. Noly about it, she
encouraged me to take part in the
competition.
20. AN EXAMPLE WITH TWO ELABORATIONS FOR EACH
CONTENT
Of course, it was unbelievable at
first, then I screamed out aloud.
CONTENT 3
(How did you react when you
knew about the results?)
ELABORATION 3
CLOSING
Thank you for your wish. Do keep
in touch.
I am really happy because I had
the courage to join the
competition.
21. SAMPLE ANSWER
Hello Damia,
Thanks for writing to me. I knew about the competition from the poster shared by
the organiser on the Instagram. Initially, the poster really attracted my attention
because one of the topics was close to my heart. When I asked Pn. Noly about it,
she encouraged me. Without any doubt, she also helped me out by checking my
grammar and sentence structure. In addition, she said I could sharpen my writing
skills.
Of course, it was unbelievable at first, then I screamed out aloud. I am really
happy because I had the courage to join the competition.
Thank you for your wish. Do keep in touch.
22. TASK 1
You received an email from your friend who is studying
in another school.
Hello,
I heard your school is organizing a STEM Carnival.
When is it and what are the activities that are going to
be held? Who can attend the event?
It’s getting late, reply soon.
Bye!
23. TASK 2
You received an email from your friend who is planning to organize a
surprise birthday party for her teacher.
Hello,
My classmates and I are planning a surprise birthday party for our
teacher’s 40th birthday. Can you recommend a good venue for the
party. What gifts should we give her? What activities can we do during
the party?
Looking forward to your reply.
Bye!
24. Content Elaboration (WH Questions)
USE WH QUESTIONS BRAINSTORMING METHOD
Teacher’s Party
Venue
Where?
Park /café/ classroom
Why?
Park : outdoor –near
Café: Teacher’s favourite – interesting
menu
Gifts
What?
Perfume /Handbag/ Book
Why?
Handbag : most women love handbags
Perfume : on sale
Book : hobby-reading
Activities
What?
Students’ performance
Games (park)-frisbee, tug of war
Why?
Performance : to show appreciation
Games : strengthen the bond
26. Consumerism and financial
awareness
Hi,
Do you have any plans this weekend? If you are free, I was
thinking we could go shopping. Which mall could we go and
how can we go there? What can we buy there?
I am looking forward to your reply.
Bye!
Hi,
I have been thinking of saving money, but I always end up
spending all of my pocket money. What should I do to
achieve my savings goals?
Thank you for your advice.
27. Science and Technology
Hi,
My school is organising an anti cyberbullying campaign. What activities
should be included? How can we attract more students to participate in
the campaign? Looking forward to your reply.
Bye!
Hi,
I have a problem. I think my addiction to online games is worsening. What
should I do? I am afraid as the exam is just around the corner, but I
couldn’t be away from my computer for more than an hour. Please give me
some advice.
Thanks!
Hello,
My cousin is opening a new shop and wants to attract more customers.
Which platform is the best and what can she do if she wishes to advertise
it online? I need your opinion, please.
Bye!
28. Health and Environment
Hi,
I need your advice. I think I am having too much stress. I’m so worried as the
exam is just around the corner and I have problems with my best friend.
What should I do to cope with stress? Help me!
Thanks!
Hi,
My class is organising a trip to a nature reserve or a place with natural
beauty. They have put me in charge. Where should we go? What can we do
there and what should we bring? Do let me know.
Bye!
Hello,
As you know I live near to a nature reserve, however, lately, it is full of litter
as it is always swamped by visitors. My neighbours and I are thinking of ways
to improve the situation and try to keep the place clean at all time. What can
we do?
I need your suggestions. Thank you.
30. Part 2: Identifying the question by using 3Ts
Tense: Present Tense
(Modal)
Tone: semiformal, Personal
Task:
1. What to buy? One (or a
maximum of two)
2. 2 reasons for buying +
elaboration (cause, effect,
eg)
3. Where to buy? Two
places
SAMPLE OF QUESTION + 3T
Adapted from :Ms. Ana Shirin (SMAP Kajang)
32. What is Saya Rasa Enjoy Cikgu
• Your answer(s) to the question
Saya
(Statement)
• Your reasons for the choice(s) made
Rasa
(Reason)
• Give example to support your answer
Enjoy
(Example)
Cikgu
(Conclusion)
• Concluding your response
Adapted from :Team Azam PPDS
33. Sample of sentences
STATEMENT
• If given a choice, I would
definitely…
• As for me, I like….
• …….will always be my first
choice.
• If given an opportunity to
choose, I would love to go
for….
• Without a doubt, …..has
always been my favourite …
REASON
• I like/enjoy …. because….
• The reason why I choose … is
because…
• The reasons for my choice is
many. One of them is…
• There are many reasons behind
this/ to support my choice. One
of them is…
34. Sample of sentences
EXAMPLE
• For example
• For instance
• An example of such is…
• …..is a perfect example of
such.
Conclusion
• In short…
• In a nutshell…
• To sum up,….
• To conclude it all….
• Therefore….
35. Part 2: Identifying the question by using 3Ts
Tense: Present Tense
(Modal)
Tone: semiformal, Personal
Tasks:
1. What to buy?
One (or a maximum of two)
2. 2 reasons for buying +
elaboration (cause, effect, eg)
3. Where to buy?
Two places
36. Saya Rasa Enjoy Cikgu
Saya
(Statement)
Your answer(s) to the
question
If given the opportunity to spend my money on a single
item, I would love to purchase a Samsung Galaxy S20+
phone that costs me about RM3500
Rasa
(Reason)
Your justification to the
choice(s) made
The phone helps me to snap great pictures as the camera
on the front and back are adjustable. In addition, it has a
lot of filters to help me editing all my photos and videos.
Enjoy
(Example)
Providing example to
further support your
answer
For example, there is a special feature for day time and
another one for dark mode.
Cikgu
(Conclusion)
Concluding your
response
This is really helpful for me because photography is my
cup of tea
Tasks : What to buy?
Reasons for your choice?
Adapted from :Team AZAM PPDS
37. Saya Rasa Enjoy Cikgu
Saya
(Statement)
Your answer(s) to the
question
This phone can be bought at any Samsung stores or
online shopping websites.
Rasa
(Reason)
Your justification to the
choice(s) made
As for me, I prefer to buy it online from Lazada or
Shoppee because the price is normally cheaper than in
the mall.
Enjoy
(Example)
Providing example to
further support your
answer
For example, the same phone costs us RM3500 if we buy
it in a mall but only RM3300 on the Shoppee.
Cikgu
(Conclusion)
Concluding your
response
To sum up, we can save RM 200 if we purchase it online.
Tasks : Where do you usually buy this thing?
Adapted from :Team AZAM PPDS
38. If given the opportunity to splurge my money on
a single item, I would love to purchase a Samsung Flip Z
phone that costs about RM3500. This phone is the latest
edition that folds and holds its position at multiple
angles and was just released in October 2020.
The phone is able to help me snap great pictures
as the camera on the front and back are adjustable to
be used in many different lightings. For example, there
is a special feature for day time and another one for
dark hours. This is really helpful for me because
photography is my cup of tea. Moreover battery life on
this phone lasts longer than other phones in the market,
hence, I can use it for a long duration while attending
my online classes sessions or while I am snapping
pictures outdoor.
This phone can be bought at any authorised
Samsung phone outlets or even for a cheaper price
through reputable online sites like Shopee or Lazada to
avoid being cheated.
Tasks:
What to buy?
One (or a maximum of two)
2 reasons for buying +
elaboration CE² (cause, effect,
example)
Where to buy? Two places
Tone:
semiformal, Personal
Tense:
Present Tense
Modal
Adapted from :Ms. Ana Shirin (SMAP Kajang)
40. Exercise
You must answer this question. Write your answer in 125-150
words in an appropriate style.
Your class has been discussing how they spend their free time
during weekends and your teacher has asked you to write an
essay about what you would do during weekends.
In your essay, you should write about:
• What is the activity
• Reasons for your choice
• Where do you usually do this activity.
Write your essay using all the notes and giving reasons for
your point of view.
Tasks:
• A weekend activity
• Reasons for choosing the activity
• Where do you normally do this activity
Tone: semiformal, Personal
Tense: Present Tense (Modal)
Adapted from :Ms. Ana Shirin (SMAP Kajang)
41. Saya Rasa Enjoy Cikgu
Saya
(Statement)
Your answer(s) to the
question
Without a doubt, playing online games has always been my
favourite weekend activity.
Rasa
(Reason)
Your justification to the
choice(s) made
There are many reasons to support my choice. One of
them is, playing online games helps me to unwind and
forget about my boring life especially during the MCO.
Enjoy
(Example)
Providing example to
further support your
answer
For example, I enjoy looking at the interesting graphic
sceneries in online games because I cannot go out and
always look at the same things at home.
Cikgu
(Conclusion)
Concluding your
response
Therefore, playing online games is the perfect weekend
activity for me.
Tasks : A weekend activity?
Reasons for your choice?
Adapted from :Team AZAM PPDS
42. Saya Rasa Enjoy Cikgu
Saya
(Statement)
Your answer(s) to the
question
I normally play online games in my room…
Rasa
(Reason)
Your justification to the
choice(s) made
…because it is quite spacious and airy. Furthermore, I have
a good Internet connection in my room which helps me to
stay online without any interruption.
Enjoy
(Example)
Providing example to
further support your
answer
For example, I can play for hours in my room without being
disconnected from the game.
Cikgu
(Conclusion)
Concluding your
response
This allows me to complete all my ‘missions’ smoothly and
move to the next level without repeating the previous
steps since there isn’t any interruption.
Tasks : Where do you usually do this activity?
Adapted from :Team AZAM PPDS
44. Consumerism and Financial Awareness
Your class has been talking about online shopping and your teacher has asked
you to write an essay about it. In your essay, you should write about:
• Reasons of why people go for online shopping
• Advantages of online shopping.
• Disadvantages of online shopping.
Write your essay by using all the notes and giving reason for your point of view.
Your class has been talking about ways to save money and your teacher has
asked you to write an essay about it. In your essay, you should write about:
• The benefits of saving money.
• Ways to save money.
• What do you want to spend on with the money that you have saved.
Write your essay by using all the notes and giving reason for your point of view.
45. Science and Technology
Question
You and your friends have been talking about online classes during the Movement Control Order
and your teacher has asked you to write about the advantages and disadvantages of online classes.
In your essay, you should write about
• The situation
• The advantages of online classes
• The disadvantages of online classes
Write your essay using all the notes and giving reasons for your point of view.
Your class has been discussing how people nowadays cannot live without a smartphone and your
teacher has asked you to write an essay on how smartphones have affected people’s lives.
In your essay, you should write about
• Why people have a smartphone
• Positive aspects of having a smartphone
• Negative aspects of having a smartphone
Write your essay using all the notes and giving reasons for your point of view.
46. People and culture
Question
You and your friends have been talking about crime and punishment. Your teacher has asked you
to write an essay about suitable punishment for young offenders.
In your essay, you should write about
• Whether young people should be punished like adults.
• What are suitable punishments for young people
• Why punishment is necessary.
Write your essay using all the notes and giving reasons for your point of view.
Your class has been discussing about tertiary education and your teacher has asked you to write
an essay on where do you want to study after secondary school.
In your essay, you should write about
• Whether you want to study abroad or locally.
• What you want to study
• Reasons for choosing the institution and course
Write your essay using all the notes and giving reasons for your point of view.
47. Health and environments
Question
You and your friends have been talking about how teenagers can save wildlife. Your teacher has asked
you to write an essay about it.
In your essay, you should write about
• Why these animals are hunted.
• How you can save wildlife
• Why it is important to save wildlife.
Write your essay using all the notes and giving reasons for your point of view
Your class has been discussing how people can avoid being stress during COVID-19 pandemic and your
teacher has asked you to write an essay about what you have done to avoid stress during the
pandemic
In your essay, you should write about
• Why people feel stress during the pandemic
• What have you done to avoid stress during the pandemic
Write your essay using all the notes and giving reasons for your point of view.
51. ARTICLE
Task:
• Types of food
• Special facilities
• Ways to improve
Tone:
formal
Tense:
Present tense
Modal
Article wanted!
My School Canteen
What types of food would you like to be served?
What special facilities should your canteen have?
How can you improve your canteen?
Write an article answering these questions.
The best article will be displayed on the school magazine.
You see this notice on a board outside the school library.
Adapted from :Ms. Ana Shirin (SMAP Kajang)
52. Reviews required!
Have you watched any interesting movies lately? Send us your
movie review.
Say what you enjoyed about the movie?
Would you recommend the movie to your friends? Why?
Question 5
You recently saw this notice in a magazine
The best review will be published in our newsletter .
REVIEW
Task:
• Name of the movie
• Interesting aspects –
plot, theme, actors,
special effects etc
• Reasons for
recommending it
Tone:
Semi formal - personal
Tense:
Past, Present perfect
Adapted from :Ms. Ana Shirin (SMAP Kajang)
53. Review
Task:
What is your dream
Ways to achieve it.
Tone:
Semi-formal, Personal
Tense:
Past tense
A Dream Comes True
Your story should include:
a description of the dream
How the dream is achieved
Question 3
Your teacher has asked you to write a story for a school magazine.
The story must have the title:
Write your story.:
Adapted from :Ms. Ana Shirin (SMAP Kajang)
56. Why review?
1. Social responsibility - Sharing is
caring
2. Saying thank you
3. Ways to make recommendation
for improvement
4. Collect rewards and prizes
5. Turn into a career.
Adapted from :Ms. Ana Shirin (SMAP Kajang)
57. TYPES OF REVIEW
(an assessment of what
you have experienced)
Book
Movie
Place
Gadget
Product
Song
Television Show
58. Reviews required!
Have you watched any interesting movies lately? Send us your
movie review.
Say what you enjoyed about the movie?
Would you recommend the movie to your friends? Why?
Question 5
You recently saw this notice in a magazine
The best review will be published in our newsletter .
200 – 250 words
Task:
Answer three questions
Tone:
Semi formal - personal
Tense:
Past, Present perfect
59. LAYOUT OF A REVIEW
Introduction
The Body paragraphs
• Point 1
• Point 2
• Point 3
Conclusion
60. Reviews needed!
Have you seen any good
movies recently? Email us
your movie review.
Tell us what you like about
the movie.
Would you recommend the
movie to your friends? Why?
The best review will be
published in our magazine
Identify the STYLE :
Text Type : REVIEW
Identify the TASK :
Write a movie review. Address all the
prompts given
Identify the AUDIENCE :
Magazine readers
Tense to use :
Can use both present and past tense
Writing style :
FORMAL
61. STEP 2 : PLAN YOUR RESPONSE
Reviews needed!
Have you seen any good
movies recently? Email us
your movie review.
Tell us what you like about the
movie.
Would you recommend the
movie to your friends? Why?
The best review will be
published in our magazine
Respond to all the prompts :
Describe the movie you have seen.
Elaborate on parts you like.
State if you would recommend it with
reasons.
Organise your points into paragraphs.
62. STEP 3 : WRITE THE TITLE
• Write a brief title by stating the type of
review, (movie review) and the subject
being reviewed, (the name of the movie).
A Movie Review : The
Beast Father
63. STEP 4 : WRITE YOUR INTRODUCTION
Released globally on 20 June
2021, ‘The Beast Father’ is an
action movie guaranteed to
capture the attention of most
Asian movie lovers. It is the
second movie directed by Ariff
Adha.
Write a brief introduction that includes details
of the movie such as the title, genre/type,
release date, length, director, actors, etc.
This answers the first prompt.
Title : The Beast Father
Genre : Action
Release Date : 20 June 2021
Director : Ariff Adha
64. STEP 4 : WRITE YOUR INTRODUCTION
Released globally on 20 June
2021, ‘The Beast Father’ is an
action movie guaranteed to
capture the attention of most
Asian movie lovers. It is the
second movie directed by Ariff
Adha.
Write a brief introduction that includes details
of the movie such as the title, genre/type,
release date, length, director, actors, etc.
This answers the first prompt.
Title : The Beast Father
Genre : Action
Release Date : 20 June 2021
Director : Ariff Adha
65. STEP 3 : WRITE YOUR ANSWER
Set in a modern metropolitan of the
21st century, the movie is about a
father’s love and sacrifice for his
daughter. The main character, Rick
who was a notorious gangster, is now
trying to live a normal life by
becoming a truck driver. One night,
his daughter is kidnapped when she
is out partying with her friends. Rick
unites with his best friend and
criminal investigator, and together
they look for clues to discover her
whereabouts.
Give a brief synopsis of
the movie.
Setting
Plot
Characters
66. STEP 3 : WRITE YOUR ANSWER
Set in a modern metropolitan of the
21st century, the movie is about a
father’s love and sacrifice for his
daughter. The main character, Rick
who was a notorious gangster, is now
trying to live a normal life by
becoming a truck driver. One night,
his daughter is kidnapped when she
is out partying with her friends. Rick
unites with his best friend and a
criminal investigator, and together
they look for clues to discover her
whereabouts.
Give a brief synopsis of
the movie.
Setting
Plot
Characters
67. STEP 3 : WRITE YOUR ANSWER
I like this movie because it is
entertaining and has a great balance
of action, comedy and suspense.
The story progresses at just the right
place, neither boring the audience
nor moving too fast where it loses
the viewers along the way. Besides,
I love the chemistry between the
two best friends, who both acted
very well. The action sequences are
top-notched, particularly those
performed by Rick, played by
Shahputra, who has a kickboxing
background.
• Respond to the second
prompt – what you like or
you find good about the
movie.
68. STEP 3 : WRITE YOUR ANSWER
I like this movie because it is
entertaining and has a great balance
of action, comedy and suspense.
The story progresses at just the right
place, neither boring the audience
nor moving too fast where it loses
the viewers along the way. Besides,
I love the chemistry between the
two best friends, who both acted
very well. The action sequences are
top-notched, particularly those
performed by Rick, played by
Shahputra, who has a kickboxing
background.
• Respond to the second
prompt – what you like or
you find good about the
movie.
69. STEP 3 : WRITE YOUR ANSWER
In conclusion, this is one movie
you should definitely watch
because I can say with confidence
that the 112 minutes spent on this
film will fly by in a blink of an eye.
It is the perfect popcorn movie to
help you take a break and de-stress.
I would definitely recommend this
to all action movie lovers as well as
fans of Asian movies.
End the review with a brief
conclusion that includes:
• Overall evaluation
• Recommendation and
reasons
70. STEP 3 : WRITE YOUR ANSWER
In conclusion, this is one movie
you should definitely watch
because I can say with confidence
that the 112 minutes spent on this
film will fly by in a blink of an eye.
It is the perfect popcorn movie to
help you take a break and de-stress.
I would definitely recommend this
to all action movie lovers as well as
fans of Asian movies.
End the review with a brief
conclusion that includes:
• Overall evaluation
• Recommendation and
reasons
72. Introduction
• I recently read /watched…
• One of my favourite books /
movies is….
• The book/ movie I would like to
review is…
73. Giving
background
information
• The book is written by..
• The movie is directed by
• The genre of the book / movie is
• The book was published in..
• The movie was released in …
74. Describing a Story/ movie
• It tells the story of …
• It is a fun/entertaining /chilling / inspiring story about..
• The story is set in..
• The story is based on..
• It features a great cast of characters including...(movie)
• The main character is..
• A memorable character is..
• The cast gave superb/average performances..
• There is a twist in the end which..
• I love / hate the theme of the book / movie because..
• What I love most about the book / movie..
75. Giving
Recommendation
• This book / movie is recommended for…
• I thoroughly recommend this book /movie
because..
• It is one of the best books I have ever read
/ movies I have ever seen.
• Although I enjoyed it, I would not
recommend it for..
• The book / movie has its moment but..
• I certainly would not recommend this
book/movie because..
• It is a bad book / movie and I would not
recommend it to anyone.
76. TAKE NOTE!!!
When talking about a BOOK
Describe :
• The PLOT
• CHARACTERS
• THEME
• LANGUAGE USED
When talking about a MOVIE
Describe:
• The PLOT
• CHARACTERS
• VISUAL EFFECTS
• CINEMATOGRAPHY
• DIRECTING
78. COHESIVE DEVICES
FUNCTION :
To show sequence of
ideas
• Firstly
• Secondly
• Finally
• After that
• Then
• Subsequently
FUNCTION:
To state contrasting
ideas
• However,
• Though,
• On the other hand,
• Nevertheless,
• Yet,
• But,
• Otherwise
• Besides,
• In addition,
• Other than that,
• Another (idea / benefit)
• Moreover,
• Not only …but also
• On top of that,
• As well as,
FUNCTION:
To add ideas
79. COHESIVE DEVICES
FUNCTION:
To illustrate a point
• For example,
• Such as,
• As shown by,
• For instance
FUNCTION:
To state similar ideas,
• Similarly,
• Likewise,
• In the same way,
• Equally,
• As with,
• In the same way,
FUNCTION:
To show cause and effect
• Due to this,
• As a result,
• Consequently,
• Therefore,
• Hence,
