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VEHICULAR POLLUTION.pptx
- 1. VEHICULAR POLLUTION Urbanization in developing countries have contributed towards increasing vehicle density on roads while not having sufficient road capacity and crowded intersection in areas of congestion leading to air pollution. Air contamination is a standout among the most genuine natural worries in nations like India. Hydrocarbon, sulphur , ozone, lead, and suspended particulate matter are the major pollutants that vehicles emit. These pollutants have unhealthy effects on human’s health and ecology. Hence, vehicular pollution and city air pollution become major concern.
- 2. HARMFUL EFFECTS OF VEHICULAR POLLUTION • Global warming • Poor Air Quality • Reduced Visibility • Health Issues And Other Complications
- 3. EURO 1 Applies to all new cars registered from 1 January 1993 Implementation date (new approvals): 1 July 1992 Benefits: The Euro 1 standard heralded the introduction of catalytic converters and unleaded petrol for all cars. Emissions limits (petrol) • CO: 2.72g/km • HC + NOx: 0.97g/km Emissions limits (diesel) • CO: 2.72g/km • HC + NOx: 0.97g/km • PM: 0.14g/km
- 4. EURO 2 Emission standards for passenger cars and light commercial vehicles are summarised in the following tables. Since the Euro 2 stage, EU regulations introduce different emission limits for diesel and petrol vehicles. Diesels have more stringent CO standards but are allowed higher NOx emissions. Petrol- powered vehicles are exempted from particulate matter (PM) standards through to the Euro 4 stage, but vehicles with direct injection engines are subject to a limit of 0.0045 g/km for Euro 5 and Euro 6.
- 5. Progression of Euro Norms These emission norms get stricter every 2-3 years making newer cars more environmentally friendly. The latest Euro norm was the Euro 6d which was approved during Jan of 2020. The next norm, Euro 7 is proposed to be approved by 2025
Editor's Notes
- Urbanization and rapid growth in population in developing countries have contributed towards increasing vehicle density on roads while not having sufficient road capacity and crowded intersection in areas of congestion leading to air pollution. Air contamination is a standout among the most genuine natural worries in nations like India. Carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, oxides of nitrogen, sulphur, ozone, lead, and suspended particulate matter are the major pollutants that vehicles emit. These pollutants have unhealthy effects on human’s health and ecology. Larger parts of people are expected to be living in urban areas; hence, vehicular pollution and city air pollution becomes a major concern.
- Harmful effects of vehicular pollution:- 1.Global Warming One of the leading effects of vehicular pollution is global warming. Vehicular pollution results in the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, which results in the depletion of the ozone layer and an increase in atmospheric temperature, leading to global warming 2. Poor Air Quality Vehicular pollution has destroyed the air so much that in some countries, people have to wear face masks, to reduce the number of harmful substances inhaled. 3.Reduced Visibility Vehicles produce a lot of emissions, and can at times make visibility a problem. 4. Health Issues and other Complications Pollutants from vehicles can result in lung infections, complications, and even various types of cancers.
- The first European legislation on exhaust emissions was introduced in 1970, but the first European-wide standard, called Euro 1, didn’t arrive until July, 1992. The regulations weren’t anywhere near as stringent as they are today. That said, the fitment of catalytic converters became compulsory on all new cars, and Euro 1 required the switch to unleaded petrol. Back then, only hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxide were tested, along with particulate matter in the case of diesel engines. Over the years, the regulations have become stricter and the limits lowered.
- Emission standards for light-duty vehicles are applicable to all vehicles category M1, M2, N1 and N2 with a reference mass not exceeding 2610 kg (Euro 5/6). EU regulations introduce different emission limits for compression ignition (diesel) and positive ignition. Petrol-powered vehicles are exempted from particulate matter (PM) standards through to the Euro 4 stage, but vehicles with direct injection engines are subject to a limit of 0.0045 g/km for Euro 5 and Euro 6.
- The 2000/2005 standards were accompanied by an introduction of more stringent fuel regulations that require minimum diesel cetane number of 51 (year 2000), maximum diesel sulfur content of 350 ppm in 2000 and 50 ppm in 2005, and maximum petrol (gasoline) sulfur content of 150 ppm in 2000 and 50 ppm in 2005. “Sulfur-free” diesel and gasoline fuels (≤ 10 ppm S) had to be available from 2005, and became mandatory from 2009. These emission norms get stricter every 2-3 years making newer cars more environmentally friendly.