Singular nouns refer to one person, thing, animal, place or event, while plural nouns refer to more than one. There are five rules for making nouns plural in English: 1) add -s for regular nouns, 2) add -es for nouns ending in s, sh, ch, or x, 3) change -y to -i and add -es for nouns ending in -y, 4) change -f to -v and add -es for nouns ending in -f or -fe, and 5) some irregular nouns like child, mouse and goose undergo spelling changes to become plural.

3. Singular

4. Singular
- refers to one person,
things, animals, places
or events.

5. Plural

6. Plural
- refers to more than
one person, things,
animals, places or
events.

7. Rule 1
 Regular Nouns form
their plural form by
adding -s.

8. Examples:
girl – girls
tortoise - tortoises
camera - cameras
monkey - monkeys

9. Rule 2
 Regular Nouns that ends
in s, sh, ch, or x form their
plural by adding -es

10. Examples:
mass - masses
bush – bushes
beach – beaches
fox - foxes

11. Rule 3
 Irregular nouns ending in –y
are made plural by changing
–y to –I and add -es

12. Examples:
puppy - puppies
kitty – kitties
daisy – daisies
bunny - bunnies

13. Rule 4
 Irregular nouns ending in –f
or – fe are made plural by
changing –f to –v and add -es

14. Examples:
elf - elves
life – lives
half – halves

15. Rule 5
 Some irregular nouns are
made plural by changing
their spelling.

16. Examples:
child - children
mouse – mice
goose – geese